1,720,983 research outputs found
Longitudinal Associations Between Gut Microbiome Diversity and Emotional Well-Being
No full textObjective: While a significant link between emotional well-being (EWB) and the gut microbiome has been reported recently, their temporal relationships remain elusive. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the longitudinal associations between EWB and the Shannon Index (SI), an indicator of gut microbiome diversity. Method: The analysis focused on a dataset that collected participants' current EWB and fecal samples in both 2019 and 2022 (N = 57, 56.1% female, M-age = 52.47 years, SD = 12.65). Gut microbiome profiles were generated by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, from which SI was subsequently calculated. Results: The cross-lagged panel analysis revealed significant positive cross-sectional associations between EWB and SI in both 2019 (beta = .296, SE = 0.121, p = .014) and 2022 (beta = .324, SE = 0.119, p = .006). However, no significant longitudinal associations were found between 2019 EWB and 2022 SI (beta = .068, SE = 0.138, p = .623), nor between 2019 SI and 2022 EWB (beta = -.016, SE = 0.13, p = .899). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that emotional happiness may be associated with gut microbiome profiles at a particular time point, but they may not serve as predictive factors for each other over time. Future research is needed to establish causal relationships between them.N
Loneliness and Immune Gene Expression in Korean Adults: The Moderating Effect of Social Orientation
No full textObjective: Loneliness, the distress experienced from a perceived lack of desired interpersonal relationship, is detrimental to mental and physical well-being. One of the physiological correlates of chronic loneliness is alteration of immune transcriptional profiles, characterized by up-regulation of proinflammatory response and down-regulation of antiviral response, called conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) gene expression. Here, we examined whether the loneliness-CTRA link would be moderated by individual differences in social orientation-that is, the degree to which individuals are collectivistic versus individualistic. Method: In a sample of 152 Korean adults (aged 20 to 69, mean age = 44.64, 50% female), we examined the relationship between loneliness and blood cell CTRA gene expression as moderated by individual levels of collectivism (vs. individualism). Results: As predicted, social orientation significantly moderated the loneliness-CTRA link. Loneliness was associated with elevated CTRA expression among Koreans with high levels of collectivism (vs. individualism). In contrast, the loneliness-CTRA link was completely absent among those with lower levels of collectivism (vs. individualism). Conclusion: The current finding highlights the role that individual variation in social orientation plays in modulating the risk of loneliness on adverse health outcomes.
Emotional well-being and gut microbiome profiles by enterotype
No full textWith increasing attention being paid to improving emotional well-being, recent evidence points to gut microbiota as a key player in regulating mental and physical health via bidirectional communication between the brain and gut. Here, we examine the association between emotional well-being and gut microbiome profiles (i.e., gut microbiome composition, diversity, and the moderating role of the enterotypes) among healthy Korean adults (n=83, mean age=48.9, SD=13.2). The research was performed using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to obtain gut microbiome profiles, as well as a self-report survey that included the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The cluster-based analysis identified two enterotypes dominated by the genera Bacteroides (n=49) and Prevotella (n=34). Generalized linear regression analysis reveals significant associations between positive emotion and gut microbiome diversity (Shannon Index) among participants in the Prevotella dominant group, whereas no such relationship emerged among participants in the Bacteroides group. Moreover, a novel genus from the family Lachnospiraceae is associated with emotional well-being scores, both positive and negative. Together, the current findings highlight the enterotype-specific links between the gut microbiota community and emotion in healthy adults and suggest the possible roles of the gut microbiome in promoting mental health.Y
Association of Genome-Wide Polygenic Scores for Multiple Psychiatric and Common Traits in Preadolescent Youths at Risk of Suicide
No full textIMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youths worldwide, but no available means exist to identify the risk of suicide in this population. OBJECTIVE To assess whether genome-wide polygenic scores for psychiatric and common traits are associated with the risk of suicide among preadolescent children and to investigate whether and to what extent the interaction between early life stress (a major environmental risk factor) and polygenic factors is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study analyzed the genotype-phenotype data of 11 869 preadolescent children aged 9 to 10 years from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Data were collected from September 1, 2016, to October 21, 2018, and analyzed from August 1, 2020, to January 3, 2021. Using machine learning approaches, genome-wide polygenic scores of 24 complex traitswere estimated to investigate their phenome-wide associations and utility for assessing risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (suicidal ideation [active, passive, and overall] and suicide attempt). