1,720,958 research outputs found
Erratic erase in flash memories - Part II: Dependence on operating conditions
No full textThis paper presents experimental results about the erratic erase phenomena occurring in Flash Memories with the aim of providing a deeper insight into the physical nature of the phenomenon and to deepen the comprehension of charge trapping/detrapping dynamics in tunnel oxides during Fowler-Nordheim erase. The results obtained under different operating conditions as Program/Erase cycling, Ultra Violet light exposure, thermal stress and the analysis of the erratic erase behavior varying the erasing conditions and the tunnel oxide thickness, suggested also possible methods that can be used in order to reduce the erratic erase phenomena
Reliability of Flash Memory Erasing Operation under High Tunneling Electric Fields
No full textExperimental results show that the use of high electric fields during erasing of flash memories leads to a degradation of the reliability due to the increase of the erratic erase. The generation of new erratic bits during cycling has been related to the Anode Hole Injection phenomena
Analysis of Erratic Bits in FLASH Memories
No full textThis work presents experimental results concerning erratic behaviors in flash memories obtained by tracking the threshold voltage dynamics during any single erase operation and providing a deeper insight into their physical nature. The particular shape of the experimental erase curves allows the derivation of a nearly linear relationship between the amplitude of erratic threshold shifts and the equivalent barrier height controlling Fowler-Nordheim injectio
Improving performance and reliability of NOR-Flash arrays by using pulsed operation
No full textPulsed Operation (PO) is a new writing methodology based on a sequence of high voltage ultra-short pulses allowing of improving both performance and reliability of Flash memories. Measurements performed on 4Mb NOR-Flash test chips show the features of this methodology. Reliability, and in particular data retention, is shown to improve significantly for a whole array of cells with respect to standard FN writing operations that are based on sequences of box-shaped low voltage long pulses. Results show that PO allows for obtaining very compact threshold voltage distributions improving read margins and reducing the use of soft-programming techniques
Flash Memory Reliability: an improvement against Erratic Erase phenomena using the Constant Charge Erasing Scheme
No full textThis work demonstrates that the erratic erase phenomena present in Flash memories may be drastically reduced using different erasing schemes. In particular, the erratic behavior of a standard box erasing scheme (SBES) and that of the constant charge erasing scheme (CCES) have been measured and compared showing that CCES is more robust against erratic erase. Hole trapping/de-trapping properties related to the erratic phenomena reveal that hole trapping induced oxide degradation is expected to be worst for SBE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Drain-accelerated degradation of tunnel oxides in Flash memories
No full textA new technique for separating the oxide damage due to program/erase (P/E) cycling and of parasitic hot-hole injection due to bitline biasing in Flash memories is presented. The technique is based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of anomalous tail cells in the array subjected to P/E cycling. We show that electron and hole injection have different dependences on the number of P/E cycles, with the latter becoming the dominating mechanism for large cycling
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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