4,282 research outputs found
ANALISIS TINDAKAN DAN DAMPAK IJIME DALAM FILM RIRI SHU-SHU NO SUBETE (ALL ABOUT LILY CHOU-CHOU)
Full text linkANALISIS TINDAKAN DAN DAMPAK IJIME DALAM FILM RIRI SHU-SHU NO SUBETE (ALL ABOUT LILY CHOU-CHOU) - Ijime, Riri, Shu shu no , Subet
A comparative study of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity in the retina of dolphin and several other mammalian species.
No full text
Draft toxicological profile for JP-5, JP-8, and jet A fuels
Full text linkA Toxicological Profile for JP-5 and JP-8 was released in 1998. This present edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile.Chemical manager(s)/author(s): John Risher, Obaid Faroon, ATSDR, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Atlanta, GA; Fernando Llados, Lisa Ingerman, Mario Citra, SRC, Inc., North Syracuse, NY
Toxicological Effects of JP-8 Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures on Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
No full textJP-8為由超過228種脂肪族與芳香族碳氫化合物所組成之噴射機主要燃料用油。研究指出JP-8對人類表皮角質細胞（human epidermal keratinocytes，HEK）具有細胞毒性且可引發前炎症反應相關細胞素之釋放。由於JP-8成分複雜，毒理作用廣泛，近年來有研究個別成分毒理作用之報告，顯示脂肪族與芳香族此兩種主要成份對HEK的毒性機制並不相同。當兩種成分混和，芳香族對HEK毒性大幅下降。推測各成分之間應有交互作用調控。為了解JP-8主要成份間的交互作用，實驗將JP-8中脂肪族與芳香族主要成分各分成五組，分別為高、中和低細胞毒性三組及刺激IL-8釋放量強與弱二組，分組進行交叉實驗並利用HEK存活率及IL-8釋放量，分別作為細胞毒性及誘發細胞產生前炎症反應能力的指標。結果顯示單就脂肪族成分混和時，單一去除細胞毒性較強的成分或在JP-8中加重低細胞毒性成分的比例，皆有降低HEK細胞毒殺的效果。低細胞毒性組具有中和高毒性組毒力的作用，但無線性關係。單一去除C10則對HEK死亡率不具顯著之影響力，且C10在JP-8混和物中造成之毒性作用也與其他脂肪族成份相異。而若單一去除C16則造成IL-8釋放量大幅上升，故C16可能為重要抑制HEK產生前炎症反應之成份。此外，提高JP-8中脂肪族成份的比例，達5及10倍時，呈現抑制IL-8釋放量的現象。而在JP-8中加入不同比例之同一芳香族成分對細胞毒性及刺激IL-8釋放量可隨添加倍數呈現刺激或抑制等不同之影響。實驗中亦發現脂肪族與芳香族成分間有相互降低細胞毒性的能力，且以芳香族的成分則對脂肪族中可高度刺激IL-8釋放組的拮抗作用最強。綜而言之，JP-8中脂肪族成分為刺激細胞產生前炎症反應的主要因子，而芳香族成分則對細胞毒殺較有決定性的影響。兩主要成份間同時存有多種協同及拮抗作用，其中部分與碳數成規律相關。JP-8中各成份可因其在JP-8中之比例不同，進而循不同之細胞毒性機制，造成細胞不同反應。本實驗結果將有助於在不大幅影響JP-8機械表現之前提下，為發展出一皮膚毒性更低之燃料用油提供必要資訊。Jet Fuel are complex mixture of aliphatic (ALI) and aromatic (ARO) hydrocarbons that vary significantly in individual cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activities to human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). The toxicological interactions among those individual ALI and ARO hydrocarbons were not clear. In order to delineate the toxicological effects, ALI and ARO hydrocarbons were each grouped into 5 categories (high, medium and low cytotoxic, and strong and weak IL-8 inductive) and assessed for their mixture effects on HEK mortality and IL-8 release. The results showed that when individual hydrocarbons were mixed, their toxicities changed and could not be all predictable by their individual cytotoxicity and ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine IL-8. In addition, we also found some synergistic and antagonistic effects among those mixtures, but few of them were associated with hydrocarbon chain length. Overall, middle ranged ALI component (C10-C12) are likely the most important hydrocarbons dictating HEK toxicity while C14-C16 may be the most important component in composing a less dermatotoxic fuel. The importance of ARO components in JP-8 seemed to be well below that of ALI components in terms of dermatotoxicity. The information provided in this dissertation should be beneficial to the development of a safer fuel with less dermatotoxicity.中文摘要
英文摘要
目次
表次
圖次
壹、緒言
貳、文獻探討
一、皮膚之功能及構造
1. 功能
2. 結構
a. 表皮
b. 真皮
c. 皮下組織
