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Foreign bodies causing asphyxiation in children: the experience of the Buenos Aires paediatric ORL clinic
No full textInhalation or aspiration of a foreign body (FB) occurs relatively frequently in young children. The size, shape, type and site of arrest of the FB lead to variability in the clinical picture. The present study included data from 65 cases of FB inhalation presenting over 1 year at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina, compared with information from four well-known published case series chosen as representative of other cultural and geographical backgrounds: the USA, Europe, North Africa (Egypt) and Asia (India). The mean age of children studied was 4.03 years. Injuries happened mainly at home (53 cases [81.54%]) and under adult supervision (59 cases [90.77%]). The most frequently inhaled FB was nuts, however, in contrast to previous reports, the majority of incidents involved inhalation of an inorganic, rather than an organic (food) FB. Complications included pneumonia (three cases), atelectasis (two cases) and pneumonitis (one case). No deaths were recorded. These data suggest that children play with objects inappropriate for their age, such as pins and nails, that adults may not be aware of the choking risks, and that more effort is required in educating caregivers about these risks
Foreign bodies in the ears in children: the experience of the Buenos Aires pediatric ORL clinic.
Full text linkForeign Bodies Causing Asphyxiation in Children: the Experience of the Buenos Aires Paediatric ORL Clinic
No full textInhalation or aspiration of a foreign body (FB) occurs relatively frequently in young children. The size, shape, type and site of arrest of the FB lead to variability in the clinical picture. The present study included data from 65 cases of FB inhalation presenting over 1 year at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina, compared with information from four well-known published case series chosen as representative of other cultural and geographical backgrounds: the USA, Europe, North Africa (Egypt) and Asia (India). The mean age of children studied was 4.03 years. Injuries happened mainly at home (53 cases [81.54%]) and under adult supervision (59 cases [90.77%]). The most frequently inhaled FB was nuts, however, in contrast to previous reports, the majority of incidents involved inhalation of an inorganic, rather than an organic (food) FB. Complications included pneumonia (three cases), atelectasis (two cases) and pneumonitis (one case). No deaths were recorded. These data suggest that children play with objects inappropriate for their age, such as pins and nails, that adults may not be aware of the choking risks, and that more effort is required in educating caregivers about these risks
Nasal foreign bodies: the experience of the Buenos Aires pediatric otolaryngology clinic
No full textOBJECTIVE:
The aim of the present paper is to present nasal foreign cases observed at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez in Buenos Aires, Argentina, over a 4-year period and to compare the main findings with data from other case series.
METHODS:
A prospective study was undertaken on children having inhaled/aspired a foreign body (FB), with regard to age and sex distribution, FB type, dimensions and consistency, FB location, clinical presentation, removal and occurrence of complications.
RESULTS:
A total of 1559 cases of foreign body inhalation were observed. The mean age of the children was 3.48 years (SD 1.60). Injuries frequently occurred during recreational activities: in 1154 cases (74.1%) the child was playing, while in 52 cases the accident occurred during a party. In 1417 cases (90.9%) adults were present. Children frequently (1123 cases) insert small objects with a rigid consistency in their noses, like pearls or little metal objects. In the majority of cases nasal FB injuries are due to insertion of inorganic objects (72.7%).
