1,721,015 research outputs found
Development of Key Technology for Precision Agriculture and Improvement of Agricultural Production Technology
No full text展望二十一世紀的農業願景，預料將是結合生產與環境為一自然體的永續農業方向，兼顧農業生產的穩定與環境生態的保護（育）。為順應此一世界潮流並開創臺灣地區農業新風貌，勢須融合多元科技於農業生產及經營管理，提昇傳統農業至「精準農業」層次，加速農業生產技術升級，引導國內農業朝向高科技和高效能時代邁進，才能使臺灣農業得以永續經營與發展。精準農業的觀念與推展在國內仍處於萌芽階段，相關技術的研發與整合工作仍待推展。現階段精準農業體系必備之各項關鍵性技術與組件，包括(1)體系運作必需之農作與土壤資料庫及配套之全球定位與地理資訊系統、(2)具變異率功能之自動化噴施農機具及收穫物追蹤農機具、及(3)實施精準農業之農場經營管理與規劃作業等均亟待研發和建立，以建構初期精準農業作業體系（英譯為precision agriculture operating system）。在國內全面精準農業之前宜先進行「精準農業先驅性計畫」，一方面發展精準農業關鍵性技術，另方面驗證精準農業在臺灣地區實施的可行性和評估對各方的衝擊，進而延廣關鍵性技術之多樣化應用加速農業生產技術升級。
The new agricultural perspective in the twenty-first century is a combination of stable food production and comprehensive environmental protection for sustaining agriculture. To comply with the world trend and rebuild a new face for Taiwan agriculture, it is necessary to incorporate modern multi-facet technology and information into a composite farming management and operating system. The idea of precision agriculture comes to the market recently providing a fresh look onto future agriculture and a source of strength in promoting agriculture up to a stage of high efficiency and capability. A pilot project ‘Studies on Precision Farming System for Rice’ is carried out by Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute this year to research and develop the key elements and techniques required in precision agriculture system for operating in Taiwan. There are three goals to be reached at the present time. First of all, database of rice and soil in the field of precision farming should be established with the assistance of global positioning system and geographic information system. Secondly, automatic spraying machinery with variable-rate technique and yield monitoring machine are to be developed for chemical application and yield mapping, respectively. Finally, farm management and planning system need to be set up for functioning and operating of precision farming
篩選可促進瓜類生長之木黴菌
No full textSeveral strains of Trichoderma spp. isolated from rhizosphere soils and rhizoplane of agricultural crops in Taiwan were selected to detect the root growth of bitter gourd, loofah, and cucumber. Some strains of tested species of Trichoderma in this study promoted the root growth of these cucurbitaceous crops as compared with untreated plants. Tests in greenhouse showed the strains of the Trichoderma species significantly increased of 26 to 61% in seedling height, 85-209% in root exploration, 27 to 38% in leaf area, and 38 to 62% in root dry weight for 15 days after sowing seeds of bitter gourd. Similarly, These Trichoderma strains also increased seedling growth of loofah and cucumber. In a test of chlorophyll concentration, the results indicated that the concentration of chlorophyll (mg/cm2 of leaves) was significantly increased in the plants treated with Trichoderma. Based on regression tests, there was no relationship between percentage of root colonization of Trichoderma and enhanced plant growth.
