84 research outputs found
A MARKET ANALYSIS OF DAIRY COMPACTS USING A MODEL OF DISCRIMINATORY PRICING
No full textThis article evaluates the market impacts of forming regional dairy compacts. The economic tradeoffs between dairy farmers, consumers, processors, and retailers is studied. A discriminatory pricing model is developed that solves for the manufacturing milk price. This model evaluates the market impacts of regional dairy compacts under revised federal milk marketing orders and illustrates the economic tradeoffs.Dairy compacts, discriminatory pricing, federal orders, order reform, Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization,
Bearing Fault Monitoring Using CWT Based Vibration Signature
No full textAbstractThis paper introduces a new approach for generating patterns of phenomena associated with vibration of bearing faults using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). These patterns may be used as signatures for identification of bearing faults. There are four types of bearing faults namely inner race fault, outer race fault, ball fault and cage fault. This work is carried out for inner race and outer race faults. The signatures obtained are found to be unique for a particular type of bearing fault and can be used for identification of bearing faults
Mechanical Vibrations Analysis in Direct Drive Using CWT with Complex Morlet Wavelet
No full textModern industrial process and household equipment more often use direct drives. According to European policy, Industry 4.0 and new Industry 5.0 need to undertake the effort required to ensure a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient European industry. One of the main problems of rotating machines is mechanical vibrations that can limit the lifetime of the final product or the machine in which they are applied. Therefore, analysis of vibration in electrical drives is crucial for appropriate maintenance of the machine. The present article undertakes an analysis of vibration measured at the laboratory stand with multiple dominant frequencies in the range 50–500 Hz. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) gives information about the frequency component without its time localisation. While the solution made available by the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is able to overcome the problem of FFT, it still has limitations, particularly in terms of there being a lacuna in time and frequency localisation; accordingly, the need is felt for other methods that can give a good localisation in time and frequency. In the article, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was investigated, which requires selection of the wavelet function (kernel of transformation). The complex Morlet wavelet was selected with description of its central frequency and bandwidth. CWT and STFT time-frequency localisation capabilities were compared to investigate data registered from the direct-drive laboratory stand. CWT gives better frequency localisation than STFT even for the same frequency resolution. Vibration frequencies with near-locations were separated in CWT and STFT joined them into one wide pick. To ensure a good extraction of frequency features in electric drive systems, the author, based on analysing the results of the present study, recommends that CWT with complex Morlet wavelet be used instead of STFT
Analisis Pengkondisian Fitur log-f0 CWT Emosi Netral ke Marah dan Sedih Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Autoencoder dan Seq2Seq
No full textPada tesis ini, penulis merancang arsitektur deep learning spesifik yang digunakan untuk mengkondisikan intonasi marah dan sedih dari emosi netral.Untuk melatih arsitektur,penulis menggunakan dataset Emotional Speech Database yang menyediakan data mentah berupa rekaman suara berlabel yang dibutuhkan penulis secara spesifik. Dengan data yang tersedia, penulis kemudian melakukan ekstraksi fitur log-f0 Continous Wavelet Transform (CWT) sebagai representasi intonasi. Dengan menggunakan fitur yang berhasil diekstraksi kemudian penulis dapat memandang fitur sebagai data berbasis urutan maupun data gambar bila dilakukan modifikasi. Berdasarkan natur data ini, penulis kemudian mengusulkan arsitektur Seq2Seq dan Convolutional Autoencoder untuk dilatih. Selain itu, penulis juga melatih alat ukur berupa Speech Emotion Recognition untuk melihat performa pengkondisian emosi. Semua arsitektur yang dilatih ini kemudian diuji pada tiga dataset, yaitu: ESD, RAVDESS, dan CREMA-D untuk menilai performa dan kemampuan arsitektur dalam melakukan generalisasi. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan penulis menunjukkan bahwa secara performa dan generalisasi
arsitektur Seq2Seq lebih unggul dari Convolutional Encoder.
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In this thesis, the author designs a specific deep learning architecture to condition angry and sad intonations from neutral emotions. To train the architecture, the author uses the Emotional Speech Database, which provides raw data in the form of labeled voice recordings that are specifically required by the author. Using the available data, the author then performs feature extraction of log-f0 using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) as an intonation representation. The extracted features are then viewed as either sequence-based data or image-based data if modifications are applied. Based
on the nature of this data, the author proposes Seq2Seq and Convolutional Autoencoder architectures for training. Additionally, the author develops a Speech Emotion Recognition tool to measure the performance of emotion conditioning. All trained architectures are then tested on three datasets: ESD,RAVDESS, and CREMA-D, to evaluate the performance and generalization capability of the architectures. The test results demonstrate that, in terms
of performance and generalization, the Seq2Seq architecture outperforms the Convolutional Autoencoder
A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. DURUM WHEAT AND PASTA MARKETS
No full textA quarterly, partial-equilibrium vector-autoregression model of the U.S. durum wheat and pasta markets was estimated and simulated under three trade-barrier changes that are of potential relevance for the current round of WTO agricultural negotiations: a rise in the U.S. market-clearing durum wheat quantity from increased imports; a policy- or tariff- reduction-induced decline in U.S. durum wheat price; and a tariff-induced rise in U.S. pasta product prices. In response to each shock, an array of quarterly dynamic response characteristics are examined: response reaction times, direction and pattern of quarterly responses, response durations, response multipliers, and strength of durum/pasta market interrelationships.Industrial Organization,
Slowness vector estimation over large-aperture sparse arrays with the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT): application to Ocean Bottom Seismometers
