1,721,009 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evaluation of oil palm biomass and fast growing timber species as potential solid biofuel
Full text linkLignocellulosics have been identified as one of the renewable energy sources. The conversion process for this purpose must be flexible enough to accommodate various types of biomass. Among the numerous methods for converting lignocellulosic biomass into usable energy, direct combustion is still the dominant technology employed by industry. This work evaluates the potential variation of two lignocellulosic biomass available in Malaysia, i.e. oil palm waste and timbers from fast growing species to be utilized as solid biofuel for heat and electricity generation. The study was divided into five parts. The first part evaluates the fuel properties of oil palm biomass (empty fruit bunch (EFB) and oil palm trunk (OPT)), wood from a range of fast growing timber species (Paraserianthes falcataria, Acacia spp.,Endospermum spp. and Macaranga spp.), inclusive and exclusive of bark. These fibres were chosen because of their abundance and readily available. Heating value and ash forming elements are found to be much higher in timbers inclusive of bark than those without. On the other hand, oil palm biomass contains higher ash forming elements and lower heating value than any of the timber species. The study also suggests lignocellulosic in its raw form, is not efficient as raw material for power plant due to its high moisture content, low bulk energy density, high ash content and low ash melting temperature. The second part of the study investigates the effects of torrefaction treatment on the weight loss and energy properties of Paraserianthes falcataria, Acacia spp., Endospermum spp. and Macaranga spp. and oil palm biomass (oil palm trunk and empty fruit bunch). The lignocellulosic biomass was torrefied at three different temperatures 200, 250 and 300 °C, each for 15, 30 and 45 min. Response surface methodology was used for optimization of torrefaction conditions, so that biofuel of high energy density, maximized energy properties and minimum weight loss could be manufactured. The analyses showed that increase in heating values was affected by treatment severity (cumulated effect of temperature and time). It was demonstrated that each biomass type had its own unique set of operating conditions to achieve the same product quality. The optimized torrefaction conditions were verified empirically and applicability of the model was confirmed. For respective types of lignocellulosic biomass, the optimization experiment gave results of HHV and weight loss as follows: 27.96 MJ/kg, 10.12% for Acacia spp.; 19.14 Mj/kg, 6.17% for Paraserianthes falcataria; 27.19 Mj/kg, 13.41%, for Macaranga spp.; 19.68 MJ/kg, 8.09% for Endospermum spp; 23.08 MJ/kg, 9.55% for EFB and 23.22 MJ/kg,14.94% for OPT. These experimental findings were in close agreement with the model prediction. Torrefaction markedly improved the biofuel characteristics except for ash melting which apparently similar to the raw material and was more severe with raw material initially with problematic ash such as EFB and OPT. The subsequent study aims at studying the effectiveness of leaching on removing ash forming elements and on ash melting using water and acetic acid as the extraction agent. Leaching by acetic acid solutions removed most of ash forming elements, both water soluble and insoluble from the selected lignocellulosic biomass. Ash melting characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass under high temperature were considerably improved by both leaching treatment; water and acetic acid leaching. A model comprising leaching parameters and fuel properties for different types of lignocellulosic biomass was established. This model was later employed to predict the optimal leaching conditions for maximized ash removal efficiency without sacrificing the higher heating value (HHV). To generate optimal leaching conditions, the ash removal efficiency was set to a maximum while the HHV was set in the range of not lower than the initial HHV of the respective lignocellulosic biomass. For respective types of lignocellulosic biomass, the optimization experiment gave results of ash removal efficiency and HHV as follows: 68 %, 18.52 MJ/kg for Acacia spp.; 72%, 17.94 Mj/kg for Paraserianthes falcataria; 72%, 18.13 Mj/kg for Macaranga spp.; 81%, 18.58 MJ/kg for ndospermum spp; 85%, 18.53 MJ/kg, for EFB and 63%, 16.21 MJ/kg, for OPT. Part four of the study explores the possibility of combining leaching and torrefaction treatment to create an improved solid biofuel from lignocellulosic biomass. The focus lies on determining the effects of the combination treatments on ash removal efficiency and on ash melting characteristic of the treated biomass. Two possible pathways were implied; applying torrefaction followed by leaching and leaching followed by torrefaction. Incorporating both leaching and torrefaction treatments irrespective of sequence generated a solid biofuel with better fuel properties particularly HHV yield and ash melting temperature compared to singular treatment;torrefaction or leaching treatment. The ash yield reduction from raw biomass ranged 60 – 86%, whereas the ash yield reduction from torrefied biomass ranged 47 – 68%. Leaching prior to torrefaction proved to be a better combination. The final part of the study evaluates the effect of kaolin and calcite addition on the ash melting characteristic, heating value and ash content of the lignocellulosic biomass. The additives addition to selected lignocellulosic biomass with low ash melting temperature, i.e. Acacia spp., Endospermum spp., EFB and OPT The results show that both additives significantly improved the bottom ash melting characteristic with mixed results. Kaolin is a promising choice since it reduced the sintering degree of the ashes with the formation of inorganic elements mixtures mostly held in the ash sediments. In contrast, the presence of calcite helped to increase the ash melting temperature but at the same time induce higher concentration of fly ash in the flue gas. In general, kaolin is more effective than calcite to reduce molten or strong sintering to weak sintering or loose ash at the dose of 0.25 - 0.5 g/g ash while calcite in general require higher dose at dose equal or higher than 0.5 g/g ash. While the concentrations of additives act as a variable to increase the sintering temperature, it also had strong impacts on HHV reduction and ash content increment. In conclusion, fast growing timber species served as a better solid biofuel than oil palm biomass due to higher HHV and less ash forming elements. The high alkali metals (potassium and sodium) mainly consist in oil palm biomass was found to be one of the main factors that create slagging during high temperature combustion. Ash that is with high K/(Ca + Mg) ratio (alkali metals (potassium) to alkaline earth metals (calcium and magnesium) ratio) tend to have low melting temperature. Novelty approach by combining leaching followed by torrefaction treatment on lignocellulosic biomass was found to be able to create the optimal quality solid biofuel with low ash content, high energy density and high ash melting temperature. The ash related problematic lignocellulosic biomasses (oil palm biomass, Acacia spp. and Endospermum spp.) with low ash melting temperature during high temperature combustion can be solved by additional fuel additives; with kaolin as a better ash melting inhibitor than calcite
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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