1,721,781 research outputs found
On the Location and the Time of the Fall of Chien-chou tsu-wei 建州左衛
Get PDFWhile he was on the throne, Kao-tsung of Ch’ing Dynasty did not like himself and his ancestors to be regarded as offsprings of Tung-i 東夷 (east barbarians) by his subjects and he tried his best to conceal this fact. The present article makes clear the location of Chien-chou tso-wei, describes the development of the power of T’ai-tsu of Ch'ing Dynasty right after he fought against Ming and explains the time of the downfall of Chien-chou tso-wei.journal articl
A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study of In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Silicon Thin Films
No full textsj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359241246427 – Supplemental material for Assessing the effectiveness of targeted agents in adjuvant therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing surgical resection: a retrospective cohort study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359241246427 for Assessing the effectiveness of targeted agents in adjuvant therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing surgical resection: a retrospective cohort study by Yi-Chia Su, Chih-Chien Wu, Yu-Hsun Chen, Chien-Chou Su, Yu-Ching Chang, Meng-Che Hsieh and Yea-Huei Kao Yang in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Photoluminescence Spectra Study of Germanium Manganese Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor
No full text在這篇論文中我們將先簡介半導體產業的發展現況，及稀磁性半導體的崛起以及已知的應用。第二章中將探討使用分子束磊晶系統（molecular beam epitaxy, MBE）所成長之IV族稀磁性半導體—鍺錳合金（GeMn），從物理背景到近年來自各界的研究成果。接著介紹稀磁性半導體在光激發螢光頻譜（photoluminescence, PL）在中低量磁場中的變化，分別討論下列各個效應的物理背景：塞曼效應（Zeeman effect, 原子因處在磁場裡, 而其譜線發生分裂的現象）、反磁性位移（diamagnetic shift）、以及電子自旋之sp-d軌域交換交換效應（sp-d exchange interaction）造成的光譜偏移現象。三章我們簡介實驗樣品之材料，回顧一些同樣成長條件的特性量測結果，以及光激發螢光光譜實驗的方法架構。後在第四章將討論光激發螢光光譜的結果並且使用Matlab來進行光譜峰值能量偏移的模擬。In this paper we will first deal with the development of the semiconductor industry, the current situation and the rise of diluted magnetic semiconductor applications, as well as known.n the second chapter we will explore the possibility of using molecular beam epitaxy system (molecular beam epitaxy, MBE) to grow Ge-Mn alloy (GeMn) group IV diluted magnetic semiconductor. Physical background and the recent research results from all scientists around the world will also be presented. The photoluminescence spectrums for diluted magnetic semiconductors vary with low-volume changes in magnetic field. We’ll discuss some effects that result in spectral shift and their physical background: Zeeman effect (the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of a static magnetic field), diamagnetic shift, as well as the electron spin-orbit sp-d exchange interaction.n chapter 3 we illustrate the experimental samples of our material, recalling some characteristics of the same growth conditions. Then we’ll introduce the structure of our photoluminescence spectrum experiment.inally, in chapter 4 we will discuss the results of our photoluminescence spectrum experiment and then use Matlab to simulate the energy shift.口試委員審定書 i文摘要 iibstract iii謝 iv錄 v目錄 vii一章 序言 11.1半導體產業 11.2稀磁性材料之發展 51.3參考文獻 8二章 理論及材料背景 92.1磁性半導體 9 2.1.1 稀磁性半導體 9 2.1.2稀磁性半導體之製作技術 102.2磊晶技術 14 2.2.1分子束磊晶系統 14 2.2.2 反射式高能量電子繞射 152.3磁場中光譜之遷移 19 2.3.1塞曼效應 19 2.3.2反磁性位移 20 2.3.3自旋交換效應 212.4參考文獻 26三章 材料製備及實驗設置 283.1鍺錳材料樣品 283.2光激發螢光光譜實驗 34 3.2.1實驗架設 343.3參考文獻 36四章 實驗結果分析及討論 374.1光激發螢光光譜 374.2光譜偏移之模擬 434.3參考文獻 47五章 結論及展望 485.1結論 485.2未來工作 4