二、皮膚對化學刺激之反應及炎症(inflammation)之發生
三、介白素-8 (interleukin-8，IL-8)
1. IL-8基因表現之機制
2. IL-8受體
四、噴射機燃料油(Jet Fuel)
五、噴射機燃料油對生物體之影響
1. 噴射機燃料油對非皮膚系統之影響
a. 腸胃系統
b. 心血管系統
c. 生殖系統
d. 肝臟
e. 呼吸系統
f. 泌尿系統
g. 神經系統
h. 免疫系統
i. 致癌性
2. 噴射機燃料油對皮膚系統之影響
a. 以活體動物實驗探討噴射機燃料油對皮膚之影響
b. 以體外實驗探討噴射機燃料油對皮膚之影響
c. 噴射機燃料油主要成分對HEK之細胞毒性
(1) 脂肪族成份之細胞毒性
(2) 芳香族成份之細胞毒性
d. 噴射機燃料油對刺激HEK釋放IL-8之影響
(1) 脂肪族成份對HEK釋放IL-8之影響
(2) 芳香族成份對HEK釋放IL-8之影響
參、材料方法
一、細胞培養
二、處理組樣品混合方式
1. 單一或多重去除脂肪族成分
2. JP-8中增加個別脂肪族與芳香族成分之比例
3. 交互混合不同細胞毒性及刺激IL-8釋放量能力之脂肪族
和芳香族成分
三、細胞處理方式
四、HEK細胞相對死亡率之測定
五、HEK IL-8分泌量之測定
六、統計
肆、結果
一、單一或多重去除脂肪族成分
二、JP-8中增加個別脂肪族與芳香族成分比例
三、交互混合不同細胞毒性及刺激IL-8釋放能力之脂肪族和芳香族成分
1. 混合不同毒力脂肪族成分
2. 混合不同毒力之脂肪族與芳香族成份
3. 混合不同毒力脂肪族及不同IL-8 刺激能力之芳香族成份
4. 混合IL-8刺激能力不同之脂肪族與不同毒力組芳香族成
份
5. 混合刺激HEK釋放IL-8能力不同之脂肪族與芳香族成份
伍、討論
一、單一去除脂肪族成份
二、混合不同細胞毒性之脂肪族成分
三、交互混合不同細胞毒性及刺激IL-8釋放能力之脂肪族和芳香族成分
四、JP-8中增加個別脂肪族成分比例
五、JP-8中增加個別芳香族成分比例
六、總結
陸、參考文
Shock tube study of JP-10 ignition delay time
No full textJP-10 (exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene, C10H16) ignition delay times were measured in a preheated shock tube. The vapor pressures of the JP-10 were measured directly by using a high-precision vacuum gauge, to remedy the difficulty in determining the gaseous concentrations of heavy hydrocarbon fuel arising from the adsorption on the wall in shock tube experiments. The whole variation of pressure and emission of the OH or CH radicals were observed in the ignition process by a pressure transducer and a photomultiplier with a monochromator. The emission of the OH or CH radicals was used to identify the time to ignition. Experiments were performed over the pressure range of 151-556 kPa, temperature range of 1000-2100 K, fuel concentrations of 0.1%-0.55% mole fraction, and stoichiometric ratios of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. The experimental results show that for the lower and higher temperature ranges, there are different dependency relationships of the ignition time on the temperature and the concentrations of JP-10 and oxygen
Dynamics of Network Formation Processes in the Co-Author Model
Full text linkThis article studies the dynamics in the formation processes of a mutual consent network in game theory setting: the Co-Author Model. In this article, a limited observation is applied and analytical results are derived. Then, 2 parameters are varied: the number of individuals in the network and the initial probability of the links in the network in its initial state. A simulation result shows a finding that is consistent with an analytical result for a state of equilibrium while it also shows different possible equilibria.Dynamics, Network, Game Theory, Model,Simulation, Equilibrium, Complexity
VALEUR NUTRITIVE DE LUZERNE ARBORESCENTE, DE CHOU, ET DE SEIGLE HERBACÉ, EN CUNICULTURE BIOLOGIQUE
No full textInternational audienceThe development of organic rabbit farming (AB) or with access to grassland is limited by the lack of technicalreferences, particularly on the ingestion of grazed plants and their nutritional value. Three trials were conductedwith two groups of 5 rabbits (80 days old) each housed in individual movable cages on pasture, fed ad libitum witheither the studied forage or with the forage and a pelleted feed. Three green forages were studied: tree alfalfa, rye(grass stage) and cabbage. An additional group (Control) received only the pelleted feed. During