32,873 research outputs found
The nomenclature of the lycophyte species Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching (Huperziaceae)
No full textIn 1982, Ren Chang Ching twice described the same lycophyte species under the names Lycopodium mingcheense (published in April; the original "minchegense" spelling being a correctable error) and Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching (published in May). Phlegmariurus mingcheensis cannot be taken as a combination based on Lycopodium mingcheense because in the original publication a different holotype was indicated and the name Lycopodium mingcheense was not mentioned. The correct names for this species in Huperzia, Lycopodium, and Phlegmariurus are Huperzia mingcheensis (Ching) Holub (basionym: Phlegmariurus mingcheensis), Lycopodium mingcheense Ching, and Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching, respectively. The recent lectotypification of the name Lycopodium mingcheense using P.S. Chiu 2069 (PE) was redundant since this specimen was clearly indicated as the holotype in Ching's original publication. The recent new name Phlegmariurus mingjoui X.C. Zhang is an illegitimate superfluous name
Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Analysis of PAT, an Acetyltransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus
No full textMeasuring and analyzing German and Spanish customer satisfaction of using the iPhone 4S Mobile Cloud service
Full text linkThis paper presents the customer satisfaction analysis for measuring popularity in the Mobile Cloud, which is an emerging area in the Cloud and Big Data Computing. Organizational Sustainability Modeling (OSM) is the proposed method used in this research. The twelve-month of German and Spanish consumer data are used for the analysis to investigate the return and risk status associated with the ratings of customer satisfaction in the iPhone 4S Mobile Cloud services. Results show that there is a decline in the satisfaction ratings in Germany and Spain due to economic downturn and competitions in the market, which support our hypothesis. Key outputs have been explained and they confirm that all analysis and interpretations fulfill the criteria for OSM. The use of statistical and visualization method proposed by OSM can expose unexploited data and allows the stakeholders to understand the status of return and risk of their Cloud strategies easier than the use of other data analysis
sj-docx-2-cho-10.1177_18632521241229954 – Supplemental material for Optimizing calibration of modern skeletal maturity systems
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-cho-10.1177_18632521241229954 for Optimizing calibration of modern skeletal maturity systems by Ryan J Furdock, Andrew J Moyal, Alexander Benedick, Feng-Chang Lin, Yajing Hao, Daniel R Cooperman, James O Sanders and Raymond W Liu in Journal of Children’s Orthopaedics</p
Indo-European vocabulary in Old Chinese : a new thesis on the emergence of Chinese language and civilization in the late Neolithic age
No full textThis study is a much expanded version of the paper I read at the XXXII International Congress for Asian and North African Studies on August 28, 1986 in Hamburg (Germany). Contents 1. Recent developments in the field of historical linguistics 2. Monosyllabic structure of Chinese words and Indo-European stems 3. Tonal accents of Middle Chinese 4. Preliminaries on the comparison of consonants and vowels 5. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of entering tone 6. Middle Chinese tones and final consonants of IE stems 7. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of rising tone 8. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of vanishing tone 9. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of level tone 10. Reconstruction of Middle Chinese vocalism according to Yün-ching 11. Old Chinese vocalism 12. Vocalic correspondences between Chinese and IE 13. Initials of Old Chinese 14. Initial consonant clusters in Old Chinese as seen from IE-stems 15. Proximity of Chinese to Germanic 16. Relation of Old Chinese to neighboring languages 17. Emergence of Chinese Empire and language in the middle of the third millennium B.C. Appendix * Abbrevations * Bibliography * Rhyme Tables of Early Middle Chinese (600) * Rhyme Tables of Early Mandarin (1300) * Word Index o English o Pinyin In 1786, just over two hundred years ago, comparative historical linguistics was born, when Sir William Jones (1746-1794) discovered the relationship between Old-Indian Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin. Since then, the emerging Indo-European philology has thrown much light on the early history of mankind in Eurasia. During the