1,721,036 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The first microphone on Mars : its contribution to Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and atmospheric science
No full textLe 18 février 2021, l'astromobile de la NASA Perseverance se posera dans le cratère Jezero à la recherche de traces de vie passée. A son bord l'expérience franco-américaine SuperCam ne contient pas moins de quatre techniques spectroscopiques, une caméra haute résolution et un microphone. Ce microphone sera le premier à enregistrer des ondes acoustiques audibles à la surface de Mars entre 100 Hz et10 kHz. Il ouvrira un nouveau champ d'investigation qui fait l'objet de cette thèse. Les objectifs scientifiques de cette thèse s'organisent autour des sons qui seront audibles par ce microphone : les phénomènes atmosphériques dans l'environnement proche du véhicule et les bruits artificiels générés par SuperCam lui-même. Parmi ces derniers, la technique de la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser (LIBS) ablate les roches et les sols martiens avec un laser impulsionnel, ce qui produit un signal acoustique lors de la détente de ce plasma. Ce manuscrit propose une étude amont qui vise à caractériser le support du microphone à la LIBS et sa contribution à la science atmosphérique. Ces deux thèmes sont explorés expérimentalement en reproduisant en laboratoire les conditions d'écoute que le microphone rencontrera sur Mars.Premièrement, un banc de mesure LIBS sous atmosphère martienne est utilisé pour comparer le signal acoustique issu de l'ablation de différents minéraux. Une étude métrologique a déterminé la sensibilité de l'énergie acoustique par rapport aux paramètres expérimentaux de la LIBS : elle est proportionnelle à la pression atmosphérique et à l'éclairement déposé sur la cible. Ces relations permettront de normaliser le signal acoustique entre toutes les cibles échantillonnées par la LIBS sur Mars. De plus il est remarqué que la décroissance de l'énergie acoustique au cours d'une séquence de tirs est linéairement reliée au volume de la cavité d'ablation et que le taux de décroissance est corrélé à la dureté de la roche. Volume d'ablation et dureté seront deux informations utilisées pour caractériser les cibles de SuperCam et en particulier étudier celles présentant des vernis d'altération en surface.D'autre part, une campagne de tests dans une soufflerie martienne est effectuée pour corréler les propriétés d'un écoulement de vent avec le signal acoustique induit par ce dernier sur le microphone. Il est démontré que le microphone peut déterminer la vitesse de l'écoulement en étudiant le contenu basse fréquence du spectre, mais aussi sa direction en regardant le contenu haute fréquence. Ces résultats nécessiteront une calibration in situ sur Mars avec la station météo de Perseverance, MEDA. Il est également montré que la synchronisation du microphone avec le laser permet une mesure originale de la vitesse du son et donc de la température atmosphérique proche de la surface.Enfin, cette validation des objectifs scientifiques du microphone s'accompagne d'un soutien au développement instrumental du microphone, avec la validation de ses performances, la définition des modes d'observation et la préparation des opérations de SuperCam à la surface de Mars.In February 2021 the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover will land in Jezero to search for traces of past life.Part of the Perseverance payload, the SuperCam instrument suite includes four spectroscopy techniques,a high resolution imager and a microphone. This microphone will be the first microphone to record audible acoustic waves on the surface on Mars between 100 Hz to 10 kHz. It will open a new field of investigation which is the subject of this thesis. The scientific objectives of this thesis are organized around the sounds that will be recorded by this microphone : atmospheric phenomena in the close vicinity of the rover and artificial noises generated by SuperCam itself. Among the latest, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique (LIBS) ablates Martian rocks and soils with a pulsed laser. It creates an acoustic signal due tothe expansion of this plasma. These two topics are experimentally explored thanks to the development of laboratory test benches that simulate the conditions likely to be encountered by the microphone on Mars.On the one hand a LIBS setup under Mars atmosphere is used to compare acoustic signal from several minerals. A metrological study of the sensitivity of the acoustic signal with respect to LIBS experimental parameters is conducted : the acoustic energy is proportional to the CO2 background pressure and to the irradiance deposited on the sample. These two relationships will help to normalize the acoustic signal from multiple LIBS targets on Mars. Moreover, it is noticed that the decrease of the acoustic energy along a LIBS burst is linearly linked to the ablated volume. The decrease rate is correlated to the rock hardness.It provides new information relative to the ablation process that is independent from the LIBS emission spectrum. It could be used to better characterize geologic targets and rock, in particular the ones with asurface coating or a weathering rind.On the other hand, a test campaign in a Martian wind tunnel is dedicated to link wind properties withwind-induced signal recorded by the microphone. It is demonstrated that the microphone can determinethe flow velocity by studying the low frequency range of the acoustic spectrum whereas the wind directioncan be retrieved by looking at the high frequency range. An in situ cross-calibration with the weather station on board Perseverance, MEDA, will be required to validate these results. It is also shown that the synchronization of the microphone with the LIBS laser can be used to measure the speed of sound and therefore to estimate the atmospheric temperature close to the surface of Mars.This work also describes some progresses in the microphone development including the performances' validation, the implementation of operating modes and the preparation of SuperCam operations at the surface of Mars
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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