Measuring Tie Strength in Online Social Networks
No full text在過去關於社會網絡的研究中，發現了許多它所具備的特性，例如小世界現象、群聚現象等，讓人們得以認識這個由「人」所構成的網絡，並將之運用在其他各種領域。但是，大部分的研究僅僅考慮連結的存在與否，關於連結強度的探討卻是較為缺乏的，由於人與人之間的關係並非一致或對等的，我們將網絡視為有方向性、且連結帶有「重量」的，試著從中觀察連結強度在社會網絡巨觀特性中所扮演的角色。於是，我們蒐集了部落格網站中的資料，記錄使用者間各種互動，定義了不同的關係，並計算其互動的次數作為連結的強度。我們首先觀察在不同的關係定義之下，連結強度的分布狀況，接著比較使用者所擁有的連結數和其強度總和，提出了另一種衡量使用者的方法。我們也在計算平均最短路徑、群聚係數時，將連結強度一起考慮進來，發現了過去未曾注意到的有趣現象。最後，我們首次比較了兩節點間雙方面的連結強度，證明了在社會網絡中使用者間的互動是有其對稱性和相關性的。我們相信這份關於連結強度的實證研究，讓我們對於社會網絡的巨觀現象能有進一步的了解，也給後續的研究一個新的方向。In the previous studies, people have found many properties of social network, such as “small world phenomenon” and high clustering. But, most of the researches merely consider whether this is a tie, rather than the strength of tie.
Since the relationship between people is not identical or symmetric, we regard the network as a directed graph, and the tie on it have its “weight”. Under this circumstance, we wonder what is the role of tie strength in those properties of social network. Therefore we parse data of a blogging site, and record the interaction between the users on it. After defining different types of relationship, we then count the times of action as the strength of tie.
First, we examine the distribution of tie strength, from both network and users’ view, and then compare to the distribution of link degree. To evaluate the node, we propose a new measurement, calculated by the strength of tie. Next, we take tie strength into account of average shortest path and cluster coefficient. We find out some interesting characteristics people did not pay attention to before. Finally, we examine the symmetry of the network and analyze the correlation between tie strength of nodes for the first time. We believe that this empirical study of tie strength can help us further understand the macro characteristics of social network, and provide a new perspective for the future researches
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Social Organization and Reproductive Strategies of Stray Dogs in Yangmingshan National Park
No full text流浪犬在台灣對民眾及野生動物造成困擾與衝擊。為了蒐集流浪犬的社會結構與生殖生態資料以供管理上之參考並且探討其重回野外後之適應能力，本研究以陽明山國家公園龍鳳谷中流浪犬為對象，自1999年7月至2000年11月進行野外觀察，每月完成3個24小時觀察日週期。每小時沿固定步道巡察約7.5公頃之樣區，以觀察及錄影方式紀錄流浪犬之行為。17個月研究期間共辨識出157隻流浪犬，族群密度月平均為每公頃9.9±0.26隻（±S.E.）。共發現5個長期且具領域性的Packs，但成員彼此間不一定具有親緣關係。少數未形成Packs犬隻以結盟或孤犬形式存在，但無領域性。各Pack之成員數月平均從7隻至20隻不等。成員包括核心成員與短期留存的雌雄犬隻，以及雌犬所產子代。Pack內會形成性別參雜之線性優勢階級，最高位階者為一隻α-male，且階級關係可持續17個月以上。各Pack之活動範圍月平均從0.33至1.63公頃不等，且Packs 間具顯著差異；然而核心區域面積在0.13至0.17公頃之間，Packs 間未有顯著差異。雌犬平均8.2±0.21個月發情1次（n=20），無特定之發情季且無同時發情。Pack內可有多隻雌犬懷孕產仔，Packs間可以相互交配。其交配制度採雜交制，發情雌犬四處游走，會超出該Pack活動範圍，並吸引Pack內外雄犬加入發情群，雌雄犬間無固定配偶。幼犬出生時所使用的生殖洞穴為期3至5個月，之後會與其他Pack成員一同休息。幼犬於1月齡時已接觸過85%以上的Pack成員，至3個月齡後則接觸過所有成員。每窩平均3.1±0.33隻幼犬（n=25），留存至4個月齡者有57.1%，能留存至12月齡以上者僅有20.4%。Juveniles以及成犬會有播遷現象。