the adaptationperiod (7 days) the cages were moved daily, and then remained fixed during the digestibility measurement period(4 days), where a board was installed under the cage to perform a total faeces collection. The gross intake (fresh)of alfalfa averaged 240 g/d (90 g DM/d), while that of cabbage reached 664 g gross intake (96 g DM/d), and thatof grass rye reached 411 g/d (56 g DM/d). The protein digestibility of the three green forages distributed aloneexceeds 80%. Energy digestion is very high for cabbage (86.7%), high for alfalfa (76.2%), but moderate for rye(61.8%). The concentration of digestible protein and energy is: 37 g DP/kg fresh and 4.68 MJ ED/kg for treealfalfa; 23 g DP/kg and 1.75 MJ ED/kg fresh for cabbage, and 31 g DP/kg and 1.34 MJ ED/kg fresh for grass rye.The nutritive value of other forages or feedstuffs should be measured, in order to constitute feed tables for grazingrabbitsLe développement de la cuniculture biologique (AB) ou avec accès à une prairie est limité par le manque de références techniques, notamment sur l'ingestion de végétaux pâturés et leur valeur nutritive. Trois essais ont été conduits avec chacun deux groupes de 5 lapins (80 jours d'âge) logés en cage individuelle mobile au pâturage, nourris à volonté, avec soit le fourrage étudié, soit avec le fourrage et un aliment complémentaire granulé. Trois fourrages verts sont étudiés: la luzerne arborescente, le seigle herbacé et le chou. Un groupe supplémentaire (Témoin) a reçu seulement l'aliment complet granulé. En période d'adaptation au fourrage (7 jours) les cages sont déplacées quotidiennement, puis restent fixes en période de mesure de la digestibilité (4 jours), où une planche est installée sous la cage afin d'effectuer une collecte totale des fèces. L'ingestion brute (frais) de luzerne est en moyenne de 240g/j (90 g MS/j), alors que celle du chou atteint 664g d'ingéré brut (96 g MS/j), et celle du seigle herbacé atteint 411 g/j (56 g MS/j). La digestibilité des protéines des trois fourrages verts distribués seuls dépasse 80%. La digestion de l'énergie est très élevée pour le chou (86,7%), forte pour la luzerne (76,2%), mais modérée pour le seigle (61,8%). La concentration en protéines digestibles et en énergie sont de : 37 g PD/kg frais et 4,68 MJ DE/kg pour la luzerne arborescente; de 23 g PD/kg et 1,75 MJ DE/kg frais pour le chou, et de 31 g PD/kg et 1,34 MJ DE/kg frais pour le seigle herbacé. La valeur nutritive d'autres aliments fourragers devrait être mesurées, pour constituer de véritables tables d'alimentation fourragère pour le lapin au pâturage
VALEUR NUTRITIVE DE LUZERNE ARBORESCENTE, DE CHOU, ET DE SEIGLE HERBACÉ, EN CUNICULTURE BIOLOGIQUE
No full textInternational audienceThe development of organic rabbit farming (AB) or with access to grassland is limited by the lack of technicalreferences, particularly on the ingestion of grazed plants and their nutritional value. Three trials were conductedwith two groups of 5 rabbits (80 days old) each housed in individual movable cages on pasture, fed ad libitum witheither the studied forage or with the forage and a pelleted feed. Three green forages were studied: tree alfalfa, rye(grass stage) and cabbage. An additional group (Control) received only the pelleted feed. During the adaptationperiod (7 days) the cages were moved daily, and then remained fixed during the