77 research outputs found
Establishing SPV for power projects in Asia: an analysis of critical financial and legal factors
No full textsj-pdf-1-whe-10.1177_17455057231199032 – Supplemental material for Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female health care service providers on female genital mutilation in Somalia: A cross-sectional study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-whe-10.1177_17455057231199032 for Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female health care service providers on female genital mutilation in Somalia: A cross-sectional study by Nadira Mehriban, Abu Naser Zafar Ullah, Md Imdadul Haque, Md Golam Dostogir Harun, Deka Mohamed Isse, Faisal Muhammad, ABM Alauddin Chowdhury, Moniruddin Chowdhury, Md Zobaer Hasan and Thomas Dessoffy in Women’s Health</p
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of public private partnership projects in Asia and Mediterranean Middle East: trends and techniques
No full textCredit Enhancement and its Risk Factors for IPP Projects in Asia: An Analysis by Network Theory
No full textAbstractCredit enhancement is absolutely essential for financing Independent Power Producer (IPP) projects in Asia particularly for countries whose sovereign credit rating is on non-investment grade and foreign investment is difficult to achieve. In IPP project, due to lots of agreements among varies parties, it is hard to clearly visualize the roles of these agreements. Examples are: What credit enhancement factors are most influential to minimize the associated risks of IPP projects? Why are they powerful? What are their roles? Who are less powerful and what are the obstacles that cause them less powerful? A research is conducted to identify the credit enhancement factors for IPP projects in Asia. IPP professionals validated 27 out of 28 identified credit enhancement factors, and five factor groupings were made through factor analysis. Afterwards, network theory is applied to find the unanswered questions, which by graphical and mathematical representations show that the host government's credit enhancement, MDBs, ECAs and other parties’ credit enhancement are prominent and of great importance to handle the associated risks of IPP projects in Asia
A study on special purpose vehicle (SPV) of independent power producer (IPP) projects in Asia
No full textCreation of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is the seminal step in any Public Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects. The main purpose of SPV is to facilitate financial transaction, to establish legal rules and regulations and to frame contracts between the parties involved in the concerned project. Ambitious and improper setup of SPV may cause delay and cost overrun to project completion, force restructuring debt mechanism and may even lead to bankruptcy to giant companies. Many infrastructure PPP projects have suffered set-back due to failure in identifying in advance the potential barriers that the SPV would face, its legal and financial dimensions with long term uncertainties and wide risk sharing portfolios. The objective of this research has three major dimensions. First, identify critical legal and financial factors for establishing sustainable SPV of Independent Power Producer (IPP) projects in Asia. A questionnaire survey is conducted to identify the most important factors in setting up SPV for IPP projects from a wide range of experts involved in the PPP projects in Asia. The questionnaire survey examines the relative importance of seventy-five critical financial and legal factors for establishing SPV of IPP projects in Asia. Given that all the factors are nominally seen critical in the literature, factor analysis is used to determine the principal critical factor groupings that dominate the setup of SPV for IPP projects in Asia. Factor analysis reveals fifteen factor groupings of critical financial and legal factors for establishing SPV for IPP projects in Asia. They are: (1) output contract; (2) input contract; (3) parties creditworthiness; (4) regulatory framework; (5) host country business environment; (6) concession agreement; (7) guarantees on off-taker, supplier and SPV; (8) guarantees on tariff; (9) government’s financial guarantees; (10) credit guarantees by financial institutions; (11) credit enhancement by shareholders; (12) credit enhancement by government; (13) credit enhancement by MDBs, ECAs and other parties; (14) capital structure mechanism; and (15) credit enhancement by commercial banks. Second, set a legal strategy for the government in order to implement IPP projects in Asia. It should be noted that government’s involvement in an IPP project is a prerequisite for its development and it significantly influences the financial structure of the project. Here, the researcher discusses the findings from selected case studies and identifies various issues that the government needs to deal with. Four IPP projects from Asian countries, namely, India, Pakistan, Indonesia and China, are evaluated and examined. The issues examined are related to sovereign support policy, involvement of financial institutions and export credit agencies, purchase agreements, and credit enhancement mechanism. This part constitutes an attempt at providing a competitive strategy that will help government to develop a legal framework for IPP project financing. Third, identify the key stakeholders, their power and position, intermediaries and obstacles in IPP structure, and the structural and hierarchical pattern and characteristics of the structure. Though numerous research studies have been conducted to establish and justify the structure of IPP projects based on contractual agreements between participating stakeholders and on existing legal frameworks of a host country, there are still questions left unanswered. Examples are: What are the factors that influence the structuring of IPP? Who are the key stakeholders? And what are the roles of participating partners in an IPP project? However, not much work has been done yet. The researcher found that application of network theory can help fill these gaps and identify and distinguish potential stakeholders in IPP affiliation and can effectively contribute to an in-depth analysis of the relationships between participating partners. Two IPP projects from Pakistan and Bangladesh are selected for network analysis. It identifies important features like core–peripheral stakeholder(s), influential intermediary participants and their interdependence, and influences on an IPP structure for its substantive outcome. With the introduction of the network theory, a more thorough analysis of IPP structures can be achieved which may provide valuable information to project sponsors as well as legal and financial advisers associated with IPP projects.Doctor of Philosophy (CEE
Improved Study of Side-Channel Attacks Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Full text linkDifferential power analysis attacks are special kinds of side-channel attacks where power traces are considered as the side-channel information to launch the attack. These attacks are threatening and significant security issues for modern cryptographic devices such as smart cards, and Point of Sale (POS) machine; because after careful analysis of the power traces, the attacker can break any secured encryption algorithm and can steal sensitive information.
