1,721,056 research outputs found
Maladaptive repair after sepsis, role of resident macrophages and recruited monocytes
No full textLe sepsis est la forme la plus grave des infections. C’est une maladie fréquente et grave qui touche 49 millions de personnes chaque année dans le monde et qui est responsable de près de 11 millions de décès annuels. Son pronostic à la phase aiguë s’est nettement amélioré depuis plusieurs années et les conséquences à long terme du sepsis, survenant dans les semaines ou les mois après la sortie de l'unité de soins intensifs, sont de plus en plus répandues. Les survivants d'un sepsis présentent un risque accru de développer des défaillances chroniques d’organes telles qu'une maladie rénale chronique ou une insuffisance cardiaque. Si de nombreuses études ont porté sur la physiopathologie des mécanismes immunitaires précoces impliqués dans le sepsis, la physiopathologie des conséquences à long terme est encore peu étudiée. Dans le présent travail, nous avons démontré que le sepsis provoque une insuffisance d’organe transitoire cardiaque et rénale, mais induit des modifications durables des macrophages tissulaires. L'étude de leur ontogénie a montré que l'augmentation du nombre de macrophages est principalement due à une augmentation du nombre de macrophages dérivés des monocytes, alors que les macrophages résidents restaient stables en nombre dans le temps. Les analyses scRNAseq de cœur et de rein démontrent que les macrophages dérivés de monocytes ont un profil transcriptomique distinct avec des caractéristiques pro-inflammatoires et pro-fibrotiques. Ce changement en nombre et en phénotype des macrophages tissulaires était associé à une augmentation de la mortalité et de la fibrose rénale et cardiaque lorsque les souris survivant au sepsis étaient exposées à l'angiotensine-2. Nos résultats suggèrent que les macrophages pourraient jouer un rôle dans la réparation inadaptée observée après le sepsis, ce qui en ferait une cible thérapeutique potentielle chez les patients survivants.Sepsis is a life-threatening condition affecting each year an estimated 49 million people and causing 11 million deaths. Short term mortality of sepsis has substantially improved during the past decades and is still improving. Awareness regarding long-term consequences of sepsis, after ICU discharge, is rising. Sepsis survivors face an increased risk of developing organ failure such as chronic kidney disease or heart failure. While numerous studies investigated the early immune mechanisms involved during sepsis, the pathophysiology of those long-term phenomenon has been poorly investigated. Here we showed that sepsis causes transient organ failure but induces an increase of tissue macrophages. Fate mapping study show that the rise in macrophages numbers is mainly due to recruited monocyte-derived macrophages. scRNAseq analyses of heart and kidney show that monocyte-derived macrophages have a distinct transcriptomic signature with proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic features. This change in tissue macrophages landscape is associated with an increase in mortality and tissue fibrosis when septic mice are undergoing an angiotensin-2 challenge. Our findings suggest that macrophages stem sepsis-induced altered organ repair and could represent a therapeutic target in order to ameliorate septic patient long-term outcomes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Early mobilisation of patients admitted to intensive care for subarachnoid haemorrhage : impact on functional outcome
No full textL'hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne (HSA) représente environ 5% des accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Les patients atteints d'HSA sont admis en réanimation pour leur prise en charge et la surveillance d'éventuelles complications, tels que le vasospasme artériel cérébral, pouvant aggraver leur état neurologique. Comme tous les patients hospitalisés en réanimation, ils sont susceptibles de développer des complications liées au décubitus prolongé qui peuvent être cardiovasculaires, respiratoires, musculosquelettiques, cutanées, vésico-sphinctériennes ou encore psychosociales. La mobilisation précoce des patients de réanimation a entre autres pour objectifs de prévenir ces complications, d'améliorer l'indépendance fonctionnelle et la qualité de vie des patients. Si la littérature décrit largement les bénéfices de la mobilisation précoce chez les patients de réanimation, peu d'études ont porté sur la mobilisation des patients atteints d'HSA. Bien souvent, la crainte de modifier les débits sanguins cérébraux lors de la mobilisation, et ainsi d'entraîner des complications neurologiques favorise l'alitement de ces patients. Pourtant, il n'y a pas à ce jour de preuves que cela soit nécessaire, et plusieurs études observationnelles ou contrôlées non randomisées suggèrent que des protocoles de mobilisation précoce peuvent être mis en place de façon sécuritaire et être bénéfiques pour les patients atteints d'HSA. En 2023, les nouvelles recommandations de l'American Heart Association/American Stroke Association préconisent la mise en place d'un protocole de mobilisation précoce pour améliorer le