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부분체중부하보행(Partial weight bearing gait)의 운동학적 분석
No full textPartial Weight Bearing Gait (PWBG) is commonly used method for gait rehabilitation after hip or knee joint surgery. Partial Weight Bearing Gearis emerging gait rehabilitation device for PWBG. By compensating vertical force in gait, apatient can exercise gait with less effort and do exercise of low limb muscle not for maintaining gait ability. However, quantitative research how much weight should be compensated, how much joint force, moment and muscle force weight bearingaffects, about change of trajectory change according to weight bearing are not sufficiently especially mobile PWBG on overgound not on treadmill. Even though there are quantitative research for PWBG, most of them studied on the treadmill. In this paper, trajectory changes of center of mass, knee and ankle joint, joint force (hip, knee, ankle), joint moment (hip, knee, ankle), ground reaction force using VICON and muscle force (rectus femoris, tibia anterior, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris) using OpenSimas degree of weight bearing changes are presented in wheel type PWBG and suggest various guide line of weight bearing depending on patient situation. ⓒ 2017 DGIST1. Introdcution 1 --
1. 1 Partial weight bearing gait and previous research 1 --
1.2 Research contents and goal 2 --
2. Theory 3 --
2.1 VICON 3 --
2.2 OpenSim 3 --
3. Experiments Design 6 --
3.1 Experiments equipment 6 --
3.2 Experiments protocol 7 --
4. Experiment Result 8 --
4.1 Trajectory 8 --
4.1.1 Center of mass trajectory 9 --
4.1.2 Knee joint trajectory 10 --
4.1.3 Ankle joint trajectory 12 --
4.2 Maximum joint force (Transverse plane) 13 --
4.2.1 Maximum hip joint force 13 --
4.2.2 Maximum knee joint force 14 --
4.2.3 Maximum ankle joint force 15 --
4.3 Maximum joint moment (Sagittal plane) 17 --
4.3.1 Maximum hip joint moment 17 --
4.3.2 Maximum knee joint moment 18 --
4.3.3 Maximum ankle joint moment 19 --
4.4 Ground reaction force (Transverse plane) 21 --
4.4.1 Magnitude of ground reaction force 21 --
4.4.2 Shape of ground reaction force 22 --
4.5 Muscle force 23 --
4.5.1 Rectus femoris 23 --
4.5.2 Biceps femoris long 24 --
4.5.3 Tibia anterior 26 --
4.5.4 Gastrocnemius medialis 27 --
5. Conclusion 28 --
6. Appendix 29 --
6.1 Harness modification 29 --
6.2 Caution for PWBG assessment using VICON 30부분 체중 부하 보행은 보행 시 수직방향의 힘을 감소시켜줌으로 수술 후 환자나 보행이 어려운 사람들의 보행 재활을 돕는다. 보행패턴을익히고관련근육을강화시킨다는점에서그효과가많은연구를통해증명되고있지만정성적인분석만이루어져있지운동학적으로정량적인분석이많이이루어지지않아재활에서기준이되는데이터가없다. 이 논문에서 가장 적합한 무게 보상 정도와 무게 보상 정도에 따른 각 관절에 미치는 힘과 모멘트, 지면반력, 근육의 힘에 대한 정량적인 분석을 운동학적 관점에서 실시하였다. 관측대상은 무게중심, 고관절, 무릎관절, 발목 관절이고 관측근육은 대퇴직근, 대퇴이두근, 전경골근, 비복근이다.
총 16명의 성인 남성을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였으며 일반 보행, 10% 무게보상, 20% 무게보상, 30% 무게보상, 40% 무게보상, 50% 무게보상을 한 상태에서 보행을 하였고 VICON을이용해운동학적변화를관찰하였고OpenSim을이용하여근육힘을계산하였다. 무게 중심의 궤적은 수직 방향으로 편심(drift)가 존재한다. 무게 보상으로 인해 수직방향으로 몸이 들리기 때문이다. 이 과정에서 보행 시 발생하는 수직 방향의 진동(perturbation)이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이를 보상하기 위해 무릎 관절이 Mid-stance 과정에서 일반 보행에 비해 수직 방향으로 상승하는 경향이 무게 보상 정도가 커질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 발목관절은 Heel-strike 직전에 무게 보상을 하면 추가적인 peak 를생성하게된다. 무게 중심과 무릎 관절의 경우 하네스와 무게 보상으로 인한 구속으로 좌우 움직임이 일반 보행에 비해 현격히 줄어 들게 되어 비정상적인 보행을 하게 된다. 발목 관절은 하네스의 구속으로 인한 좌우움직임 제한이 나타나지 않았다. 지면 반력의 형태 역시 변화하였다. Toe-off와 Heel-strike 부분의 공평한 분배 모습을 보이는 일반 보행과 달리 무게 보상이 진행될수록 Heel-strike로인한지면반력이보이는, 달리기와 유사한 지면 반력 특성을 보였다. 각 관절에 작용하는 모멘트는 일반보행과 비교해 무게보상이 이루어짐에 따라 크게 감소하였고 20% 이상 무게보상이 이루어지면 무게 보상 정도 사이에서는 큰 차이가 없었다.
대퇴직근은 무게보상이 증가함에 따라 Heel-strike 과정에서 힘이 감소하였고, Swing 과정에서 힘이 증가하였다. 대퇴이두근은 대퇴직근과 유사한 경향성을 보였다. 전경골근의 경우는 무게 보상 정도에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고 무게보상이 증가함에 따라 발생하는 힘이 약간 감소함을 보였다. 비복근의 경우는 Toe-off 과정에서 무게 보상이 증가함에 따라 발생시키는 힘이 더 증가함을 보였다. 발생시키는 근육 단련 측면에서 무게 보상 정도를 바꾸는 것은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. ⓒ 2017 DGISTMasterdCollectio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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