Stray dogs have caused disturbance on people and wildlife in Taiwan. In order to collect the basic information on the social organization and reproductive ecology for management as well as for the information on the adaptation from domesticated animals back to the nature, stray dogs were observed at Lungfengku in Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan. From July 1999 to November 2000, I surveyed stray dogs along a routine route within a 7.5 ha study area, and observed or video taped their behaviors. This route was surveyed once per hour and three 24-hr cycles were executed each month. In total, 157 stray dogs have been identified and the mean population density each month was9.9±0.26 (S.E.) dogs/ha. Five packs were identified and pack members may not share common kinship. Besides, two dogs formed a coalition, and some lone dogs did not have territory. The monthly averages of the number of dogs in each pack ranged from 7 to 20 dogs. Packs were composed by core members with their offspring and short-term members. A liner hierarchy with mixed gender was formed in each pack, and an目 錄
壹.前言 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
貳.材料及方法 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
一.研究地點--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
二.名詞定義--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
三.取樣方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
四.資料分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
參. 結果 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
一.社會結構-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
1.結群動態--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
2.優勢階級--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
3.活動範圍--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
二.生殖生態-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
1.交配制度--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.育幼------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
3.子代留存率------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
肆.討論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
一.社會結構-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
二.生殖策略-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
三. 播遷----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
伍.結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
陸.管理建議-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
柒.參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55
表.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
圖.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
附錄一、各Pack成員動態--------------------------------------------------------------------------90
附錄二、各Pack位階矩陣--------------------------------------------------------------------------97
附錄三、各Pack活動範圍、核心區域、重疊區域月變化表---------------------------------------------107
附錄四、發情雌犬游走範圍面積表-----------------------------------------------------------------108
附錄五、發情雌犬吸引雄犬數，以及所吸引雄犬中屬Pack外之雄犬比例-----109
附錄六、各Pack犬隻生活照-----------------------------------------------------------------------110
附錄七、敵對行為照片---------------------------------------------------------------------------112
表 目 錄
表一、1999年7月至2000年11月間各Pack之成員結構與月平均隻數--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
表二、1999年7月至2000年11月間各Pack之Subgroups隻數----------------------------------------------60
表三a、Pack A成員於1999年7月至2000年11月間位階變化----------------------------------------------61
表三b、Pack B成員於1999年7月至2000年11月間位階變化----------------------------------------------62
表三c、Pack C成員於1999年7月至2000年11月間位階變化----------------------------------------------63
表三d、Pack D與E成員於2000年1月至2000年11月間位階變化-------------------------------------------63
表四、各Pack月活動範圍之面積與結構--------------------------------------------------------------64