past two hundred years, many suggestions were also made in regard to relationships of Indo-European to other languages such as Semitic, Altaic, Austronesian, Korean etc., but Indo-Europeanists commonly rejected such attempts for want of convincing evidence. As to Chinese, Joseph Edkins was the first to advance the thesis of its proximity to Indo-European. In his work China's Place in Philology. An Attempt to show that the Language of Europe and Asia have a Common Origin (1871) he presented a number of Chinese words similar to those of Indo-European. In his time, Edkins' thesis seemed bold and extravagant. But today, more than a hundred years later, we are in a much better position to carry out a comprehensive and well-founded comparative study. Since the end of the nineteenth century, many Sinologists have been engaged in reconstruction of the mediaeval and archaic readings of Chinese characters. Among them, Karlgren (1889-1978) was the most successful, and in 1940 he published a comprehensive phonological and etymological dictionary entitled Grammata Serica. In the meantime, the Indo-Europeanists Alois Walde (1869-1924) and Julius Pokorny (1887-1970) were devoting themselves to the compilation of a useful etymological dictionary. The result was the Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch by Pokorny (1959) which provides a solid basis for our lexical comparisons. Soon thereafter, some Sinologists made use of the two dictionaries by Karlgren and Pokorny to compare Chinese and Indo-European words. In 1967, an unaffiliated German scholar, Jan Ulenbrook, published an article "Einige Übereinstirnrnungen zwischen dem Chinesischen und dem Indogermanischen", in which he claimed that 57 words are related. Shortly afterwards, Tor Ulving of the University of Goteborg, Sweden, wrote a review of this article framing the title as a question: "Indo-European elements in Chinese?" While working on his thesis on word families in Chinese, Ulving compiled for his own use two dictionaries: "Archaic Chinese - English" and "English - Archaic Chinese", and discovered thereby 238 Chinese words similar to Indo-European roots. In spite of this considerable number of word equivalents, however, Mr. Ulving became discouraged and, as he told me in his letter of April, 1986, has given up his researches in this field. The skepticism, common among Indo-Europeanists in regard to comparative studies with other languages, is largely based on the dogmatic opinion that only morphology is relevant but not vocabulary. Since the typology of Chinese seems to preclude a cognate relation to Indo-European, they are inclined to discard any lexical correspondences as merely accidental or onomatopoetic. Besides, prehistorical contacts and mixtures between these languages seem not conceivable, as the Indo-Europeans are supposed to have originated in Northern Europe or at best in the Central Asian steppe, thousands of miles away from East Asia. Hence, any research into a relationship between Old Chinese and Indo-European languages would be but futile from the outset. Yet there are also opposing views among Indo-Europeanists. Investigations into Germanic languages and the oldest Indo-European language, Hittite, led some of them to a critical revision of the prevailing conception about a Proto-Indo-European. Hermann Hirt (1934) for instance states: "Inflexion of Indo-European languages is due to a relatively late development, and its correct comprehension can be achieved only by proceeding from the time of non-inflexion." And Carl Karstien (1936) holds the opinion that "Chinese corresponds most ideally to the hypothetic prototype of Indo-European." Regarding vocabulary, there are striking similarities in the monosyllabic structure of the basic words. In modern German and English, all the words of everyday speech are monosyllabic and their stereotypical structure is: initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s). The same word structure is valid for Chinese as well. It is fundamentally different from the disyllabic structure of Altaic words and from the triconsonantal-disyllabic structure of Semitic words. Characteristic of the monosyllabic word structure is, besides, the complexity of the syllable nucleus, which consists of different vowels and vowel clusters in contrast to the monophthongal vocalism of polysyllabic words. Another objection raised to comparisons between Chinese and Indo-European is the existence of tonal accents in Chinese. Since most modern Indo-European languages have only expiratory accents, Chinese is considered to be a highly exotic language. Yet, even in Chinese, the use of tonal accents as a means of lexical differentiation is a result of