digestibility measurement period(4 days), where a board was installed under the cage to perform a total faeces collection. The gross intake (fresh)of alfalfa averaged 240 g/d (90 g DM/d), while that of cabbage reached 664 g gross intake (96 g DM/d), and thatof grass rye reached 411 g/d (56 g DM/d). The protein digestibility of the three green forages distributed aloneexceeds 80%. Energy digestion is very high for cabbage (86.7%), high for alfalfa (76.2%), but moderate for rye(61.8%). The concentration of digestible protein and energy is: 37 g DP/kg fresh and 4.68 MJ ED/kg for treealfalfa; 23 g DP/kg and 1.75 MJ ED/kg fresh for cabbage, and 31 g DP/kg and 1.34 MJ ED/kg fresh for grass rye.The nutritive value of other forages or feedstuffs should be measured, in order to constitute feed tables for grazingrabbitsLe développement de la cuniculture biologique (AB) ou avec accès à une prairie est limité par le manque de références techniques, notamment sur l'ingestion de végétaux pâturés et leur valeur nutritive. Trois essais ont été conduits avec chacun deux groupes de 5 lapins (80 jours d'âge) logés en cage individuelle mobile au pâturage, nourris à volonté, avec soit le fourrage étudié, soit avec le fourrage et un aliment complémentaire granulé. Trois fourrages verts sont étudiés: la luzerne arborescente, le seigle herbacé et le chou. Un groupe supplémentaire (Témoin) a reçu seulement l'aliment complet granulé. En période d'adaptation au fourrage (7 jours) les cages sont déplacées quotidiennement, puis restent fixes en période de mesure de la digestibilité (4 jours), où une planche est installée sous la cage afin d'effectuer une collecte totale des fèces. L'ingestion brute (frais) de luzerne est en moyenne de 240g/j (90 g MS/j), alors que celle du chou atteint 664g d'ingéré brut (96 g MS/j), et celle du seigle herbacé atteint 411 g/j (56 g MS/j). La digestibilité des protéines des trois fourrages verts distribués seuls dépasse 80%. La digestion de l'énergie est très élevée pour le chou (86,7%), forte pour la luzerne (76,2%), mais modérée pour le seigle (61,8%). La concentration en protéines digestibles et en énergie sont de : 37 g PD/kg frais et 4,68 MJ DE/kg pour la luzerne arborescente; de 23 g PD/kg et 1,75 MJ DE/kg frais pour le chou, et de 31 g PD/kg et 1,34 MJ DE/kg frais pour le seigle herbacé. La valeur nutritive d'autres aliments fourragers devrait être mesurées, pour constituer de véritables tables d'alimentation fourragère pour le lapin au pâturage
Expression profiling of human epidermal keratinocyte response following 1-minute JP-8 exposure
No full textThe cDNA microarray analysis of 9600 expressed sequence tags was performed to examine the gene expression changes in human epidermal keratinocytes after 1-minute JP-8 exposure, 151 genes were identified as JP-8 responsive and classified into 8 clusters by self organization map. Genes involved in basal transcription and translations were up-regulated, whereas genes related to DNA repair, metabolism, and keratin were mostly down-regulated. Genes encoded for growth factors, apoptosis, signal transduction, and adhesion were also altered. These results indicated that human keratinocyte responds to a single dose of JP-8 insult and revealed several cellular processes previously not associated with jet fuel exposure
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