1,721,034 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
From stress proteins to apoptosis and autophagy in sea urchin embryos
No full textMarine invertebrates inhabit a key position as intermediate consumers in the pelagic as well as in the benthonic food chains, making them suitable model systems for ecotoxicological studies.
Among benthonic organisms, echinoderms represent a simple, though significant, model system to test how specific stress can simultaneously provoke dangerous effects on growth and vitality of organisms. Sea urchins provide an attractive and exceptional model for investigating environmental pollution.
Most studies investigating the effects of Cd stress were conducted on Paracentrotus lividus, one of the most important marine invertebrates used as bioindicator of metal/heavy metal pollution and an important model organism in developmental biology.
It was shown that exposure to different toxics causes the synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), providing a protective role during stress conditions. The synthesis of a specific set of HSPs was demonstrated in P. lividus embryos continually exposed to 1mM of CdCl2 at the blastula (15 h) and gastrula (24 h) stages. Cd insult induces an alteration of normal development, probably inducing alternative pathways of growth, as demonstrated from the presence of several typologies of embryo morphology. Contextually, embryos activate other molecular defense mechanisms such as apoptosis.
Studies on the apoptotic processes activated in P. lividus were conducted after a long-lasting exposure to low Cd concentrations, similar to those found in moderately or highly polluted seawaters. These exposures caused severe developmental delays and abnormalities in the larvae, suggesting that even very small amounts of Cd, if accumulated in cells, can produce significant cytotoxic effects and apoptosis. Finally, we can assume that in sea urchin embryos/larvae, apoptosis can be considered part of a defense strategy that, by sacrificing a few cells, can safeguard the whole organism and the developmental program, provided that the exposure to Cd is not excessively prolonged or too intense.
Another molecular process studied in sea urchin embryos is autophagy, a mechanism of self-eating described as an important intracellular pathway responsible for degradation and recycling of long-term proteins and cytoplasmic organelles.
Autophagy has been recently observed in eggs and embryos, in response to stress induced by Cd and other stressors. Results of these studies revealed a higher level of autophagosomes in embryos exposed to Cd for 18 h.
Several experiments have been conducted on sea urchin embryos exposed to Cd to study the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Results suggest that autophagy may have a key role providing the energy supply necessary for apoptosis, delivering ATP molecules by recycling damaged cellular components.
Recent studies suggest that autophagy is important for the clearance of protein aggregates that are formed in cells following stress, and in this process, the p62/SQSTM1 protein (sequestosome 1) appears to play a key role. p62/SQSTM1 is a multifunctional, multidomain adaptator protein which resides at the autophagosome membranes. It is an autophagosome cargo protein that targets other proteins that bind to it for selective autophagy.
To highlight any protein aggregates concomitantly with the peak of autophagic vacuolation, control P. lividus embryos and embryos exposed to 1 mM CdCl2 for 18 and 24 h were submitted to the immunofluorescence/confocal laser scan microscopy protocol, using the anti-p62/SQSTM1 heterologous antibody.
Qualitative analysis showed a diffuse globular signal that is often referred to as Ibs (inclusion bodies), suggesting that the presence of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates was intended for autophagic degradation.
Taken together, these data indicate that in conjunction with the peak of autophagic vacuolation, there is an intense formation of protein aggregates that would be sent to degradation mediated by the autophagic process.
Reported data about the defense mechanisms induced by Cd in P. lividus suggest a hierarchical choice of defense strategies; strikingly, the temporal choice of activation of different mechanisms depends on the fact that the embryo tries to face the stress conditions using, initially, defense strategies that are less deleterious to preserve the developmental program. If these processes are not sufficient to offset the damage, the autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms are activated
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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