由台灣各地區之作物根圈與根圈土壤分離出來的木黴菌菌株，經直接針對胡瓜種子發芽與根系生長所作的測試；顯示約有2.8％的木黴菌菌株可促進胡瓜主根生長與增加側根之數量。這些有益木黴菌菌株經與土壤混合至106 cfu/g soil後，於溫室中作接種試驗，發現多株Trichoderma harzianum及T. virens等中要種類菌株，除可增加苦瓜、絲瓜及胡瓜根系分佈外；植株高度、葉面積及根乾重量亦有提高之現象。另外測試瓜葉片之葉綠素亦發現有木黴菌處理者其濃度較無處理者有顯著性提高；然測試根圈纏繞能力與促進瓜類生長關係則無顯著之相關性
Effects of Climate Change on Crop Production－Introduction
No full text由於大氣組成分改變造成的溫室效應（groenhouso effect）增強，引發了全球氣候的顯著變遷，並如索鏈串連般的點燃各種環境與生態問題。據估計單憑石化能源消耗及林地砍伐兩項，已提高大氣的二氧化碳濃度達25% ( Foss, 1995),其他輻射活躍的微量氣體諸如甲院（methane）、氧化亞氮（nitrous oxide）、及人工合成之氟氯碳化物（chlororluorocarbons）等亦大幅的增加。這些所謂的溫室效應氣體吸收熱量儲存於大氣中，長期持續累積的結果而升高地球的平均氣溫，促成地表的溫暖化，也因此改變氣象的常態運轉導致氣候的加速變遷。氣候與農業是交互影響的，農業生產過程釋出若干溫室氣體至大氣中，氣候變化則顯著干擾農業產業的生產過程。未來的糧食生產及全球糧食的安全供給，一方面依賴氣候的穩定性與氣候變遷的可預期性，另一方面則需要仰仗農民對環境改變的調適能力。為期瞭解溫室效應與氣候變遷的機制，對農作物生產的潛在影響，進而提供可能的因應措施與策略，乃邀集國內學者專家共聚研討。本書即由參與人士執筆，內容橫跨學門領域，包括了文獻的回顧、試驗研究成果、及個人經驗與心得，為國內農業界首次以團隊方式深入探討氣候變遷與農作物生產之關係者，不僅可提供農政機關政策研擬參考，更為未來的研究方向導引出一盞明燈。
The increase of greenhous effect is due mainly to the increasing concentration of radiatively active trace gases in the atmosphere. It accelerates climate change, and induces a number of environmental and ecological problems. As estimated, fossil fuel combustion and forest clearing together promote some 25% increase of carbon dioxide in the air. Other greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, and synthetic chlorofluocarbons are also increased significantly recently. These gases tend to trap heat resulting in a global warming and an indirect stimulation of climate change eventually. Agriculture and climate are interactive to each other. Agriculture acts as a possible contributor of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, while as an industry, is highly sensitive to climatic variables. In considering future food need and security, crop production depends on the stability and predictability of climate change, and on farmers to adapt their practices to changing environment. This book is written, with systematic interdisciplinary studies and findings, by the participating scientists of the research project, namely, ¡¥Studies on Global Climate Changes to Crops Production.¡¦ The publication contains thirteen chapters, including literature review, experimental results, and research experience. Issues of greenhouse effect and climate change are of great complexity, but never be too importance. We consider this study to be a preliminary summary yet a promising beginning that requires continuation. It is hoped that by means of this book to encourage intensifying research in studying actual impacts of climate change on crop production, and deriving methodology and practices to mitigate such negative effects
(Special Publication of TARI No. 101)Knowledge and Technology for Rice Precision Farming System
No full text
Studies on rice precision farming system
No full text從先驅性試驗研究計畫的角度來看，「水稻精準農業（耕）體系之研究」科技計畫的執行是相當成功的。「精準農業」一詞已普植於國內學術研究人員腦中，無論在監測系統、決策系統及農機系統的研究上，大多數的研究項目已達到計畫原先所設定的目標。在學術與推廣方面，在計畫執行期間舉辦了四次中大型研討會／展示會，讓各界人士瞭解農業的最新發展，認識新科技在農業上的深耕與開花結果，並因此學習「精準農業」有關的知識、技術、組件與系統。而三本專書的出版，除了呈現執行計畫的成果外，更延廣了執行計畫的教育成效。參與本計畫的研究人員，在計畫執行期間也先後將研究成果發表於國內外刊物中，期刊論文、研討會論文及其他推廣性報告已超過80 篇以上，同時提供同儕檢驗及藉以激發新創意。但是，由於「精準農業」在國內仍屬新興科研項目，第一階段的四年研究計畫中較為欠缺系統的整合及操作系統獲得的經濟效益評估，因此難以評估國內發展精準農業的遠景。在無法展示「精準農業」成效的前提下，農政主管部門將無以深入瞭解研發及執行精準農業可能遭遇的問題，導致其關心和支持程度也就相對減弱。展望未來前景，倘若農政部門持續支持「精準農業」的試驗研究，建議第二階段的研究計畫當著力於特定目標系統的整合及特定目標精準農業系統效益驗證與操作展示等工作。如此，不但可以在既有的基礎上設定實務研究主題，也務實的開發出解決特定目標的精準管理操作系統，將研究主題的成果落實成為「精準農業」的成功案例。
