1,720,969 research outputs found
Study of the epidemiology and ecology of anaplasmataceae (ex ehrlichiae): specification of natural hosts, identification and characterization of the pathogens ih hosts, carriers and in human in Greece and Cyprus
No full textThis is the first study that deals with the detection of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and of anaplasma sp. in general in Crete and in Cyprus. The conclusion is that pathogens exist and flourish in the two islands of Mediterranean, so much in the human population, as long as also in animals (of veterinary importance or not) and in ticks. Goats, sheep, mouflon, hares and foxes could be considered as natural hosts of anaplasma sp. in general. A. phacogyctophilum was not detected in any tick species, but it must be stated that the presence of the tick I. ricinus was minimal in Cyprus while in Crete it was not detected at all. The possibility that the pathogen is transmitted by other tick species should be examined. The present study deals with the first report, worldwide, of human infection by A. ovis that up to now was recently considered to infect animals only. For the first time we reported incidents of infection from Anaplasma spp and A. phacogyctophilum in Crete and in Cyprus. For first time, worldwide, we reported infection from A. phacogyctophilum along with Kawasaki disease. Clinicians should always consider the case of a possible infection from A. phacogyctophilum or Anaplasma sp. in patients with epidemiologic background of residence in rural regions and/or contact with ticks. The presence of Anaplasmatic DNA in ticks that were collected by wild animals, revealed an active role in the maintenance of these pathogenic in the wild and suburban circles. Nevertheless it can not be determined whether these ticks could act also as vectors of Anaplasma sp. or that they were simply infected at the duration of a blood meal and hence function as simple hosts of the pathogens. Emerging tick-borne illnesses constitute an increasing threat for humans and the health of animals worldwide and more specifically in Europe, consequently, the characterization of dissemination of the pathogens in tick species parasitising wild animals and animals of veterinary importance can provide important information on the evaluation of danger of infection from emerging pathogens.Αυτή είναι η πρώτη μελέτη που ασχολήθηκε με την ανίχνευση του παθογόνου της ανθρώπινης κοκκιοκυτταρικής αναπλάσμωσης και των αναπλασμάτων γενικότερα τόσο στην Κρήτη όσο και στην Κύπρο. Από τα συμπεράσματα προκύπτει ότι τα παθογόνα υπάρχουν και ευδοκιμούν και στα δύο νησιά της Μεσογείου, τόσο στον ανθρώπινο πληθυσμό, όσο και σε ζώα (κτηνοτροφικής σημασίας και μη) και σε κρότωνες. Οι αίγες, τα πρόβατα, τα αγρινά, οι λαγοί και οι αλεπούδες θα μπορούσαν να θεωρηθούν ως φυσικοί ξενιστές των αναπλασμάτων γενικότερα. Δεν ανιχνεύθηκε A. phacogyctophilum σε κάποιο είδος κρότωνα, αν και θα πρέπει να σημειωθεί ότι η παρουσία του κρότωνα I. ricinus ήταν ελάχιστη στην Κύπρο ενώ στην Κρήτη δεν ανιχνεύθηκε καθόλου. Η πιθανότητα το παθογόνο να μεταδίδεται με άλλο είδος κρότωνα θα πρέπει να εξετασθεί. Η παρούσα μελέτη συνιστά την πρώτη αναφορά, σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, λοίμωξης ανθρώπου από στέλεχος του A. ovis που μέχρι πρόσφατα θεωρείτο ότι μολύνει μονάχα ζώα. Για πρώτη φορά αναφέρθηκαν περιστατικά λοίμωξης από Anaplasma spp και A. phacogyctophilum στην Κρήτη και στην Κύπρο. Για πρώτη φορά, σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, αναφέρθηκε λοίμωξη από A. phacogyctophilum με ταυτόχρονη νόσο του Kawasaki. Οι κλινικοί γιατροί θα πρέπει πάντα να έχουν στην άκρη του μυαλού τους την περίπτωση πιθανής λοίμωξης από A. phacogyctophilum ή αναπλάσματα σε ασθενείς με επιδημιολογικό ιστορικό κατοικίας σε αγροτικές περιοχές ή/και επαφής με κρότωνες. Η παρουσία DNA των αναπλασμάτων σε κρότωνες που συλλέχθηκαν από άγρια ζώα, κατέδειξε έναν ενεργό ρόλο στη διατήρηση αυτών των παθογόνων στους άγριους και περιαστικούς κύκλους. Παρ’ όλα αυτά, με βάση τα στοιχεία που αναφέρονται στην παρούσα μελέτη δε μπορεί να καθοριστεί εάν αυτοί οι κρότωνες θα μπορούσαν να ενεργήσουν και ως μεταβιβαστές των αναπλασμάτων ή απλά μολύνθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια ενός γεύματος αίματος από ένα μολυσμένο ζώο και άρα λειτουργούν ως απλοί ξενιστές των παθογόνων. Οι αναδυόμενες κροτωνογενείς (tick-borne) ασθένειες αποτελούν μια αυξανόμενη απειλή για τον άνθρωπο και την υγεία των ζώων παγκοσμίως και ειδικότερα στην Ευρώπη, επομένως, ο χαρακτηρισμός της διασποράς των παθογόνων στα είδη κροτώνων που παρασιτούν άγρια ζώα και ζώα κτηνοτροφικής σημασίας μπορεί να παρέχει σημαντικές πληροφορίες για την αξιολόγηση του κινδύνου εκδηλώσεων ασθενειών από αναδυόμενα παθογόνα
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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