No full text16 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa427.-- This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International 223(3): 1919-1934 (2020)following peer review. The version of record [insert complete citation information here] is available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa427This work presents a new methodology designed to estimate the slowness vector in large-aperture sparse Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) arrays. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is used to convert the original incoherent traces that span a large array, into coherent impulse functions adapted to the array aperture. Subsequently, these impulse functions are beamformed in the frequency domain to estimate the slowness vector. We compare the performance of this new method with that of an alternative solution, based on the Short-/Long-Term Average algorithm and with a method based on the trace envelope, with the ability to derive a very fast detection and slowness vector estimation of seismic signal arrivals. The new array methodology has been applied to data from an OBS deployment with an aperture of 80 km and an interstation distance of about 40 km, in the vicinity of Cape Saint Vincent (SW Iberia). A set of 17 regional earthquakes with magnitudes 2 < mbLg < 5, has been selected to test the capabilities of detecting and locating regional seismic events with the Cape Saint Vincent OBS Array. We have found that there is a good agreement between the epicentral locations obtained previously by direct search methods and those calculated using the slowness vector estimations resulting from application of the CWT technique. We show that the proposed CWT method can detect seismic signals and estimate the slowness vector from regional earthquakes with high accuracy and robustness under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Differences in epicentral distances applying direct search methods and the CWT technique are between 1 and 21 km with an average value of 12 km. The backazimuth differences range from 1° to 7° with an average of 1.5° for the Pwave and ranging from 1° to 10° with an average of 3° for the SwaveWith thanks to the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad projects CGL2013-45724-C3-3-R and CGL2017-86097-RWith the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI
Monitoring localized cracks on under pressure concrete nuclear containment wall using linear and nonlinear ultrasonic coda wave interferometry
No full text44th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, PROVO, ETATS-UNIS, 16-/07/2017 - 21/07/2017Civil engineering is constantly demanding new methods for evaluation and non-destructive testing (NDT), particularly to prevent and monitor serious damage to concrete structures. Tn this work, experimental results are presented on the detection and characterization of cracks using nonlinear modulation of coda waves interferometry (NCWT) [1]. This method consists in mixing high-amplitude low-frequency acoustic waves with multi-scattered probe waves (coda) and analyzing their effects by interferometry. Unlike the classic method of coda analysis (CWT), the NCWT does not require the recording of a coda as a reference before damage to the structure. Tn the framework of the PTA-ENDE project, a 1/3 model of a preconstrained concrete containment (EDF VeRCoRs mock-up) is placed under pressure to study the leakage of the structure. During this evaluation protocol, specific areas are monitored by the NCWT (during 5 days, which correspond to the protocol of nuclear power plant pressurization under maintenance test). The acoustic nonlinear response due to the high amplitude of the acoustic modulation gives pertinent information about the elastic and dissipative nonlinearities of the concrete. Tts effective level is evaluated by two nonlinear observables extracted from the interferometry. The increase of nonlinearities is in agreement with the creation of a crack with a network of microcracks located at its base; however, a change in the dynamics of the evolution of the nonlinearities may indicate the opening of a through crack. Tn addition, as during the experimental campaign, reference codas have been recorded. We used CWT to follow the stress evolution and the gas leaks ratio of the structure. Both CWT and NCWT results are presented in this paper
Effects of watering technique and pot size on response of soybean cultivars to applied zinc
No full textEffects of two watering techniques and three pot sizes on the growth of two soybean cultivars in a soil (vertisol) of low zinc status were studied in the glasshouse. Plants responded more to applied zinc when supplied with a constant water table (cwT) than when irrigated by the more common watering-to-weight method. The cwT technique accentuated zinc response through stimulation of growth in plants supplied with zinc, not because of intensified zinc deficiency. Nodule production was also greater in cwT-treated plants than in plants regularly watered to weight. Experimental precision was not significantly different in three experiments, despite differences between them in soil quantity per pot (1500, 750 and 375 g) and plants per pot (three, two or one). The advantages of the c w ˜ system, and its use with a single plant growing in 375 g of soil as the test unit, are discussed in relation to screening soybeans for reaction to zinc deficiency
A simulation study for determination of refractive index dispersion of dielectric film from reflectance spectrum by using Paul wavelet
No full text32nd International Physics Congress of Turkish-Physical-Society (TPS) -- SEP 06-09, 2016 -- Bodrum, TURKEYIn this work, the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) with Paul wavelet was improved as a tool for determination of refractive index dispersion of dielectric film by using the reflectance spectrum of the film The reflectance spectrum was generated theoretically in the range of 0.8333 - 3.3333 mu m wavenumber and it was analyzed with presented method. Obtained refractive index determined from various resolution of Paul wavelet were compared with the input values, and the importance of the tunable resolution with Paul wavelet was discussed briefly. The noise immunity and uncertainty of the method was also studied.Turkish Phys So
Wavelet transform modulus maxima and holder exponents combined with transient detection for the differentiation of pitting corrosion using electrochemical noise
No full textA potentially powerful tool to detect and classify corrosion mechanisms is the analysis of electrochemical noise (EN). Data analysis in the time-frequency domain using, e.g., continuous wavelet transform (CWT) allows the extraction of localized frequency information, providing information on the type of corrosion, i.e., uniform or localized corrosion, from the EN signal. The CWT provides the opportunity to analyze changes in frequency behavior of EN signals over time. In the presence of transients generated by pitting corrosion that occur only during short instants of time, this is an important property. This paper introduces the combination of automated transient detection with wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) and the Holder exponent. WTMM enhances the determination of transient frequencies by indicating the ridges of a CWT spectrum. The Holder exponent, a measure of singularity of an EN signal, provides a single parameter discrimination tool based on WTMM and serves to differentiate between general corrosion and two types of pitting corrosion of stainless steel Type 304 exposed to aqueous HCl solutions of different concentrations and as such at different pH values.(OLD) MSE-
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