表五、各Pack內雌雄成犬與雌雄Juveniles成員之月活動範圍佔其Pack月活動範圍比值------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
表六、1999年春季至2000年秋季始終留存之雌犬其發情月份與季節分佈-----66
表七、發情雌犬游走範圍之總面積，以及其游走範圍中超出所屬Pack月活動範圍的面積之百分比--------------------------------------------------------------------67
表八、各Pack之發情雌犬吸引雄犬數，以及其非Pack成員之雄犬百分比---------------------------------68
表九、發情雌犬對於各Pack雄犬之吸引率------------------------------------------------------------69
表十、發情群內雄犬敵對行為致勝率與Pack內位階、Pack間體型之關係---------------------------------69
表十一、交配時產生交配栓之雄犬身份與位階以及當時發情群之結構-----------------------------------70
表十二、生殖洞穴特徵以及使用月數----------------------------------------------------------------71
表十三、各月齡Pups活動區域佔其Pack活動範圍之面積百分比，及其所接觸Pack成員佔總成員數之百分比--------------------------------------------------------------71
表十四、Pups與Pack外犬隻在生殖洞穴附近相遇時雙方之敵對行為發生率、敵對行為概述，以及較勁結果--------------------------------------------------------------72
表十五、產仔雌犬之位階分佈----------------------------------------------------------------------73
表十六、1999年4月至2000年11月間龍鳳谷內出生犬隻之留存月數---------------------------------------74
圖 目 錄
圖一、陽明山國家公園龍鳳谷流浪犬研究區域與觀察路線----------------------------------------------75
圖二a、Subgroup的判定方式-----------------------------------------------------------------------76
圖二b、月Group的判定流程------------------------------------------------------------------------76
圖三a、犬類之臣服行為---------------------------------------------------------------------------77
圖三b、犬類之交配成功定義-----------------------------------------------------------------------77
圖四、各Pack成員數之月變化----------------------------------------------------------------------78
圖五、結盟犬結群狀態比例------------------------------------------------------------------------78
圖六、孤犬在各月份雄犬佔總數比例----------------------------------------------------------------79
圖七、Pack A、B成員於1999年7月至2000年11月等三個半年間位階序位與體型之相關分佈----------------------------------------------------------------------------80
圖八、1999年7月至2000年2月每兩月為單位之各Pack活動範圍------------------------------------------81
圖九a、1999年7月至2000年11月間各Pack月活動範圍面積變化------------------------------------------82
圖九b、1999年7月至2000年11月間Pack A、B與C之活動範圍面積與成員數之相關性----------------------------------------------------------------------------------82
圖九c、1999年7月至2000年11月間Pack A、B與C之活動範圍面積與成員數的變動關係--------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
圖十、領域敵對結果之致勝程度與發起者之Subgroup隻數佔兩敵對Subgroup總數比例之關係--------------------------------------------------------------------------84
圖十一、雌犬連續8小時所吸引之雄犬總數與發情雌犬所屬Pack內雄性成犬數之相關性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------85
圖十二、連續8小時所吸引的Pack外雄犬所佔百分比與發情雌犬游走範圍中超出Pack 月活動範圍的面積之百分比間的相關性-----------------------------------------------85
圖十三、自觀察時刻起發情群內與發情雌犬相同Pack之雄犬、不同Pack之雄犬、結盟犬，以及孤犬等所持續留存之時間--------------------------------------------------86
圖十四、生殖洞穴類型----------------------------------------------------------------------------86
圖十五、1999年4月至2000年11月間第一次被發現之幼犬其月齡之分佈-----------------------------------87
圖十六、留存至Juveniles之幼犬比例與其出生季節之關係---------------------------------------------87
圖十七、留存至Juveniles之幼犬比例與其出生Group之關係--------------------------------------------88
圖十八、留存至Juveniles之幼犬比例與其生產雌犬體型之關係-----------------------------------------88
圖十九、留存至成犬之比例與其出生Group之關係-----------------------------------------------------8
An Investigation of the Heat-Transfer Related Properties of Silicon and Germanium at Nanoscale via Molecular Dynamics Simulations
