1,720,954 research outputs found
Les champions industriels français entre Paris et Bruxelles (1985-1995) : tensions et compromis
No full textFrench industrial policy, traditionally interventionist, was liberalized between 1985 and 1995, partly under the influence of the European Commission, in a context of the advent of the single market, liberal commissioners and market primacy. France, eager to defend its industrial champions, by providing them with substantial financial support, necessary for their development or for the safeguarding of their sustainability, found itself confronted with more restrictive European rules on state aid and the primacy of the Commission on trade policy. This thesis undertakes a study of this difficult dialogue between Paris and Brussels, adopting a transversal perspective and in-depth study of two case studies: Renault with the problem of massive state aid to a company in near bankruptcy, and Airbus with that of the trade conflict with the United States. In this restrictive context, France is torn between a certain irritation and acceptance of the common discipline of aid, which ultimately prevails. This reflects the complexity of France, both tempted by protectionism and demanding European synergies, while refusing to follow Jacques Delors in the financial efforts underpinned by the Delors I and II packages, even though it is internally divided between liberals and protectionists. This duality is reflected in Jacques Delors, an active supporter of competition policy and eager to relaunch industrial policy through increased resources with the Delors I and II packages. Similarly, Germany rejects a strong industrial policy, pushes for strict application of competition rules, but very actively supports its aeronautics industry and pushes for its restructuring during the Airbus project.La politique industrielle française, traditionnellement interventionniste, est libéralisée entre 1985 et 1995, en partie sous l'influence de la Commission européenne, dans un contexte d'avènement du marché unique, de commissaires libéraux et de primauté du marché. La France, désireuse de défendre ses champions industriels, en leur apportant des appuis financiers conséquents, nécessaires pour leur développement ou pour la sauvegarde de leur pérennité, se trouve confrontée à des règles européennes plus contraignantes sur les aides d'Etat et à la primauté de la Commission sur la politique commerciale. Cette thèse entreprend une étude de ce dialogue difficile entre Paris et Bruxelles, en adoptant une optique transversale et en approfondissant deux cas d'étude que sont Renault avec la problématique des aides d'État massives à une entreprise en quasi-faillite, et Airbus avec celle du conflit commercial avec les États-Unis. Par rapport à ce contexte contraignant, la France est partagée entre une certaine irritation et l'acceptation de la discipline commune des aides, qui prévaut au final. Cela traduit la complexité française, à la fois tentée par le protectionnisme, demanderesse de synergies européennes, tout en renonçant à suivre Jacques Delors dans les efforts financiers sous-tendus par les paquets Delors I et II, alors même qu'elle est divisée en son sein entre libéraux et protectionnistes. Une dualité qui se retrouve avec Jacques Delors, soutien actif de la politique de concurrence et désireux de relancer la politique industrielle au travers de moyens accrus avec les paquets Delors I et II. De même, l'Allemagne refuse une politique industrielle forte, pousse à une application stricte des règles de concurrence mais soutient très activement son aéronautique et pousse à sa restructuration à l'occasion du projet Airbus
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Les champions industriels français entre Paris et Bruxelles (1985-1995) : tensions et compromis
No full textFrench industrial policy, traditionally interventionist, was liberalized between 1985 and 1995, partly under the influence of the European Commission, in a context of the advent of the single market, liberal commissioners and market primacy. France, eager to defend its industrial champions, by providing them with substantial financial support, necessary for their development or for the safeguarding of their sustainability, found itself confronted with more restrictive European rules on state aid and the primacy of the Commission on trade policy. This thesis undertakes a study of this difficult dialogue between Paris and Brussels, adopting a transversal perspective and in-depth study of two case studies: Renault with the problem of massive state aid to a company in near bankruptcy, and Airbus with that of the trade conflict with the United States. In this restrictive context, France is torn between a certain irritation and acceptance of the common discipline of aid, which ultimately prevails. This reflects the complexity of France, both tempted by protectionism and demanding European synergies, while refusing to follow Jacques Delors in the financial efforts underpinned by the Delors I and II packages, even though it is internally divided between liberals and protectionists. This duality is reflected in Jacques Delors, an active supporter of competition policy and eager to relaunch industrial policy through increased resources with the Delors I and II packages. Similarly, Germany rejects a strong industrial policy, pushes for strict application of competition rules, but very actively supports its aeronautics industry and pushes for its restructuring during the Airbus project.La politique industrielle française, traditionnellement interventionniste, est libéralisée entre 1985 et 1995, en partie sous l'influence de la Commission européenne, dans un contexte d'avènement du marché unique, de commissaires libéraux et de primauté du marché. La France, désireuse de défendre ses champions industriels, en leur apportant des appuis financiers conséquents, nécessaires pour leur développement ou pour la sauvegarde de leur pérennité, se trouve confrontée à des règles européennes plus contraignantes sur les aides d'Etat et à la primauté de la Commission sur la politique commerciale. Cette thèse entreprend une étude de ce dialogue difficile entre Paris et Bruxelles, en adoptant une optique transversale et en approfondissant deux cas d'étude que sont Renault avec la problématique des aides d'État massives à une entreprise en quasi-faillite, et Airbus avec celle du conflit commercial avec les États-Unis. Par rapport à ce contexte contraignant, la France est partagée entre une certaine irritation et l'acceptation de la discipline commune des aides, qui prévaut au final. Cela traduit la complexité française, à la fois tentée par le protectionnisme, demanderesse de synergies européennes, tout en renonçant à suivre Jacques Delors dans les efforts financiers sous-tendus par les paquets Delors I et II, alors même qu'elle est divisée en son sein entre libéraux et protectionnistes. Une dualité qui se retrouve avec Jacques Delors, soutien actif de la politique de concurrence et désireux de relancer la politique industrielle au travers de moyens accrus avec les paquets Delors I et II. De même, l'Allemagne refuse une politique industrielle forte, pousse à une application stricte des règles de concurrence mais soutient très activement son aéronautique et pousse à sa restructuration à l'occasion du projet Airbus
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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