1,664 research outputs found
Developing a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making model for selecting design-build operational variations
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: John F. Y. Yeung2011-2012 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptPublishedGreen (AAM
< Canchan > y no < Chan chan >: definitivamente quechumara y no quingnam
No full textEn la presente nota nos proponemos discutir los cuestionamientos y objeciones que se hacen (cfr. Urban, 2022) a nuestra propuesta etimológica ofrecida en Cerrón-Palomino (2020b), en la que abogamos por la procedencia quechumara del nombre <Chanchán> sobre la base de evidencias contundentes, descartando filiaciones hipotéticas que se han venido postulando, ya sea por meras inferencias topolingüísticas, ya por desinformación onomástica, o incluso por la falta de una necesaria pesquisa documental y archivística. En tal sentido, nos ratificamos en la etimología propuesta, que nos parece lo suficientemente explícita y rigurosa. En función de ello, nuestro artí- culo procederá, paso a paso, examinando y rebatiendo los puntos que son cuestionados y supuestamente redargüidos (véase Urban, 2022), procurando demostrar que la propuesta etimológica que ofreciéramos previamente, lejos de ser “rotundamente rechazada” (p. 103), por “cuestionable” (p. 106), “inadecuada” (p. 107), “forzada” (p. 117), etc., se mantiene incólume, como resultado del escrutinio riguroso de los datos analizados. Tales puntos tienen que ver con: (a) la filiación de la voz protoquechua (PQ)*kanĉa, que no sería compartida con el protoaimara (PA); (b) la postulación de la terminación -n del topónimo como reflejo del posesivo o adjudicador aimara -ni, que sería un artificio; (c) el empleo del dígrafo culto <ch> en la onomástica andina, que Matthias Urban considera inusitado; (d) la asociación etimológica entre <Canda> y <Chanchan>, que el mencionado autor asume igualmente gratuita; (e) el flaco recurso de la reduplicación de radicales monosilábicos, que argumentaría en favor del topónimo <Chan Chan>, asumido como de filiación idiomática quingnam; y (f) el supuesto “rol conquistador” y difusor del aimara y el quechua que, según Urban (2017), habrían ejercido, de acuerdo con mis planteamientos, en la costa norte peruana.In the present article I discuss the reservations and objections held (cfr. Urban, 2022) against my etymological proposal offered in Cerrón-Palomino (2020b), where I argue, based on overwhelming evidence, that the noun <Chanchán> is of Quechumaran origin, thereby discarding hypothetical alternatives put forward due to mere topo-linguistic inferences, the lack of onomastic acquaintance, or even the absence of an essential archival and documentary inquiry. In this respect, I stand by the etymology I proposed, which is explicit and rigorous to the scrutiny of any thorough specialist in the field. Thus, my article will examine and refute, on a step-by-step basis, the arguments that are questioned and allegedly counter-argued (see Urban, 2022), in order to demonstrate that my original proposal is not “categorically rejected” (p. 103), “questionable” (p. 106), “inadequate” (p. 107), “forced” (p. 117), etc., but is rather the result of an objective and unprejudiced endeavor. The arguments in question are (a) the filiation of the Protoquechuan (PQ) term *kanĉa, allegedly not shared with Protoaymaran (PA); (b) the proposal of the -n ending of the toponym as a reflection of the Aymaran possessive or adjudicator -ni, depicted as an artifice; (c) the use of the cult digraph <ch> in Andean onomastics, characterized as unusual; (d) the contrived etymological association between <Canda> and <Chanchan> that the aforementioned author readily accepts; (e) the meager resort to the reduplication of monosyllabic roots, purportedly conveying the <Chan Chan> toponym a Quingnam filiation; and (f) the pretended “conquering and spreading role” that Aymara and Quechua had in the north Peruvian coast, which Urban (2017) attributes to my proposal
Positive definite almost regular ternary quadratic forms over totally real number fields
No full textChan, WK (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Icaza, MI. Univ Talca, Inst Matemat & Fis, Talca, ChileLet F be a totally real number field and let be the ring of integers in F. A totally positive quadratic form f over is said to be almost regular with k exceptions if f represents all but k elements in F that are represented by f locally everywhere. In this paper, we show that for a fixed positive integer k, there are only finitely many similarity classes of positive definite almost regular ternary quadratic forms over with at most k exceptions. This generalizes the corresponding finiteness result for positive definite ternary quadratic forms over by Watson (PhD Thesis, University College, London, 1953; Mathematika 1 (1954) 104-110)
A systematic review of epidemiological studies on the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by paediatric cancer patients. Presented at ECIM 2008.
