1,721,045 research outputs found
<i>Chop</i> gene and protein expressions in the hippocampus isolated from wild type and <i>chop</i> knockout mice.
No full text<p><i>Chop</i> genome typing and protein expression in the hippocampus isolated from C57BL/6J mice and <i>chop</i>−/− mice 1 day after intracerebroventricular injection of tunicamycin (0.1 and 1 mg/ml) were detected by the PCR (A) and Western blotting (B), respectively. Representative images of three independent experiments are shown.</p
Identification of mtUPR response element in <i>chop</i> promoter.
No full text<p>(A) and (B): <i>Chop</i> is transcriptionally activated by mtUPR. COS-7 cells co-transfected with empty vector or OTCΔ were assayed for GFP (A) or luciferase (B) 32 h after transfection. (C): identification of an mtUPR element in the <i>chop</i> promoter was determined by a deletion analysis as shown. Deletions are shown as distance (bp) from the <i>chop</i> transcription start site. The fold activation of the promoter constructs in cells transfected with OTCΔ (slash bars) are compared with vector controls (open bars) as relative luciferase (RLU) activity. RLU activity of the promoter constructs in cells treated with or without 2 µg/ml tunicamycin (TM), to produce erUPR is shown as a control. Data represents the mean±SEM from experiments performed in triplicate.</p
<i>Chop</i>−/− animals are resistant to DEN-induced tumorigenesis.
No full text<p>(A) A single injection of DEN induces liver tumors in wild-type and <i>Chop</i>−/− mice. 15 d.o. wild-type (n = 24) and <i>Chop</i>−/− (n = 28) male mice were injected i.p. with 25 mg/kg DEN or PBS (n = 3 per genotype) and aged to 9 months. Liver sections were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Histology of representative uninvolved tissue (i.e., tumor-free), nodules, and large tumors from both genotypes is shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (B) DEN treatment induces eIF2α phosphorylation. Total and phosphorylated eIF2α were detected by immunoblot in normal liver and tumor tissue from wild-type animals. Each lane represents a separate animal. Hairline indicates electronic splicing of non-contiguous lanes, which were taken from the same exposure and processed identically. * represents a nonspecific band. (C) eIF2α target genes are upregulated in tumors from DEN-treated mice. The indicated mRNAs were quantitated by qRT-PCR as in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003937#pgen-1003937-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> from large tumors of DEN-injected wild-type animals (n = 3), compared against normal liver tissue from PBS-injected wild-type animals (n = 3). Error bars represent means +/− S.D.M. (D–F) Fewer and smaller tumors in <i>Chop</i>−/− mice. (D) Surface nodules were counted from the animals described in (A) above, blinded to genotype. P-value was calculated by Asymptotic Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. (E) Smaller tumors in <i>Chop</i>−/− mice. Average cross-sectional area of nodules from H&E-stained liver slices of animals from (A) was determined using Image J, and is shown here +/− S.E.M. p-value was calculated by two-tailed student's t-test. (F) Representative liver photos derived from either wild-type or <i>Chop</i>−/− mice from (A) are shown. CHOP immunostaining was observed in all tumors or nodules from wild-type animals for which it was examined. PBS-injected animals of both genotypes were tumor-free (unpublished data) (G) CHOP induced by DEN is detected by immunohistochemistry. CHOP expression in liver sections derived from either wild-type or <i>Chop</i>−/− mice from (A) is shown by IHC, with a hematoxylin counterstain.</p
Computationally identified miR-615-3p binding site in <i>Chop</i> mRNA.
No full text<p>(A) Schematic representation of the sequence for mouse <i>Chop</i> mRNA showing a section of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and the mmu-miR-615-3p sequence below. The 7-mer binding site is depicted by the solid lines at the 3′ end of the <i>Chop</i> mRNA. (B) Sequence of a section of the human 3′UTR of the <i>CHOP</i> mRNA, with the potential mir-615-3p binding site is depicted. For each binding site, the sequence alignment is shown as well as a schematic line diagram of the predicted complementary regions and bulges. The predicted minimum free energy (mfe) is depicted. Preferences were set to allow G:U wobble bases within the alignment; these are indicated in the figure.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
<i>Chop</i> and <i>c/ebp</i>β promoters contain AP-1 sites and are inducible by mtUPR.
No full text<p>(A) Nucleotide sequence alignment of the mammalian <i>chop</i> promoters (−278 to −222) from human, bovine, mouse and rat. Bold letters show the highly conserved bases of the AP-1 site and the asterisks show the highly conserved sequence surrounding the AP-1 site in <i>chop</i> promoters. The position of the putative novel element of N 30 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000835#pone.0000835-Xie1" target="_blank">[18]</a> is shown in the box. (B): Nucleotide sequences of mammalian <i>c/ebp</i>β promoter region around AP-1 site (Human, Mouse, and Rat) is compared with the <i>chop</i> promoter sequence (−278 to −233). The numbers refer to the distance from transcription initiation site of human <i>chop</i> or human, mouse, and Rat <i>c/ebp</i>β. The asterisks indicate the conserved nucleotides around the AP-1 site. (C): C/EBPβ expression in response to mtUPR. Extracts from cells transfected with vector or OTCΔ were subjected to western blotting and probed with antibodies against C/EBPβ and tubulin as control and show that C/EBPβ, like CHOP is induced by expression of OTCΔ.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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