comparatively recent development in the long history of Chinese language, the earliest monuments of which date back to 1300 B.C. (cf. Chang 1970, p.21). Unknown to Old Chinese, the existence of tonal accents was for the first time mentioned in the 5th century by Shen Yüeh (441-513). In Middle Chinese (Mch.) there were four tone categories: A P'ing-sheng 平 a level tone (which developed into Mandarin tone 1 or 2). B Shang-sheng 上 a rising tone (Mandarin tone 3). C Ch'u-sheng 去 a vanishing, i.e. falling tone (Mandarin tone 4). D Ju-sheng 入 an entering tone with a staccato effect, the word being abruptly stopped by a final consonant -p, -t, -k. (In Early Mandarin the words of this tone lost their final consonant and were distributed among the tones 2, 3 and 4, respectively according to the phonation of initials). In Middle Chinese, words of the entering tone were the only group which still preserved the final stops and therefore a close syllabic structure. So they are most appropriate for convincing comparisons with monosyllabic Indo-European word stems. The final stops -p, -t, -k of the entering tone are nowadays still extant in daily speech of several dialects in South China as well as in Chinese borrowings in Japanese, Vietnamese and Korean. As a speaker of a Taiwan dialect of Minnan origin, I could immediately identify some Indo-European stems with corresponding Chinese words. Besides, the command of Japanese and German was also a great help for this study. In the following lists I have chosen a number of Indo-European stems which are phonetically and semantically equivalent to Chinese words. Correspondences in initial and final consonants refer to the points of articulation, thus we have equations: IE labials = Old Chinese labials, IE dentals = dentals, IE l, r = dentals (cf. p. 31); Ø, i (final and medial) IE velars = velars and laryngeals, and occasionally (the so-called "satem"-forms) IE velars = dental sibilants and affricates. Regarding the manner of articulation, there are no regular correspondences between Indo-European and Chinese consonants like Grimm's law which is valid among Indo-European dialects to a certain extent. But this is not astonishing, since in Old Chinese the alternation of initials in voicing was a conventional means of creating new words from one basic form. The rules of vocalic correpondences among Indo-European dialects are quite complex. Vowels permanently change their qualities from one language to another, and from time to time within one language also, as is well known from the history of English pronunciations. Generally, the vocalism of Old Greek is taken as the standard for Proto-Indo-European. Old Chinese vowels corresponds nearly (cf. p. 30), but the details about the reconstruction of Middle and Old Chinese vocalism will be treated later (pp. 26-30). For the moment, it is necessary to notice in advance that the stem of ablauting Germanic verbs is the form of preterite or noun, rather than that of infinitive as assumed hitherto. Therefore, in some cases I must slightly modify the basic vowel of verbal stems given in Pokorny, in order to get better basis for comparison. As Old Chinese verbs were non-flexional, they might probably have preserved the original vowel the best
Chang Hsüeh-ch'êng's Idea of Chinese Historiography
Full text linkChang Hsüeh-ch’êng 章学誠 (1738-1801) was a scholar in the reign of Ch’ien-lung-ti 乾隆帝 and is famous for his peculiar idea of Chinese historiography. The author makes reference to one of his representative works Wên shih t’ung-i 文史通義. In this work, Chang tried to explain the Confucian Classics, the I-ching 易経, Shu-ching 書経, Shih-ching 詩経, Li-chi 礼記, Ch’un-ch’iu 春秋, and Yüeh-ching 楽経, as annals, whereas they had so far been considered to be books of political philosophy. However, he did not regard them simply as descriptions of historical facts, but as the records of government carried out by ideal wise politicians of ancient China.The author follows Chang’s theory on the above mentioned Chinese Classics and studies the Yüan-tao-p’ien 原道篇 and Yüan-hsüeh-p’ien 原学篇, two chapters of the book. He then refers to the attitude of a Chinese scholar under the reign of a foreign dynasty.journal articl
Using Elderly Capability in Community Empowerment Practice --- A Case Study of Bodhi Chang Ching Village
No full text[[abstract]]全球在地化的來臨，公共服務的提供不在是由政府單獨提供，而是由跨部門的形式，融合了第一、第二、第三部門，共同提供地方的公共事務，這也是治理模式的具體實現。1999年九二一震災後，社區營造策略成為災後重建工程的主要策略，菩提長青村於災後運用社區營造策略，並於社區營造過程中，運用「老有所用」此一價值理念於社區營造過程中，開創出災後永續的老人安養模式。本研究即透過「社區營造」此一觀點深入探析菩提長青村過去的營造歷程，透過長期的參與觀察為主要的資料蒐集方式，並輔以相關文獻的檢閱，希冀歸結菩提長青村的社造策略。