In our work, we study differential power analysis attack using two popular neural networks: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our work seeks to answer three research questions(RQs):
RQ1: Is it possible to predict the unknown cryptographic algorithm using neural network models from different datasets?
RQ2: Is it possible to map the key value for the specific plaintext-ciphertext pair with or without side-band information?
RQ3: Using similar hyper-parameters, can we evaluate the performance of two neural network models (CNN vs. RNN)?
In answering the questions, we have worked with two different datasets: one is a physical dataset (DPA contest v1 dataset), and the other one is simulated dataset (toggle count quantity) from Verilog HDL. We have evaluated the efficiency of CNN and RNN models in predicting the unknown cryptographic algorithms of the device under attack. We have mapped to 56 bits key for a specific plaintext-ciphertext pair with and without using side-band information. Finally, we have evaluated vi our neural network models using different metrics such as accuracy, loss, baselines, epochs, speed of operation, memory space consumed, and so on. We have shown the performance comparison between RNN and CNN on different datasets. We have done three experiments and shown our results on these three experiments. The first two experiments have shown the advantages of choosing CNN over RNN while working with side-channel datasets. In the third experiment, we have compared two RNN models on the same datasets but different dimensions of the datasets
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of Public Private Partnership Projects in Asia and Mediterranean Middle East: Trends and Techniques
Full text linkOne of the main reasons for the success of public private partnership (PPP) projects is the creation of a separate commercial venture named “Special Purpose Vehicle” (SPV). SPV provides a good framework for raising funds, linking participants legally and assuring supply, production and marketing of products. SPV brings together various parties like lenders, financial institutions, public sector and export credit agencies, suppliers and off-takers. There is often a lack of precedents to identify attributes of a SPV and the process is further hampered by undeveloped financial and legal structures of a country. Thus, there is a need to establish clear attributes for a SPV to raise the funding options of PPPs. In search of these essential attributes, six PPP projects in Asia and Mediterranean Middle East are examined in this paper. Three are independent power producers (IPP), one each from India, Pakistan and China, and three are desalination Projects, one each from Israel, Singapore and Algeria. The evidence shows that not only are there common trends and techniques that are used for SPV development but also some unique features to overcome financial and legal hurdles. The evidence also gives insights for using SPV to improve financing of PPP projects.- special purpose vehicle, public-private partnership, project finance
Establishing SPV for power projects in Asia : an analysis of critical financial and legal factors
Full text linkOne of the main reasons for the success of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects is the creation of separate commercial venture named ‘Special Purpose Vehicle’ (SPV). SPV provides a good framework for raising funds, linking participants legally and assuring supply, production and marketing of products. SPV brings together various parties like lenders, financial institutions, public sector and export credit agencies, guarantors, suppliers and off-takers. There is often a lack of precedents to identify factors of SPV and the process is further hampered by undeveloped financial and legal structures of a country. A number of factors need to be considered before setting up of SPV for PPP projects. A questionnaire survey was thus conducted to explore the most important factors in setting up SPV for PPP power projects from a wide range of personnel involved in the PPP processes in Asia. The objective of this paper is to investigate the current practice of setting up SPV and associated legal and financial impacts onto it. Analysis of the response data reflects experts’ opinion in identifying the influential factors and the choices in setting up SPV for PPP power projects in Asia. The findings of the paper would help the public sector in implementing PPP power policy development and private sector sponsors in managing the projects
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