CONCLUSION:
Injuries are frequently due to the incorrect manipulation of objects not conceived for children use, including pins, nails, screws and floats. Batteries and magnets deserve particular mention because they require immediate treatment, as they can cause septal necrosis and perforation within hours. Unfortunately, an adult being present does not seem to be sufficient to prevent injuries, and parents are frequently unaware of the danger. The dissemination of information regarding safe behaviors could be fundamental in preventing injuries and need to be promoted by family pediatricians and health practitioners
Foreign bodies in the ears in children: the experience of the Buenos Aires pediatric ORL clinic
No full textEven if foreign body (FB) insertion in the external auditory canal (EAC) is not an uncommon event, the literature based on large series is scarce. In the present study, ear FB cases observed at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez in Buenos Aires over five years of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) activity are presented, and the main findings are compared with data coming from other well-known published case series. Three hundred ninety-two injury cases were observed. Eighty percent of them occurred while the child was playing; in 328 cases (83.7%), adults were present. The retrieved FB included food items and objects usually available at home, such as pins, while fragments of toys were found in only 2 cases. These findings testify to the efficacy of regulations imposing manufacturing quality standards on toys; on the other hand, parents seem to be unaware of the risk imposed by FB insertion, since injuries usually happen under adult supervision while children are manipulating objects not adapted for their age
Foreign Bodies in the Oesophagus: The Experience of the Buenos Aires Paediatric ORL Clinic.
No full textThe ingestion of foreign bodies causing esophageal injuries is a common event, mostly in children's population. The aim of the present paper is to present foreign body (FB) ingestion cases observed in a five-year period at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina and to compare the main findings with data coming from other well-known case series, already published in scientific literature. A prospective study on 320 of esophageal foreign body was carried out , with regard to age and sex distributions, type, dimensions and consistency, location, clinical presentation, removal and complications. In the majority of cases injuries happened while children were playing and in 85.3% adults were present. Children most frequently ingested coins (83.8% cases). Removal was performed in all cases under general anaesthesia, in 34 by esophageal forceps and in 286 cases by Magill hypopharyngeal forceps. Just one case showed complications, presenting esophageal perforation. The final results of this study show that injuries usually happen under adults' supervision and highlight that FBs involved in the incident belong to classes of objects not conceived for children's use and not suitable for their age. Therefore, educational strategies regarding safe behaviours have a key role in FB injuries prevention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Foreign bodies in children: a comparison between Argentina and Europe
No full textRATIONALE AND AIM:
Foreign bodies (FB) aspiration, ingestion, insertion or inhalation can be a serious occurrence, resulting in fatality if not promptly recognized and solved. The aim of the current paper is to present foreign body ingestion's cases observed at the Children's Hospital Gutierrez in Buenos Aires in 5 years of ORL activity and to compare main findings with data coming from other well known already published case series.
METHODS:
A prospective study was realized on children having ingested, inhaled, aspirated or introduced FBs, with regard to age and sex distribution, FB's type, dimensions and consistency, FB's location, clinical presentation, removal and occurrence of complications.
RESULTS:
FBs retrieved amounted to 2336 cases. The most common location was the nose (66.7%), where the most frequent FBs retrieved were inorganic (72.7%) and occurred in children younger than 3 years old (54.2%), the only position where children younger than 3 years are a majority in respect to the older ones. The presence of the adult was seen in the preponderance of cases (88.4%). Symptoms varied between the different anatomical systems, with cough as predominant when concerning aspiration, local pain or inflammation in inhalation and insertion, and vomiting in for the FBs ingestion cases. All the foreign bodies retrieved were clustered in categories, due to necessity when extremely various and with low absolute frequency. The most common FBs retrieved were pearls (20.2%), followed by stationery products (mostly rubbers) and coins. Complications had a low rate in all the studies.
CONCLUSIONS:
The study stresses the importance of primary prevention, seen as the active care of adults toward children manipulating foreign bodies potentially dangerous. This presence may not avoid the event, but in case of FBs aspiration, ingestion, insertion or inhalation, it could be the main factor leading to a faster and correct treatment. Prompt removal of the foreign body decreases the risk of complications, resulting in a lower length of hospitalization. Symptoms were various and differed in all the studies, showing that their wide amount indicates the importance of registries to early recognize and therefore treat a pathology that might be mistaken for something different due to unspecific signs. Secondary prevention with specific training of doctors on clinical post-trauma guidelines for treatment and active participation of doctors to the broadening of the current registries seem to be other ways for lowering the outburst of FBs injuries
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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