No full text本論文採用平衡分子動力學數值工具來研究矽/鍺塊材、薄膜、奈米線以及超晶格薄膜之聲子色散關係及態密度，並使用非平衡分子動力學研究矽薄膜平面方向與矽奈米線軸向之熱傳現象。模擬中，原子作用力採用兼具有二體及三體勢能的Stillinger-Weber勢能函數。聲子色散關係研究中發現，薄膜/奈米線等結構之色散曲線與塊材最大的不同在於離散模式的產生，超晶格薄膜在平行薄膜平面方向也是，但在垂直薄膜平面方向則是產生了迷你布里淵區。在態密度方面，薄膜與奈米線隨尺寸變化的趨勢相同，但奈米線之變化較劇烈，都是尺寸愈小，分佈愈往低頻移動。超晶格薄膜之週期厚度對其態密度的影響不大，且矽鍺層之態密度與其本身材料之塊材相似，但多出許多峰值，對應色散曲線中之菱形結構。熱傳導係數的模擬中我們以奈米結構之態密度做量子修正，並以外插法消除數值的尺寸效應。薄膜與奈米線隨著溫度的增加，熱傳導係數先因聲子被激發的模式增多而增加，之後因為倒逆散射的機制增強而漸漸減小；尺寸愈大時，上述趨勢形成之峰值愈明顯。在薄膜量子修正方面，發現應以奈米結構下的聲子態密度進行量子修正為佳，其熱傳導係數隨溫度的變化趨勢與理論在固定鏡射率下的計算曲線相符。最後本論文亦嘗試以調整表面位能來控制薄膜表面粗糙度，但由於統計誤差的影響，在模擬的表面粗糙度範圍內並沒有觀測出熱傳導係數隨表面粗糙度增加而降低的趨勢。This thesis employs the equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulation to calculate the phonon dispersion relations and density of states of Si/Ge bulk materials, thin films, nanowires as well as superlattice thin films. It also applies the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation to a calculation of the in-plane thermal conductivity of silicon thin films and the axial thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires. In the simulations, the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential, including both the two-body and the three-body interactions, is adopted.As far as the dispersion relations are concerned, remarkable differences between bulk materials and thin films/nanowires are observed. In particular, the latter possesses many discrete vibration modes. These modes are also observed in the in-plane spectrum of the superlattice thin films; mini-Brillouin zones are generated in the cross-plane spectrum on the other hand. As the film/wire thickness decreases, the phonon DOS tends to shift to the lower frequencies. The lower dimension, the more the shift is. The superlattice period shows little effect on the DOS of superlattice thin films and the DOS of each layer is similar to its bulk counterpart, in spite of numerous additional peaks corresponding to the rhombus structures appearing in the cross-plane spectrum.n obtaining the thermal conductivity, both the quantum correction based on the measured DOS of the associated nanostructure and the elimination of the finite-size error by an extrapolation technique are performed. It is found as the temperature increases, the thermal conductivities of thin films and nanowires increase first because of the increased excited phonon modes and then decrease due to the enhanced Umklapp scattering. A peak value is thus observed at some temperature. Finally, an attempt is made to control the surface roughness of thin films by adjusting the model parameters associated with the surface potential. However, the computed thermal conductivity does not as expected decrease with the increasing surface roughness, which is attributed to the non-negligible statistic error.口試委員會審定書 I謝 II文摘要 III文摘要 IV錄 VI目錄 IX目錄 X號說明 XIII一章 緒論 1-1 研究背景 1-2 研究動機及目的 5-3 論文架構 6二章 分子動力學理論與數值方法 7-1 分子動力學基本理論模型 7-1-1 基本理論 7-1-2 初始條件 9-1-3溫度控制 10-1-4 邊界條件 10-2 數值方法 12-2-1 原子位置及速度計算 12-2-2 原子間作用力計算 12-3 非平衡分子動力學 15-3-1 加(移)熱方法 15-3-2 熱傳導係數求法 16-3-3 量子修正 17-3-4 消除有限尺寸的影響 17三章 不同矽鍺奈米結構之聲子色散關係及態密度 19-1 分析方法 19-1-1 聲子色散關係 19-1-2 聲子態密度 20-2 模擬模型與方式 21-3 模擬步數分析 22-4 結果與討論 23-4-1 聲子色散曲線 23-4-2 聲子態密度 26-4-3 不同溫度之影響 27四章 矽薄膜及矽奈米線之熱傳導係數 28-1 NEMD資料處理 28-1-1 穩態判斷 28-1-2 量子修正 29-1-3 熱傳導係數計算 30-1-4 表面粗糙度 31-2 不同尺寸與溫度下之熱傳導係數 32-3 薄膜表面粗糙度與熱傳導係數之關係 33-3-1 表面位能參數與表面粗糙度 34-3-2 表面粗糙度與熱傳導係數 35-4 奈米線之彎曲度 36五章 結論與未來展望 37-1 結論 37-2 未來展望 38考文獻 39表 4
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