231,236 research outputs found
Knowledge Summary 22: Reaching Child Brides
No full textChild marriage affects 10 million girls under the age of 18 every year. The negative health
and social impact of child marriage include higher rates of maternal and infant mortality,
sexually transmitted infection, social separation, and domestic abuse compared with older
married women. The UN defines Child Marriage as a Human Rights violation and is working to
end this practice globally, however many girls still fall victim each year. While the importance
of ending the practice of child marriage cannot be overlooked, targeted interventions are also
needed to mitigate the negative health and development impacts. Health services can serve
as an entry point for health and social interventions to decrease the risks associated with
pregnancy and improve reproductive and child health. Health services can also facilitate
opportunities for multi-sectoral connections such as formal and informal education and
income generation to mitigate the negative impact of child marriage
Understanding child neglect
No full textChild neglect is one of the most common forms of maltreatment. Neglect is a topic that encompasses complex issues, many of which are also emerging research areas. This paper aims to provide a broad overview of these issues in relation to current thinking and to generate discussion points for practitioners, policy makers and researchers.
Key messages:
Poverty and child neglect are closely linked but not all children from poor families are neglected and children from more affluent families can be neglected.
Neglect is often portrayed as the “fault” of mothers, while failing to take into account the role of neglectful fathers. The gendered nature of “neglectful parenting” may be, in part, explained by links between single mothers and poverty.
A tertiary child protection response may not be the best way to respond to children who are being neglected—neglectful families are complex and have high needs so require multiple levels of support and resourcing. The National Framework for Protecting Australia’s Children aims to address these issues through the use of a public health model.
For many neglected children, access to resources and education to support families would minimise the effects of neglect—keeping them out of the statutory child protection system.
There is no quick, easy, “one size fits all” response to child neglect—the response must be based on careful assessment of needs and take into account the diverse nature of neglect and the compounding impact of multiple and complex needs.
Where it is necessary to provide a child protection response to neglect, an effective response is likely to be long term, resource intensive, and complex
The moderating role of maternal praise and positivity in the association between callous-unemotional (cu) traits and later aggression: a prospective study in preschool children in colombia
No full textOur previous findings in the UK and Colombia show that CU traits predict later aggression specifically among children who are already aggressive. We hypothesised that this effect would be reduced in the presence of maternal praise and positivity. In a sample of 220 mothers and children from Colombia, mother¿child interactions were coded for maternal praise and positivity, and mothers reported on children¿s CU traits at age 3.5 and aggression at ages 3.5 and 5 years. The results show three-way interactions between CU traits, child aggression and observed parenting at age 3.5 years in the prediction of later child aggression, and two-way interactions indicating a protective effect of positive parenting in the high aggressive children. Based on our finding, it is plausible that positive parenting may modify the effect of CU traits in the highly vulnerable group of children who are already aggressive in early childhood. © 2022, The Author(s)
The monitoring of the rights of the child: a child rights-based approach
No full textPhDDue to the lacunae between legal obligations to human rights and the actual situation,
monitoring is an essential component of the international and national human rights system.
Monitoring illuminates the situation of human rights commitments and ensures the relevancy
of instruments. The thesis explores monitoring in relation to the rights of the child and
submits that a child rights-based approach is essential. Monitoring should not only consider
the status and nature of child rights, but a child rights-based approach should also guide
efforts so that they improve as well as reflect and respect children's rights.
The study defines monitoring and describes a child rights-based approach. As a subject of
legal investigation, the thesis then addresses several questions. How do international and
national monitoring efforts respect child rights? How have the supervision of international
conference agreements supported child rights? Furthermore, how do different countries
monitor? National activities are examined through case studies of two Commonwealth
countries: Canada and South Africa. Then, analysis is presented about how actors interpret
and execute monitoring and the significance of different approaches. Lastly, the rationale,
challenges and existing support of a child rights-based approach are discussed. In sum, a
child rights-based approach is not generally utilised and the implications of child rights upon
the monitoring process are not yet realised. Most monitors, whether international, regional
or domestic, inadequately consider the demands of child rights upon the process of
ascertaining the situation of children's rights. Proposed guidelines are appended to support
a child rights-based approach to monitoring
The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and child cognitive development: a longitudinal study.
No full text16/01/12 meb. Publisher pdf attached ok to pub. open online.Background: Maternal depression is known to be associated with impairments in child cognitive development, although the effect of timing of exposure to maternal depression is unclear. Methods: Data collected for the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal study beginning in pregnancy, included self-report measures of maternal depression the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, completed on 6 occasions up to 3 years of age, and IQ of the index child (WISC) measured at aged 8 years. We used these data to assign women to 8 groups according to whether depression occurred in the antenatal, postnatal, preschool period, any combination of these times, or not at all. We compared a model comprising all patterns of depression (saturated model) with models nested within this to test whether there is a relationship between depression and child cognitive development and, if so, whether there is a sensitive period. We then investigated the relationship with child IQ for each model, following adjustment for confounders. Results: Six thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of 13,615 children from singleton births (49.5%, of eligible core sample) attended a research clinic at 8 years and completed a WISC with a score ≥ 70. A total of 5,029 mothers of these children had completed mood assessments over the 3 time periods. In unadjusted analyses, all three sensitive period models were as good as the saturated model, as was an accumulation model. Of the sensitive period models, only that for antenatal exposure was a consistently better fit than the accumulation model. After multiple imputation for missing data (to n = 6,735), there was no effect of postnatal depression on child IQ independent of depression at other times [-0.19 IQ points, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.5 to 1.1 points]. There was an effect of antenatal depression (-3.19 IQ points, 95% CI: -4.33 to -2.06) which attenuated following adjustment (-0.64 IQ points, 95% CI: -1.68 to 0.40). Conclusions: The postnatal period is not a sensitive one for the effect of maternal depression on child cognitive development. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
The Social Construction of the Child Sex Offender Explored by Narrative
No full textThe notion of "child sex offender" provokes aversion, but it may be that it is a social construction. We suggest that a Dominant narrative, in which child sex offenders are constructed as irredeemable, persists, despite the emergence of assumption challenging Alternative narratives. A story completion method was used to elicit themes of Dominant or Alternative narratives, theory-led thematic analysis was used to identify them. The use and analysis of narrative and free-form stories are well established in social research, but remain a novel concept in the study of offenders. The results support the persistence of the Dominant narrative with two notable exceptions. Conclusions centre on utility of the narrative method to examine offender constructions, and the pervasiveness of Dominant narratives. Key Words: Dominant and Alternative Narrative, Social Construction, Child Sex Offenders, and Thematic Analysi
Child Well-Being Index
No full textThe Child Well-Being Index is an average of factors related to child well-being in the United States. Users can download annual reports about national trends child well-being over time and the most recent Child Well-being Index.