No full textBackground: paediatric cancer patients are likely to use complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) alongside more conventional interventions. A number of individual studies have been carried out to examine prevalence rates of CAM use amongst paediatric cancer patients. These studies have varied findings and are of mixed quality. This meta-analytic review therefore aimed to assess the quality of this literature and to determine what is known about the prevalence of the CAM use in paediatric cancer. Secondary research questions focused on the types of CAM used, trends in CAM use over time, reasons for CAM use, and demographic characteristics associated with CAM use.Method: electronic and manual searches for relevant studies identified 26 English language journal articles of primary research studies investigating the prevalence of CAM usage among paediatric cancer patients in peer-reviewed journals. A quality assessment checklist was rigorously developed based on the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement in collaboration with Dr. Erik von Elm (lead author of the STROBE statement). Data were extracted and validated by more than one author and analysed using meta-analytic techniques.Results: the prevalence of CAM use by paediatric cancer patients ranged from 40% to 53%. The quality of the studies was mixed and did not correlate with the estimated prevalence of CAM use. ‘Herbals’ was the most popular CAM modality. Paediatric cancer patients use CAM for various reasons. Higher level of education and income were associated with CAM use in North America; the opposite was true for CAM use in Mexico and Turkey.Conclusion: a substantial proportion of paediatric cancer patients use CAM. There is a need to use standardised definitions of the CAM in future studies to generate comparable data. The quality assessment checklist has potential to be a useful quality assessment instrument for other reviews of similar epidemiological studie
Chthamalus williamsi Chan & Cheang, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textChthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Figures 2–5 Material examined. Holotype. NMNS-006534-00001. Intertidal rocks (low shores, at the same tidal zone as Megabalanus volcano) at Shi-Ti-Ping, Hualien, Taiwan (23 ° 29.30 ’N, 121 ° 30.30 ’E, 12 May 2009). Paratype. NMNS-006534-00002. Cheng Gong, Taitung, Taiwan (23 °05.46’N, 121 ° 22.33 ’E, 0 2 Sep. 2008). Paratype. ASIZCR-000328. Cheng Gong, Taitung, Taiwan (23 °05.46’N, 121 ° 22.33 ’E, 0 2 Sep. 2008). Diagnosis. Shell conical; 6 plates, external surfaces white, smooth or with faint ribs; scutum equilateral triangular, tergal articular margin straight, external surface of scutum with horizontal striations; tergum triangular, scutal articular margin straight, spur blunt. Description. Shell small, about 3.0 mm basal diameter, conical; 6 plates (rostrum, carina, paired lateral and paired rostral-lateral; Fig. 2 A–D), externally white, surface smooth or with faint ribs, inner operculum pale orangecoloured; carina and rostrum with a pair of alae, carina short and wide, alae large; rostrum long and narrow, alae large; rostral-lateral triangular, interior surface with central mid rib, radii wide; lateral base wide, alae and radii present (Fig. 2 D); scutum white, triangular, tergal articular margin straight, perpendicular to basal margin, articular ridge not prominent, long with length extending 2 / 3 length of tergal articular margin, articular furrow narrow, deep, occludent margin inclined with fine teeth, scutal adductor scar oval, obvious, external surface of scutum with horizontal striations (Fig. 2 E, F); tergum white, triangular, scutal articular margin straight, extending down to spur, spur blunt, wide, about ½ width of basal margin, articular furrow wide, shallow, basal margin slightly concave (Fig. 2 E, F), 5 fine depressor crests at basal margin, external surface striated. Cirrus I without conical spines on dorsal surface, posterior ramus 5 -segmented, anterior ramus 6 -segmented (Fig. 3 A), both rami with serrulate setae, setae without basal guard (Fig. 4 A–C); cirrus II, anterior ramus 5 - segmented, posterior ramus 7 -segmented (Fig. 3 B), both rami with 2 types of serrulate setae, bidentate and plumose setae, all setae without basal guard (Figs 4 D–F, 5 K, L); cirrus III with rami equal length, anterior ramus 14 -segmented, posterior ramus 12 -segmented (Figs 3 C, 4 G), intermediate segments