1,355,183 research outputs found
Ant colony system-based applications to electrical distribution system optimization
No full textChapter 16, February 201
Claudio Franco Chicco Ressia
No full textDr. Claudio Chicco was born in Carmagnola (Turin), Italy, on October 24, 1933, becoming a Venezuelan citizen in 1957.El doctor Claudio Chicco nació en Carmagnola (Turín), Italia, el 24 de octubre de 1933, nacionalizándose como venezolano en 1957Dr. Claudio Chicco nasceu em Carmagnola (Turim), Itália, em 24 de outubro de 1933, tornando-se cidadão venezuelano em 1957
Losses Allocated to the Nodes of a Radial Distribution System with Distributed Energy Resources-A Simple and Effective Indicator
No full textThis paper presents the effectiveness of exploiting the losses allocated to the nodes of a radial distribution system as an indicator of the impact of the diffusion of distributed energy resources in the network. The calculation of the losses allocated to the nodes is not included in the commercial power flow solvers, even though the implementation of this calculation is simple and the results provide meaningful information. The interpretation of the allocated losses is illustrated in this paper, on the basis of the results obtained on a typical test network under different case studies
The spatial reconfiguration of parking demand due to car sharing diffusion: a simulated scenario for the cities of Milan and Turin (Italy)
No full textOne of the most expected benefits from the diffusion of car sharing services in urban areas is the decrease of car ownership levels and related impacts in terms of vehicle miles travelled, greenhouse gas emissions, and space consumption. Unlike previous studies in which the effects on public spaces are related to a reduced number of private vehicles, in this paper we present a method to analyse the spatial variation in parking demand in a city with the joint consideration of the kind of parking actually in use. A distinction is made between dedicated parking areas from on-street parking. A trip-level analysis approach is then followed, where car ownership is an exogenous variable and modelling scenarios on modal diversion patterns for different origin-destination pairs are examined. Travel demand models are calibrated and validated on a stated-preferences travel survey carried out in Turin in 2016 and applied on a revealed-preferences travel survey distributed in the cities of Milan and Turin (Italy) in May 2019. Both surveys were administered to a representative sample of the population living in the cities, therefore results can be generalised. The ideal scenario resulting from modal diversion patterns show that free-floating car sharing might produce positive and negative impacts on both on-street and on-surface dedicated parking areas. In particular, more positive impacts are expected on daily parking events in central areas, where mobility attractors are concentrated. On the contrary, higher negative impacts on both on-street and dedicated parking events might be encountered in more peripheral areas
Heuristic optimization of electrical energy systems: Refined metrics to compare the solutions
No full textMany optimization problems admit a number of local optima, among which there is the global optimum. For these problems, various heuristic optimization methods have been proposed. Comparing the results of these solvers requires the definition of suitable metrics. In the electrical energy systems literature, simple metrics such as best value obtained, the mean value, the median or the standard deviation of the solutions are still used. However, the comparisons carried out with these metrics are rather weak, and on these bases a somehow uncontrolled proliferation of heuristic solvers is taking place. This paper addresses the overall issue of understanding the reasons of this proliferation, showing a conceptual scheme that indicates how the assessment of the best solver may result in the unlimited formulation of new solvers. Moreover, this paper shows how the use of more refined metrics defined to compare the optimization result, associated with the definition of appropriate benchmarks, may make the comparisons among the solvers more robust. The proposed metrics are based on the concept of first-order stochastic dominance and are defined for the cases in which: (i) the globally optimal solution can be found (for testing purposes); and (ii) the number of possible solutions is so large that practically it cannot be guaranteed that the global optimum has been found. Illustrative examples are provided for a typical problem in the electrical energy systems area – distribution network reconfiguration. The conceptual results obtained are generally valid to compare the results of other optimization problem
High-Quality Load Pattern Reconstruction from Smart Meter Data to Enhance the Assessment of Peak Power and Network Losses
No full textThe solutions recommended by international roadmaps and technical reports on smart metering refer to interval metering with time resolutions higher than 15 min to 1 hour as traditionally used. Based on the characteristics of the users power patterns in distribution networks, this paper shows that in practical cases the resolutions of the traditional metering are not sufficient to assess peak power and network losses effectively. Effective interval metering solutions should have resolutions of one minute or less. Moreover, this paper shows the advantages of assessing the average power peak (amplitude and duration) and estimating the network losses through innovative solutions beyond interval metering, based on event-driven energy metering (EDM). The use of EDM significantly enhances the quality of pattern representation and reduces the amount of data required with respect to high-resolution interval metering. Based on the Pareto analysis of conflicting objectives, a novel procedure to set up the EDM thresholds is presented. The applications shown use real data and refer to a single user, some users connected to a distribution network feeder, and many users connected to a large distribution system. The EDM benefits are quantified using specific indicators that consider energy losses and peak power
Understanding the value of net metering outcomes for different averaging time steps
No full textThe installation of distributed energy resources (DER) heavily impacts on the power patterns of the prosumers. In fact, the variability of the generation, together with the technical characteristics of the storage systems, may introduce a huge variety in the shape of the net power curves seen from the point of common coupling (PCC). This leads to completely rethink the definition of the time series required to create homogeneous group of prosumers, for providing useful tools to manage the emerging paradigms in the electricity system, such as energy communities and local energy markets. Moreover, the differences between the local energy production and consumption at the PCC could become hidden, if the local energy management has to be considered as a private decision of the local user. In this case, only net metering (that implies a unique measurement of the net electricity taken from the grid) will be used to evaluate the impact on the network of the net power curves. Hence, new approaches are required to properly measure the electricity exchange at the PCC. This paper addresses how the net metering outcomes depend on the time resolution of the measured data, and how the information taken from net metering can be valued by giving different price rates to positive and negative values. Specific examples are provided to remark the importance of the time resolution to properly characterise the prosumers
Impact of the time resolution for data gathering on loss calculation and demand side flexibility
No full textAccurate data metering is needed for enabling demand side flexibility and the related services. Sufficient resolution in time of the data gathered is essential to obtain detailed information on how consumers and prosumers use electricity. This paper addresses two specific points concerning the effects of the time resolution on (i) the estimation of the network losses, and (ii) the assessment of the average power peak magnitude and duration. Specific indicators are introduced to estimate the losses and assess the peak power based on the load pattern shape. These effects are analysed based on examples taken from real measurements. The results clearly show that the time resolutions used today (from 15 min to 1 hour) are insufficient to perform effective assessments oriented to enhance demand side flexibility. Interval metering with better resolutions (1 min or less) or innovative technologies such as event-driven energy metering should be used to provide significantly better solutions
Innovative applications of geothermal energy for direct uses: A pilot study case in Marche region (Italy)
No full textA detailed investigation aimed to optimize the knowledge about the realization of low enthalpy geothermal plants, answering to the energy related challenges proposed by Horizon 2020 and trying to move toward a better integration between research and industry, is currently in progress in the Marche Region (Central Italy). The main goals of this project are: i) to improve the present-day knowledge about the heat transfer coming from two geothermal boreholes 100 m in depth and with a distance of 9 m from each other, in order to better understand the behaviour of a geothermal probes in a particular geological, hydrogeological and structural context; ii) to control the behaviour of two commercial grouts and to study the thermo-physical and mineralogical properties of new grouts performing laboratory tests and monitoring; iii) to test a new hybrid geothermal/micro-cogeneration system for the heating of the buildings. As part of the project, an experimental plant is in progress at the University of Camerino (Geology Division). An interdisciplinary research team as well as private companies and University spin off, are engaged for the project development
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