1,720,993 research outputs found
Di quale antropologia il mondo ha bisogno? Confronto sulla sostenibilità delle prassi antropologiche
No full textThis monographic issue collects contributions that have experienced the complexity of co-operating within a logic of intervention (of research and/or work) that attempts to hold together self-reflexivity and a disciplinary posture anchored to a rigorous ethical-methodological approach. By reflecting on the efforts in the construction of alliances, on emotions, criticalities and dilemmas, the authors attempt to show how much, and at what cost, they have been able as anthropologists to act sustainably in contexts structured in terms of roles and mandates and characterised by a strong inter-professional hierarchy. We therefore propose an opening reflection, which we hope can be further developed in the future, seeking to answer the following question: what do we produce and construct when we claim to 'be anthropologists' in our operational and research fields
Dietary nitrate and the microbiota : modulators of metabolic function
No full textNitric oxide (NO) deficiency represents a known feature of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as natural aging. The NO metabolites nitrate and nitrite have long been considered as health-threatening food components with potential carcinogenic effects. Surprisingly, more recent research has demonstrated that boosting of a nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway via the diet (mainly green leafy vegetables and beetroot) improves cardiovascular function, mitochondrial efficiency and reduces oxidative stress.The aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of inorganic nitrate and nitrite with respect to metabolic dysfunction, when this is driven by either unbalanced diets or natural aging. At the same time, we sought to clarify whether the microbiota is an indispensable factor for the bioactivation of dietary nitrate, its cardiometabolic effects as well as the onset of diet-induced obesity.We demonstrate that inorganic dietary nitrite extends the lifespan of female fruit flies and protects them from age-dependent locomotor decline, thus promoting healthspan. Moreover, nitrite could lower glucose and triglycerides levels in aged female flies. This, together with modulation of dTOR and dSir2 gene expression, indicates that nitrite might benefit metabolism during aging by regulating the sensing of nutrients. Furthermore, we show the existence of a nitrite-NO pathway, to which the fly bacteria likely contribute. Similarly, we prove the obligatory role of the host microbiota in bioactivation of dietary nitrate in mammals. In a mouse model of cardio-metabolic dysfunction, we described blood pressure-lowering and anti-diabetic effects as well as protection from hepatic steatosis by dietary nitrate, in the presence of a conventional microbiota. However, when the same disease model was reproduced in germ-free mice, carrying no bacteria, none of these salutary effects of nitrate was achieved. While attributing the cardiometabolic benefits of inorganic nitrate to the host microbiota, in a separate study we show that no such obligatory relationship underlies the general onset of diet-induced obesity. This finding is in stark contrast to the current literature which suggests a causal role of gut bacteria in fat storage.In conclusion, we here describe previously unknown metabolic effects of dietary nitrate and nitrite which are dependent on the host microbiota. In addition, we show that diet-induced obesity and its complications develop both in the presence and absence of gut bacteria.List of scientific papersI. Dietary nitrite extends lifespan and prevents age-related locomotor decline in the fruit fly. Chiara H Moretti, Tomas A Schiffer, Marcelo F. Montenegro, Filip J. Larsen, Vasilios Tsarouhas, Mattias Carlström, Christos Samakovlis, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Sep 24; 160:860-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.018 II. The obligatory role of host microbiota in bioactivation of dietary nitrate. Chiara Moretti, Zhengbing Zhuge, Gensheng Zhang, Sarah McCann Haworth, Luciano L. Paulo, Drielle D. Guimarães, Josiane C. Cruz, Marcelo F. Montenegro, Isabel Cordero-Herrera, Valdir A. Braga, Eddie Weitzberg, Mattias Carlström, Jon O. Lundberg. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Dec; 145:342-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.003 III. AMP-activated protein kinase activation and NADPH oxidase inhibition by inorganic nitrate and nitrite prevent liver steatosis. Isabel Cordero-Herrera, Mikael Kozyra, Zhengbing Zhuge, Sarah McCann Haworth, Chiara Moretti, Maria Peleli, Mayara Caldeira-Dias, Arghavan Jahandideh, Han Huirong, Josiane de Campos Cruz, Andrei L. Kleschyov, Marcelo F. Montenegro, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg and Mattias Carlström. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019 Jan 2;116(1):217-226. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809406115 IV. Germ-free mice are not protected against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Chiara H Moretti, Tomas A Schiffer, Xuechen Li, Eddie Weitzberg, Mattias Carlström, Jon O Lundberg. [Manuscript]</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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