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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ferroportin 1 Expression reguliert das intrazelluläre Wachstum von Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, ein Bindeglied zwischen angeborener Immunabwehr und vererbter Hämochromatose
No full textGesamtdissertationHemochromatosis type 4 is an iron overload disease which is caused by
mutations of ferroportin 1 (FPN1), the only known eukaryotic iron-exporter to
date. FPN1 is a transmembrane protein that is post-transcriptionally regulated
by hepcidin. Treatment of cells with hepcidin results in internalization and
degradation of cell surface FPN1. The Q182H mutant of FPN1 appears to be
unresponsive to hepcidin and does not show the expected internalization on
exposure to hepcidin. Hepcidin is upregulated in response to iron overload,
inflammation and infection. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the
causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans, produces a severe systemic
disease resembling human typhoid fever in mice. In typhoid, pathogens survive
for extended periods of time in a host cell compartment, the Salmonella-
containing vacuole, which is segregated from the normal late endosomal
trafficking pathway. Salmonella require iron as a nutrient for survival and
for maintaining full virulence. Correspondingly, the mammalian metal
transporter Nramp1 functions in innate defense against the organism by
altering intracellular iron concentrations. I carried out experiments to test
the idea that FPN1, another macrophage iron transporter, might also be
involved in regulating the intracellular growth of Salmonella. Moreover, I
tested the idea that the Q182H mutant may differently affect Salmonella s
growth than wild-type FPN1. In this study, I used transiently transfected HeLa
cells and stably transfected J774 macrophages to evaluate the effect of FPN1
and hepcidin on intracellular growth of Salmonella enterica serover
Typhimurium. Viable intracellular bacteria were quantified by gentamicin
protection assays at 2 and 22 h post-infection. I found that increased
expression of FPN1, either in transiently transfected HeLa cells or in stably
transfected J774 macrophages, resulted in significant inhibition of bacterial
growth. Conversely, when I treated FPN1 expressing cells with hepcidin,
intracellular growth of Salmonella was enhanced. This effect was less
pronounced with the hepcidin-resistant mutant Q182H of FPN1. My findings
indicate an important role for FPN1 in controlling the growth of Salmonella
inside cells and suggest that altered FPN1 expression and function in
hemochromatosis, and possibly other iron overload states, may explain the
susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in these conditions. While
upregulation of hepcidin in response to infection is generally considered to
be protective, my observations indicate that the opposite is true for
intracellular pathogens. Hepcidin-resistant FPN1 mutations like Q182H may thus
confer an advantage to the infected host by preserving resistance to
intracellular pathogens even in the presence of elevated hepcidin. My data
provide the first molecular evidence for a possible mechanism that can explain
why the mutant variant Q182H of FPN1 persisted during evolution.Hämochromatose Typ 4 ist eine durch Eisenüberladung gekennzeichnete
Eisenstoffwechselstörung, die durch Mutationen in Ferroportin 1 (FPN1)
verursacht wird, welches das einzige zur Zeit bekannte Eisenexportprotein ist.
FPN1 ist ein Transmembranprotein, dessen Expression an der Zelloberfläche
posttranskriptionell von Hepzidin reguliert wird. Werden Zellen mit Hepzidin
behandelt, wird FPN1 vermindert an der Zelloberfläche exprimiert,
internalisiert und lysosomal degradiert. Die Q182H Mutante des FPN1 scheint
nicht auf Hepzidin zu reagieren, denn die erwartete verminderte Expression von
FPN1 an der Zelloberfläche nach Kontakt mit Hepzidin erfolgt nicht. Hepzidin
ist ein Peptid, das in Folge von Eisenüberladung, Entzündung oder Infektion
von der Leber sezerniert wird. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
verursacht Gastroenteritis im Menschen und eine schwere systemische Erkrankung
in der Maus, die dem menschlichen Typhus ähnlich ist. Bei Typhus überlebt das
Bakterium intrazellulär für einen längeren Zeitraum in einer Vakuole, die vom
späten endosomalen Stoffwechsel getrennt ist. Salmonellen brauchen Eisen
sowohl zum Überleben als auch um ihre Virulenz vollständig aufrechtzuerhalten.
Der Eisentransporter Nramp1 ist Teil der angeborenen Abwehr gegen Organismen,
indem er die intrazelluläre Eisenkonzentration verändert. In der vorliegenden
Dissertationsschrift habe ich untersucht, ob FPN1, ein anderer
Eisentransporter des Monozyten-Makrophagen-Systems, ebenfalls eine Rolle bei
der Regulation des intrazellulären Wachstums von Salmonellen spielt. Ausserdem
habe ich untersucht, ob die Q182H Mutante anders als natives FPN1 Salmonellen
reguliert. In dieser Arbeit benutze ich transient transfizierte HeLa Zellen
und stabil transfizierte J774 Makrophagen, um den Effekt von FPN1 und Hepzidin
auf das intrazelluläre Wachstum von Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium zu
evaluieren. Lebende intrazelluläre Bakterien wurden 2 und 22 Stunden nach der
Infektion quantifiziert. Meine Ergebnisse von Gentamizin-Protektions-Assays
zeigen, dass vermehrte Expression von Ferroportin das intrazelluläre Wachstum
von Salmonellen vermindert. Dieser Effekt wird durch Hepzidin revidiert. Die
Q182H Mutante des FPN1 ist resistent gegenüber Hepzidin und mindert Hepzidin s
fördernden Effekt auf das bakterielle Wachstum. Meine Ergebnisse weisen eine
wichtige Rolle von FPN1 in der Abwehr gegen intrazelluläre Salmonellen auf und
lassen vermuten, dass Änderungen in der FPN1 Expression and Funktion, wie es
bei der Hämochromatose und anderen durch Eisenüberladung gekennzeichneten
Krankheiten der Fall ist, die Anfälligkeit für intrazelluläre Bakterien
erklären. Während Hochregulation von Hepzidin bei Infektion allgemein als
Schutz angesehen wird, lassen meine Beobachtungen vermuten, dass das Gegenteil
bei intrazellulären Infektionen zutrifft. Hepzidin-resistente FPN1 Mutationen
wie z.B. Q182H können zum Vorteil für den infizierten Wirt sein, indem sie
Resistenz sogar bei vermehrtem Hepzidin gegen intrazelluläre Bakterien
vermitteln. Das ist der erste Nachweis auf molekularer Ebene, der erklären
kann, warum die Q182H Mutation von FPN1 während der Evolution persistiert hat
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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