From the standpoint of a pilot project, the ¡¥Studies on Precision Farming System for Rice¡¦ is a successful one. The term Precision Agriculture has been stapled clearly into researchers¡¦ mind and accepted as newly evolved academic area in Taiwan. Most of the pre-planned goals in topics of project have been achieved soundly providing promising perspectives. There were four symposia and exhibitions held during the period of project execution (2000-2003) to introduce and make known itself to colleagues from all academic fields as well as to the general public. Three specialized books were printed to present the fruitful results from project carried out and the related information for extension and education purposes. More than 80 papers have been published in journals, proceedings and other easy-to-read magazines. However, as precision agriculture still in its enfant phase in the Island, this 4-year project emphasized more on basic research than on system development. Without actual field practices and profit assessments, it is hard to evaluate the outgrowth of precision farming development at this stage. And the care and support from the govemment and other agriculture sectors may hold their hands owing to the lack of guarantee benefits in the near future. In the forth coming years with the support from govemment agency, research is suggested to focus on system organization and examination to test its functionality and profitability. Most of all, the specific targets and research goals should be set clear before project going to start. With everything well prepared and in gear, it can be expected to wait for an abundant harvest
Studies on Precision Farming System for Rice
No full text經歷了千百年漫長的實際耕作，農耕技術在人類實務經驗累積與不斷改良下與日精進，農地面積和農作產值愈具規模，扮演帶動人類文明進展的幕後推手。然而這種傳統上採取一致性的農耕作業方式固然簡易方便，卻忽略了天然和人為連續性處理引起農田各定點的時空變異，長期下來導致許多負面的環境問題，造成環境與生態的破壞及土質的劣化。尤其自十九世紀末開始人造化學品的大量使用，雖然對人口激增所需的糧食供應深具貢獻，也無可諱言的衍生許多環保難題。當人們的環保意識抬頭時，各種幾近毀滅式的環境災難亦逐一引爆，逼得人們正視地球村的生存危機積極的謀求解決之道
The National Plant Genetic Resources Information System of the Republic of China
No full text我國國家作物種原資訊系統(National Plant Genetic Resources Information System; NPGRIS)係以加速植物種原研究與育種人員種原資訊之交流爲目標，建立於1994年。國家作物種原資訊系統係採ORACLE爲關聯式資料庫管理系統。此ORACLE資料庫管理系統與UNIX作業系統係建置於HP9000 800/G40資料庫主機。爲了使國家作物種原中心的入庫與庫存作業流程電腦化與自動化，本中心相關研究室內所有個人電腦均以client-server區域綱路架構與主機連結。目前國家作物種原資訊系統內已建置有約30,000筆之種原基本資料，約20,000筆之種原特性資料，以及約1,000筆之種原影像資料，共涵括了119科、367屬、500種之種原。而爲了加強與全世界育種人員及其經植物科學家在作物種原資訊方面的交流，本中心並建立了全球資訊綱站(http://www.npgrc.tari.gov.tw or http://192.192.196.1)。
The goat of the Notional Plant Genetic Resources Information System (NPGRIS) of the Republic of China is to accelerate the exchange of plant germplasm information among plant scientists and breeders. To enhance the efficient use of plant germplasm, a user-friendly information system was built up in 1994. The NPGRIS employs ORACLE as a relational database management system. Both the ORACLE and UNIX operation system are built in the HP9000 800/G40 server. To modernize and computerize the operations in National Plant Genetic Resources Center (NPGRC), all personal computers of NPGRC-related laboratories are linked lathe server with a client-server local network architecture. About 30,000 records of passport data, 20,000 records of characterization data and 1,000 records of image data have been conserved in the NPGRIS database. These accessions represent more than 119 families, 367 genera and 500 species of plant germplasm. In order to strengthen the communication of germplasm information among breeders and other plant scientists all over the world, the NPGRC has linked its information system with foreign genetic resources centers through the World Wide Web (http://www.opgrc.tarigov.tw or http://192.l92.196.1)
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