of cirrus III composed of 5 pairs of long serrulate setae (Fig. 4 H, I); cirrus IV with anterior ramus 14 -segmented, posterior ramus 15 - segmented (Fig. 3 D); cirrus V with anterior ramus 18 -segmented, posterior ramus 15 -segmented (Fig. 3 E), intermediate segments of both rami with 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of shorter setae (Fig. 4 J); cirrus VI with anterior ramus 19 -segmented, posterior ramus 17 -segmented, intermediate segments of anterior and posterior rami composed of 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of shorter setae (Fig. 4 K); penis long, slender, sparse setae along length, tip with dense bundle of setae (Fig. 5 I, J). Maxilla bilobed, serrulate setae on both lobes (Fig. 5 A, B); maxillule notched, 3 large setae above notch, 16 setae below notch (Fig. 5 C, D); mandible with 4 teeth, fourth bidentate, lower margin straight, with 14 setae, inferior angle with pair of large setae (Fig. 5 E, F); labrum concave, notch absent, dense setae at mid region of cutting margin, latter with numerous fine teeth (Fig. 5 G, H). Etymology. Chthamalus williamsi is named in honour of Prof. Gray A. Williams, Director of the Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Science, the University of Hong Kong, for life-long friendship and mentorship with the first author and for his contributions to the intertidal ecology in the South China Sea. Distribution. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. is common inside crevices of the mid shore of the intertidal zone, and on the shell surfaces of the barnacle Megabalanus volcano (Pilsbry, 1916) and M. tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) on low shores of the eastern waters of Taiwan. Chthamalus williamsi has not been identified previously from Taiwan as it is not easily spotted, due to its small size and low shore location. This species is absent from the N and NE coasts of Taiwan although intensive sampling was conducted (Fig. 1), suggesting its distribution may be associated with the Kuroshio Current. Molecular analysis. From both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees of a COI region, Chthamalus williamsi shows a distinct divergence from C. challengeri, C. dalli, C. moro, C. malayensis and C. sinensis (sequence divergence> 0.13 K 2 P distance from all the Chthamalus species compared; Table 1). Chthamalus sinensis and C. neglectus grouped in the same clade, suggesting C. neglectus is a synonym of C. sinensis (see Liu & Ren 2007 for synonyms of C. neglectus and C. sinensis).Published as part of Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2015, A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores, pp. 547-558 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23674
[[alternative]]A Study on the Rewarding Policy for Elite Athletes in China
No full text[[abstract]]ABSTRACT
In previous China, the rewarding policy of accomplished athletes, coaches and teams was mainly immaterial. To encourage athletes having better achievement, the government has started to follow both spiritual and corporal rewarding principals after the reform and openness.
After Barcelona Olympics, the rewarding system of China has got the international attraction. Besides, the counseling program of the lives of athletes has also been gradually improved and fulfilled. As the coming of Beijing Olympics in 2008, China will certainly accomplish their rewarding policy.
The research covers the time span from the establishment of the regime of the PRC in 1949 to the end of the year 2004； and focuses on the rewarding policy of elite athletes, including spiritual rewards,material rewards and career planning and counseling. The research adopted content analysis. After the policies, laws, specific books and documents concerned with the project in China and Taiwan are analyzed, sorted, verified, and discussed, here comes out the conclusion:
Ａ、The formation and development of Chinese elite athletes rewarding policy are influenced by matriarchy、society、economics, and adapted international sports twigs.
B、Account for corporate Sponsorship come up in china, which not only stabilizes sport teams, but also accelerates the standard of exercise.
C、The current plentiful rewards for the achieved athletes in China have already affected the stability of athletes and long-term athletic development.
D、Even if the rewarding policy has certainly encouraged athletes to be aspirant, over rewarding may cause the negative results.