pronostic fonctionnel de ces patients. Dans notre travail, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la sécurité de la mobilisation précoce de ces patients, et son impact sur le pronostic fonctionnel. Pour y répondre, nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective investiguant le lien entre mobilisation hors-du-lit précoce et indépendance fonctionnelle à trois mois. Nos résultats suggèrent que la mobilisation hors-du-lit précoce est associée favorablement à l'indépendance fonctionnelle à trois mois, et n'est pas associée à une augmentation du risque de vasospasme artériel cérébral. Puis, nous avons réalisé une enquête nationale portant sur les pratiques de mobilisation des services prenant en charge les patients atteints d'HSA, et les obstacles potentiels limitant la mobilisation. Nous avons montré une forte hétérogénéité des pratiques, associée à l'absence de protocole de mobilisation dans 90% des services interrogés. Nous avons ensuite procédé à une revue systématique avec méta-analyse concernant la mobilisation des patients atteints d'une HSA, ses modalités, son efficacité et sa sécurité. Cette revue met en évidence une grande hétérogénéité dans les modalités de mobilisation évaluées. Malgré cela, la mobilisation précoce n'est pas associée à une augmentation de la fréquence des événements indésirables et elle est susceptible d'améliorer le pronostic fonctionnel des patients. Ces différents travaux nous ont permis de montrer que les pratiques de mobilisation des patients atteints d'HSA sont hétérogènes et qu'il n'existe à ce jour aucun consensus concernant les modalités optimales de mobilisation. Il semblerait cependant que la mise en place d'un protocole de mobilisation précoce soit sécuritaire et soit associée à une amélioration du statut fonctionnel de ces patients. Un essai contrôlé randomisé est nécessaire pour confirmer ces résultats et définir les modalités optimales de mobilisation des patients atteints d'HSA.Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) accounts for around 5% of strokes. Patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage are admitted to the intensive care unit for management and monitoring of any complications, such as cerebral arterial vasospasm, which may worsen their neurological condition. Like all patients admitted to intensive care, they are likely to develop complications related to prolonged decubitus, which may be cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, skin, bladder and bowel or psychosocial. One of the aims of early mobilisation of intensive care patients is to prevent these complications and improve patients' functional independence and quality of life. While the literature largely describes the benefits of early mobilisation for intensive care patients, few studies have focused on mobilisation for patients with SAH. Very often, the fear of altering cerebral blood flow during mobilisation, and thus leading to neurological complications, favours bed rest for these patients. However, to date there is no evidence that this is necessary, and several observational or non-randomised controlled studies suggest that early mobilisation protocols can be implemented safely and be beneficial for patients with SAH. In 2023, the new recommendations of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association advocate the implementation of an early mobilisation protocol to improve the functional outcome of these patients. In our work, we investigated the safety of early mobilisation of these patients, and its impact on functional outcome. To answer these questions, we conducted a retrospective study investigating the link between early out-of-bed mobilisation and functional independence at three months. Our results suggest that early out-of-bed mobilisation is favourably associated with functional independence at three months, and is not associated with an increased risk of cerebral arterial vasospasm. We then carried out a national survey of the mobilisation practices of services caring for patients with SAH, and the potential obstacles limiting mobilisation. We found that practices varied widely, and that 90% of the departments surveyed had no mobilisation protocol. We then carried out a systematic review with meta-analysis of mobilisation of patients with SAH, its methods, effectiveness and safety. This review showed that there was considerable heterogeneity in the mobilisation methods evaluated. Despite this, early mobilisation is not associated with an increase in the frequency of adverse events and is likely to improve patients' functional ouctome. These various studies have enabled us to show that mobilisation practices for patients with SAH are heterogeneous and that there is currently no consensus on the optimal mobilisation methods. However, it would appear that the implementation of an early mobilisation protocol is safe and is associated with an improvement in the functional outcome of these patients. A randomised controlled trial is needed to confirm these results and define the optimal mobilisation modalities for patients with SAH
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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