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Genome-wide polygenic scores were used to measure 24 traits, including psychiatric disorders, cognitive capacity, and personality and psychological characteristics. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to measure early life stress, and the Family Environment Scale was used to assess family environment. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were derived from the computerized version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. RESULTS Among 11 869 preadolescent children in the US, complete data for phenotypic outcomes, genotypes, and covariateswere available for 7140 participants in the multiethnic cohort (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 3588 girls [50.3%]), including 925 participants with suicidal ideation and 63 participants with suicide attempts. Among those 7140 participants, 729 had African ancestry (selfreported race or ethnicity: 569 Black, 71 Hispanic, and 89 other), 276 had admixed American ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 265 Hispanic, 3 White, and 8 other), 150 had East Asian ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 67 Asian, 18 Hispanic, and 65 other), 5718 had European ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 7 Asian, 39 Black, 1142 Hispanic, 3934 White, and 596 other), and 267 had other ancestries (self-reported race or ethnicity: 70 Asian, 13 Black, 126 Hispanic, 48 White, and 10 other). Three genome-wide polygenic scores were significantly associated (false discovery rate P<.05) with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among all participants: attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21; P=.001), schizophrenia (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17-1.93; P=.002), and general happiness (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96; P=.002). In the analysis including only children with European ancestry, 3 additional genome-wide polygenic scores with false discovery rate significance were associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors: autism spectrum disorder (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.31; P=.002), major depressive disorder (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21; P=.003), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21; P=.004). A significant interaction between genome-wide polygenic scores and environment was found, with genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and the level of early life stress associated with increases in the risk of overall suicidal ideation and overall suicidal thoughts and behaviors (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.35; P=.002). A machine learning model using multitrait genome-wide polygenic scores and additional self-reported questionnaire data (Child Behavior Checklist and Family Environment Scale) produced a moderately accurate estimate of overall suicidal thoughts and behaviors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.81; accuracy, 0.67) and suicidal ideation (AUROC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.80; accuracy, 0.66) among children with European ancestry only. Among all children in the multiethnic cohort, the integrated model also outperformed the baseline model in estimating the risk of overall suicidal thoughts and behaviors (AUROC, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.75; accuracy, 0.68) and suicidal ideation (AUROC, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.71-0.78; accuracy, 0.67). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of preadolescent youths in the US, higher genome-wide polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia, were significantly associated with a greater risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. The findings and quantitative models from this study may help to identify children with a high risk of suicide, potentially assisting with early screening, intervention, and prevention.Y
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
An Effective Faculty Evaluation System
No full text본 글은 서울대학교 사회과학대학의 교수연구업적 평가 시스템이 추구해야 할 목적과 그 절차에 대한 제언들을 담고 있다. 교수연구업적 평가에서 간과되고 있는 가장 중요한 사항은 평가의 목적이다. 이상적인 업적 평가는 교수들의 발전(development)을 위한 것이어야 한다. 평가 시스템이 승진과 재임용 심사만을 위한 처벌적인(punitive)목적으로만 존재한다는 인식이 존재하는 한 업적 평가 강화 노력은 저항에 직면할 수 밖에 없다. 평가의 절차는 1) 일관성 2) 전문성 3) 연속성 4) 양방향성 요소를 갖추고 있어야 한다. 특히 주기적인 평가 시스템을 도입하여 심사 대상자가 승진과 정년 보장의 기준을 충족시킬 수 있도록 도와주는 기능을 담당하여야 한다. 연구업적 평가의 기준은 각 학문 분야의 다양성을 고려하되 peer review에 의한 연구물이 핵심이 되어야 한다.
This paper discusses the purpose and the procedure of effective faculty research
evaluation system of College of Social Sciences in Seoul National University. What is
often ignored, yet most critical in discussions of faculty research evaluation is its purpose.
The most important goal of an evaluation system is to help faculty members grow and
develop their research competency, not to punish them. To obtain this goal, an evaluation
system should be 1) consistent, 2) professional, 3) periodic, and 4) participatory. It is also
important to base faculty research evaluation on peer reviewed products. Some other
suggestions are also discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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