E、After getting retired, those athletes would only be passively waiting for arrangements from the government. The problems of non-satisfied with their jobs might come out after all.
F、In the concept of policy itself, society and athletes, China still can’t assure the retiring lives of achieved athletes.
G、The problems of athletic social guaranty affect the Chinese sports development. The sport insurance has already been gradually corrected, though, there are still many problems needed to be solved.
Water-soluble polymer-based cantharimides as potentially selective anti-tumor agents
No full textUS8344007; US8344007 B2; US8344007B2; US8,344,007; US 8,344,007 B2; 8344007; Appl. No. 12/428,488Author name used in this invention: Johnny Cheuk-on TangAuthor name used in this invention: Kim-hung LamAuthor name used in this invention: Chung-hin ChuiAuthor name used in this invention: Marcus Chung Wah YuenUSVersion of Recor
Understanding the formation of ultrafine spinel CoFe₂O₄ nanoplatelets and their magnetic properties
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Leung, Chiwah.Author name used in this publication: Chan YukkwanAuthor name used in this publication: Mak, CheeleungAuthor name used in this publication: Wong, Kinhung2012-2013 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
The Role of Prior Belief in Children's Trust in Testimony: A Social Ecological Approach.
No full textThroughout development, we accumulate knowledge about the world around us by reconciling novel information from external sources with our existing beliefs. However, little is known about how the reconciliation process develops, and how its development interacts with the environment. This dissertation explores the relationship between the strength of prior beliefs and children’s trust in testimony, and examines how this relationship operates across different social contexts, developmental stages, and cultures. The cultural investigation, in particular, is organized in relation to the ways in which culturally-shaped beliefs and experiences combine to socialize independent vs. interdependent learners.
Across three studies (N = 200), preschoolers, kindergartners, and second-graders in the United States and in Hong Kong categorized objects in the presence of a confederate teacher, who sometimes provided labels that were in conflict with children’s beliefs about the objects. The ambiguity of the objects receiving unexpected labels (ambiguous vs. non-ambiguous) and the social context (the teacher’s presence vs. absence) were manipulated. Converging measures (endorsement of unexpected labels, spontaneous comments, and reaction times) were used to portray multiple aspects of children’s trust behavior. Vignettes of hypothetical transgressions and questionnaire
items were further used to elicit trust-relevant perceptions from children and their caregivers.
Four key findings emerged from the investigation. First, the strength of prior beliefs influenced trust behavior across all social contexts, ages, and cultures examined. Second, the connection between endorsement and belief strength appeared more fine-tuned in older children. Third, and surprisingly, US kindergartners frequently endorsed unexpected testimony in all of their categorizations, whereas US and Chinese second-graders, and Chinese kindergartners were more selective, categorizing non-ambiguous objects based on their prior beliefs. Finally, the tendency for Chinese learners to be more prevention-focused and vigilant against error than US learners likely contributed to the cross-cultural patterns found in children’s trust in testimony.PhDPsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84497/1/chancc_1.pd
Development of a whole cell vaccine for acute myeloid leukaemia
No full textWe describe the modification of tumour cells to enhance their capacity to act as antigen presenting cells with particular focus on the use of costimulatory molecules to do so. We have been involved in the genetic modification of tumour cells to prepare a whole cell vaccine for nearly a decade and we have a particular interest in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML is an aggressive and difficult to treat disease especially for patients for whom haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant is not an option. AML patients who have a suitable donor and meet HSC transplant fitness requirements, have a 5 year survival of 50%, however for patients with no suitable donor or for which age is a factor, the prognosis is much worse. It is particularly poor prognosis patients, who are not eligible for HSC transplant, who are likely to benefit most from immunotherapy. It would be hoped that immunotherapy would be used to clear residual tumour cells in these patients in the first remission following standard chemotherapy treatments and that this will extend the remission and reduce the risk of a second relapse associated with disease progression and poor mortality rates. In this symposia report we will focus on whole cell vaccines as an immunotherapeutic option with particular reference to their use in the treatment of AML. We will aim to provide a brief overview of the latest data from our group and considerations for the use of this treatment modality in clinical trials for AM
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