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The electrical, optical properties and durability of transparent conductive multilayer system
No full text학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 신소재공학과, 2011.2, [ vii, 92 p. ]투명전도막은 건물의 단열 유리, 평판 디스플레이의 전극, 전자파 차폐 재료, 태양 전지 등에 다양하게 사용된다. 효율적인 투명전도막은 높은 가시광선 투과도 뿐 아니라 낮은 면저항이 요구된다. 투명전도막의 면저항이 낮을수록 디스플레이 소자의 응답시간이 단축되고 전자파 차폐 효과가 증가하기 때문이다. 투명전도막 재료 중에서도 indium tin oxide (ITO)와 같은 transparent conducting oxide (TCO)는 우수한 전기적, 광학적 성질로 인해 널리 이용된다. 하지만 이러한 TCO 단일막 만으로는 저항을 낮추는데 한계가 있으므로 TCO층 중간에 광침투 깊이 이하의 매우 얇은 금속층을 삽입하여 광투과도의 손실을 최소화하면서 박막의 전기 전도도를 높이는 다층구조가 연구되었다. 첨가되는 금속층으로는 비저항이 낮고 가시광선 영역에서 빛의 흡수가 적은 Ag가 주로 연구되었다. 이에 따라 TCO/Ag/TCO 다층 구조를 사용하면 상온에서도 보다 낮은 면저항과 높은 광투과도를 가지는 투명전도막을 얻을 수 있다는 연구 결과들이 발표되었다. 하지만 Ag를 포함한 다층구조 투명전도막은 내구성에 문제가 제기되고 있다. 열처리 하에서 Ag의 응집이 일어나고 수분 분위기 하에서 Ag의 부식이 일어났다. Ag를 포함한 다층구조 투명전도막에 흰 반점이 형성되었으며 이는 수분에 의해 더욱 가속되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다층구조 투명전도막의 특성을 향상시키기 위해 새로운 TCO 물질과 Ag alloy를 사용하였다. 또한 열 및 수분 분위기 하에서의 내구성 저하 mechanism을 밝혔다.
TCO 물질로는 ITO가 널리 이용되고 있다. 하지만 최근 들어 indium-zinc-oxide (IZO)의 여러 장점들이 보고 되고 있다. IZO는 상온에서 증착되어도 높은 광투과도와 낮은 비저항을 가지며 표면이 부드럽고 안정된 비정질 구조를 갖는다.
본 연구에서는 IZO/Ag-alloy/IZO 다층구조 투명전도막의 전기적, 광학적 특성이 연구되었다. 광투과도 측정을 통해 IZO의 광학상수를 얻었으며 이를 바탕으로 IZO/Ag-alloy/IZO 다층막의 이론적 투과도 및 실제 측정된 투과도가 비교되었다. 또한 Ag-alloy 층의 두께와 IZO/Ag-alloy/IZO 다층구조 투명전도막의 전기적, 광학적 특성의 관계를 연구되었다. Ag-alloy 층에 첨가되는 금속 원소가 열 및 수분 환경에서의 내구성에 미치는 영향도 연구되었다. 다층구조 투명전도막의 열에 대한 내구성은 Ag-alloy 층에 금속 원소를 첨가함으로서 향상되었다. Ag 막이 열처리 되었을 때 Ag 원자의 표면 확산에 의해 응집이 일어났다. 하지만 Pd, Cu, Au 등의 첨가원소는 응집의 onset temperature와 activation energy를 향상시켰다. IZO/Ag/IZO 다층구조 투명전도막의 전기적, 광학적 특성은 85℃-85% 상대습도 (RH) 분위기에서의 수분 테스트 후 저하되었다. Ag-alloy 층의 특성 저하는 열, 수분 및 대기중의 sulfur의 복합적인 작용 때문이었다. 하지만 AgAu 층을 첨가한 IZO/Ag-alloy/IZO 다층구조 투명전도막은 수분 테스트 후에도 특성 저하가 일어나지 않았으며 10 wt% Au를 첨가한 다층막의 경우 오히려 수분 테스트 후 특성이 향상되었다. 이를 통해 Ag 층에 첨가된 금속 원소가 다층구조 투명전도막의 내구성 향상에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.한국과학기술원 : 신소재공학과
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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