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Investigations of Mortuary Behaviors and Cultural Change of the Kivulan Site in I-Lan County, Taiwan
No full text本論文以研究宜蘭縣礁溪鄉淇武蘭遺址出土的墓葬群為主，涉及的年代包括晚近400B.P.以及800-1300B.P.這兩個層次，研究的主要目的在透過對不同層位出土墓葬內涵的觀察，對埋藏過程進行解釋並推論出過去的埋葬行為模式與特徵。此外，除了初步介紹墓葬內出土的陪葬遺物與整體葬制、葬式之外，也進一步透過對遺址內不同年代的墓葬內涵變化說明文化變遷的觀察，並將考古學資料透過歷史文獻資料、民族學研究與文化人類學理論的整合來說明晚近200年來噶瑪蘭文化變遷的因素與內在過程。
總體而言，根據對淇武蘭遺址墓葬之葬制、葬式內容的各類項目統計獲致一些初步的行為模式，包括墓葬的埋葬地點、葬姿、整體朝向、陪葬品內容等的觀察分析，也發現不同性別、年齡的死者在埋葬行為上的異、同之處；另一方面根據這些分析，反映出近四百年來噶瑪蘭人埋葬行為、物質文化的變化，亦透露其社會文化變遷的徵兆。此外，歷史文獻中記載噶瑪蘭人的文化變遷為「漢化」的歷程，是充滿以漢人為中心的思維角度，筆者也試以考古學的觀察出發，結合人類學對文化變遷理論的說明，進一步詮釋身處社會文化變遷洪流的噶瑪蘭人所面對充滿矛盾與衝突的文化變遷過程。
※ 本論文所採用淇武蘭遺址墓葬之數據資料為筆者之初步整理，未來若與遺址報告書有出入之處當以遺址報告書為準；本論文之文責由筆者自負。第一章 導言 …………1
第一節 研究對象……………………………………………….…………1
第二節 研究動機與目的……………………………………….…………2
第三節 考古學的墓葬研究…………………………………….…………3
第二章 淇武蘭遺址綜述 ………...14
第一節 地理環境與遺址形成……………………………………………14
一、地理位置…………………………………………………………14
二、自然環境…………………………………………………………15
三、遺址形成…………………………………………………………16
第二節 區域考古沿革與歷史文獻…………………………...…………20
一、區域考古沿革……………………………………………………20
二、歷史文獻背景……………………………………………………25
第三節 遺址發掘內容簡介………………………………………………29
一、建築結構……………………………………………….…………29
二、墓葬………………………………………………………………30
三、灰坑………………………………………………………………30
四、遺物…………………………………………………….…………31
第四節 年代與文化層位關係……………………………………………33
一、遺址年代、文化層位……………………………………………33
二、文化的類緣關係…………………………………………………36
第三章 出土墓葬基本資料 ………...40
第一節 處理策略與紀錄原則……………………………………………40
一、墓葬清理流程說明………………………………………………40
二、墓葬紀錄要項說明………………………………………………41
三、墓葬發掘整理紀錄表…………………………………..……….44
第二節 研究樣本的篩選與效度…………………………………………45
第三節 墓葬的層位與空間分布型態………………………...…………47
一、墓葬的層位關係………………………………………………..47
二、文化層與墓葬層位……………………………………….……..48
三、墓葬的空間分布……………………………………..….………49
第四節 本論文研究墓葬基本資料一覽表…………………..….………56
一、分類代號……………………………………………….….……..56
二、樣本內涵要項總表……………………………………….……..57
第四章 墓葬的型態與分析 ………...61
第一節 葬制……………………………………………………………….61
一、埋葬方法………………………………………………..………..62
二、埋葬地點………………………………………………..………...62
三、埋葬次數…………………………………………………………..63
第二節 葬式……………………………………………………….……...65
一、葬具………………………………………………………………..65
(一) 上文化層……………………………………………….……….66
(二) 下文化層……………………………………………….……….70
二、葬姿……………………………………………………………….72
(一) 蹲踞葬………………………………………………….……….73
(二) 仰身屈肢葬…………………………………………….……….76
(三) 側身屈肢葬…………………………………………….……….78
三、朝向〈頭向〉與面向…………………………………………….79
四、陪葬品…………………………………………………….……….85
(一) 陶器…………………………………………………….……….85
(二) 瓷器…………………………………………………….……….93
(三) 瑪瑙、玻璃製珠飾、耳飾…………………………………….98
(四) 金屬器…………………………………………………...…….107
(五) 石器…………………………………………..............……….116
(六) 生態遺留……………………………………………...……….116
(七) 木器、編織物……………………….………………………….117
第三節 各類典型墓葬圖繪例舉……………………………………….120
一、上文化層……………………………..………………….……….120
二、下文化層………………………………………………...……….125
第四節 墓葬相關現象…………………………………………..………126
一、灰坑………………………………………………………………126
二、木柱結構…………………………………………………………127
第五章 埋葬行為的整理與觀察 .………128
第一節 埋葬行為………………………………………………..………128
一、上文化層………………………………………………...……..128
二、下文化層………………………………………………....……..129
第二節 墓葬中考古現象的變化……………………………….………130
一、上文化層早期─晚期……………………………………..……130
(一) 葬制……………………………………………………..……130
(二) 葬式……………………………………………………..……131
二、上文化層與下文化層……………………………………..……133
第六章 綜合討論與研究展望 ………136
第一節 相關埋葬儀式的歷史文獻討論………………………….……136
第二節 文化變遷的內在過程與因素…………………………….……139
一、儀式的社會意義…………………………………………..……139
二、儀式變遷的因素…………………………………………..……140
三、從文化接觸開始………………………………………….…….141
四、歷史背景………………………………………………….…….144
五、文獻的脈絡與人類學理論的呼應…………………………….147
六、加入考古發掘研究的觀察………………………………..……148
七、小結……………………………………………………….……..149
第三節 研究展望…………………………………………………………150
一、遺址本身………………………………………………...………150
二、區域性比較研究………………………………………...………150
三、結語………………………………………………………………151
參考書目 ……..152
附件1：墓葬陪葬品登錄表
附件2：淇武蘭遺址現場照
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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