Background The Child Well-Being Index (CWI) is a measure of national trends in child well-being over time. This measure, modeled after the Consumer Price Index, is a yearly average of the factors related to child well-being in the United States. The CWI, funded by the Foundation for Child Development, was developed with the intention of summarizing trends in child well-being and facilitating public debate about factors influencing the quality of life of American children and yout
h that need to be addressed. Topics include: family economic well-being, health, safety and behavior, educational attainment, community connectedness, social relationships, emotional and spiritual well-being.
User Functionality Users can download the PDF detailing the yearly Child Well-Being Index and the accompanying report on trends in child well-being. Users can compare child well-being by race/ethnicity, family income, gender, and age. Data Notes The CWI, which was first created in 2004, is released publicly on an annual basis. This index consists of seven domains of child well-being: family economic well-being, health, safety and behavior, educational attainment,
community connectedness, social relationships, emotional and spiritual well-being. These domains are weighted equally. Data sources include the Monitoring the Future Study at the University of Michigan, the U.S. Census, the U.S. Current Population Survey, and the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Data are released annually, with the most recent data being from 2010. The CWI was created by Drs. Kenneth Land and John Crowell, sociologists at Duke University and is funded by the Foundation for Child Development, a grantmaking organization that funds research, programs, policies, and advocacy for child development issues
Child Well-Being Index
No full textThe Child Well-Being Index is an average of factors related to child well-being in the United States. Users can download annual reports about national trends child well-being over time and the most recent Child Well-being Index.
Background The Child Well-Being Index (CWI) is a measure of national trends in child well-being over time. This measure, modeled after the Consumer Price Index, is a yearly average of the factors related to child well-being in the United States. The CWI, funded by the Foundation for Child Development, was developed with the intention of summarizing trends in child well-being and facilitating public debate about factors influencing the quality of life of American children and yout
h that need to be addressed. Topics include: family economic well-being, health, safety and behavior, educational attainment, community connectedness, social relationships, emotional and spiritual well-being.
User Functionality Users can download the PDF detailing the yearly Child Well-Being Index and the accompanying report on trends in child well-being. Users can compare child well-being by race/ethnicity, family income, gender, and age. Data Notes The CWI, which was first created in 2004, is released publicly on an annual basis. This index consists of seven domains of child well-being: family economic well-being, health, safety and behavior, educational attainment,
community connectedness, social relationships, emotional and spiritual well-being. These domains are weighted equally. Data sources include the Monitoring the Future Study at the University of Michigan, the U.S. Census, the U.S. Current Population Survey, and the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Data are released annually, with the most recent data being from 2010. The CWI was created by Drs. Kenneth Land and John Crowell, sociologists at Duke University and is funded by the Foundation for Child Development, a grantmaking organization that funds research, programs, policies, and advocacy for child development issues
Family structure and child maltreatment: Do some family types place children at greater risk?
No full textReviewing current research on family structures, this paper aims to assist practitioners and policy-makers who work with children and families to make evidence-informed decisions.
This paper reviews the research on whether some family structures expose children to a higher risk of child maltreatment than others. It aims to assist practitioners and policy-makers who work with children and families to make evidence-informed decisions.
Key messages
The research on whether particular family structures place children at higher risk of maltreatment has produced complex and often ambiguous results.
While most of the available research suggests that children in sole-mother families and step families tend to be at higher risk of maltreatment than those in married families, not all findings are consistent.
In general, much of the perceived relationship between family structure and child maltreatment can be explained by factors such as poverty, substance misuse and domestic violence.
There is no single cause of child maltreatment. Rather, maltreatment reflects the effects of multiple, dynamic, interrelated and, often, cumulative risk factors.
Sole-mother families, sole-father families, and step or blended families are overrepresented in Australia\u27s child protection systems. However, there are a number of limitations to the Australian child protection data, which must be noted when interpreting this finding.
Although family structure is an easily identifiable risk factor for child maltreatment, its influence can easily be - and is often - exaggerated. It is important that practitioners and policy-makers look further and identify other risk factors that may be more conducive to intervention.
Downloads.
Online: Family structure and child maltreatment: Do some family types place children at greater risk?
Download printable version (PDF 190 KB)
Download EPUB version (66 KB) | About EPU
- …