研究中發現菩提長青村透過活化、培力的方式，讓社區老人的活動力再現，並且投入社區營造的過程中，藉由這樣的方式，讓菩提長青村成為一個具有「生、心理兼具的健康照護」、「老人活動力再活化的終身學習」、「自立更生的休閒創意產業」及「互助的自立更生」等四種特殊的運作模式。且菩提長青村在社區營造的過程中，融入的價值理念進入社造過程中，並於不同時期發展出不同的價值理念，分別為「開源節流、老有所用、夠用就好」等三個價值理念。藉由這三個價值理念的運用，讓菩提長青村於社區營造歷程中，逐步走向永續發展的老人安養模式，為未來的老化社會提供了一種安養模式的選擇。[[abstract]]The‘Glocalization’is coming, therefore, government doesn’t singlely provide public service. The public service system cooperates with the first, the second and the third secter. After 921 Earthquake, community Empowerment has became the impowerment stragetic of 921 post-earthquake. In 921 post-earthquake, Bodhi Chang Ching Village applies community empowerment in elderly community care, and use the unique value in community empowerment practice. By the way, Bodhi Chang Ching Village initates a sustainable model of elder community care. Subsequently, the author proposed to participate community empowerment practice in order to investigate community empowerment practice of Bodhi Chang Ching Village. In addition, the author compared the literatures and collected information with official data to study the community empowerment practice of Bodhi Chang Ching Village.
The results showed that characteristics of community empowerment practice of Bodhi Chang Ching villege are an independence model of elderly community care. The local organization using elderly capability in community empowerment practice through empowerment and activation, and also useing the unique value in the practice. Actuality, Bodhi Chang Ching villege has became an independence model of elderly community care by this way. In elderly society, Bodhi Chang Ching villege provides a new choose of elderly community care.[[note]]碩
Adopting the two-branch network to video-text tasks
Full text linkThis Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-23 at 16:33.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12431 on 2018-08-31 at 17:21:14Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-23Modeling visual context and its corresponding text description with a joint embedding network has been an effective way to enable cross-modal retrieval. However, while abundant work has been done for image-text tasks, not much exists with regards to the video domain. We hope to adopt a nonlinear embedding model, the two-branch network, to the video-text tasks in order to show its robustness. Two kinds of tasks are explored, bidirectional video-sentence retrieval and video description generation. For the retrieval task, we use nearest neighbor search to get the corresponding video or text with respect to the query. For video captioning, we incorporate the two-branch network in a traditional LSTM model with an additional embedding loss term in order to demonstrate its ability of preserving a semantic structure between video and text.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Hsiao-Ching Chang, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-23 at 16:08.The student, Hsiao-Ching Chang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-23 at 16:14.Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107294
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107294
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107294 on 2020-09-05T09:15:20Z
[[alternative]]A STUDY ON ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN CHING TAIWAN (1684-1895)
No full text[[abstract]]The main purposes of the study are:
1. To understand the origin of the institutions of the elementary education in Ching Taiwan.
2. To inquire the development and changes of the institutions of elementary education in Ching Taiwan.
3. To discuss the contributions of the elementary education to the transmission of Taiwanese culture and education.
Historical method was undertaken. First-hand and second-hand ones sources were used, such as official documents, private materials, and publications.
The main findings of this study are as follows:
1. Community schools (She-sheh), charity schools (I-sheh), and private schools were the three major patterns of the institutions of the elementary education in Ching Taiwan
2. She-sheh emerged from the Yuan dynasty, I-sheh from the Song dynasty, and private school from the Han dynasty. She-sheh and I-sheh were established and sponsored by the public, but private schools did not so.
3. In Ching Taiwan, the total numbers of She-sheh were about 273, I-sheh about 83, and private schools about 1127. She-sheh played the major role before Emperor Chang-Long, but private schools took its place after Emperor Chia-Ching. As to I-sheh had much less influence than the others.
4.Compared to the formal schools, county schools and academies, private schools played a significant role in the educational development in Ching Taiwan, which importance should not be ignored any more.
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