102,961 research outputs found
HIV status, breastfeeding modality at 5 months and postpartum maternal weight changes over 24 months in rural South Africa
No full textObjective:
To determine the effect of infant feeding practices on postpartum weight change among HIV-infected and -uninfected women in South Africa.<p></p>
Methods:
In a non-randomised intervention cohort study of antiretroviral therapy-naïve women in South Africa, infants were classified as exclusive (EBF), mixed (MF) or non-breastfed (NBF) at each visit. We analysed infant feeding cumulatively from birth to 5 months using 24-hour feeding history (collected weekly for each of the preceding 7 days). Using generalised estimating equation mixed models, allowing for repeated measures, we compared postpartum weight change (kg) from the first maternal postpartum weight within the first 6 weeks (baseline weight) to each subsequent visit through 24 months among 2340 HIV-infected and -uninfected women with live births and at least two postpartum weight measurements.<p></p>
Results:
HIV-infected (−0.2 kg CI: −1.7 to 1.3 kg; P = 0.81) and -uninfected women (−0.5 kg; 95% CI: −2.1 to 1.2 kg; P = 0.58) had marginal non-significant weight loss from baseline to 24 months postpartum. Adjusting for HIV status, socio-demographic, pregnancy-related and infant factors, 5-month feeding modality was not significantly associated with postpartum weight change: weight change by 24 months postpartum, compared to the change in the reference EBF group, was 0.03 kg in NBF (95% CI: −2.5 to +2.5 kg; P = 0.90) and 0.1 kg in MF (95% CI: −3.0 to +3.2 kg; P = 0.78).<p></p>
Conclusion:
HIV-infected and -uninfected women experienced similar weight loss over 24 months. Weight change postpartum was not associated with 5-month breastfeeding modality among HIV-infected and -uninfected women
Child sex tourism in South African law / by cKasturi Chetty
No full textChild sex tourism is tourism organised with the primary purpose of facilitating a commercial sexual relationship with a child. It involves a segment of the local child sex industry that is directly connected to both an international and domestic tourist market. The increase of tourism has brought with it complications in that tourism is being used as a means for sex tourists to initiate contact with children. Aside from child sex tourists who are paedophiles, there are those who engage in the opportunistic exploitation of children while travelling on business or for other reasons. There are a number of social and economic factors leading to child sex tourism and the effect is that child victims are exposed to immediate harm, irreversible damage and even death.
As South Africa's tourism industry expands into one of the country’s top earners of foreign currency, it is unfortunate to note that its child sex tourist trade is also on the increase. Reports show that sex tours are as easily organised as wine route tours in Cape Town. Commercial sexual exploitation of children is prevalent in South Africa and has become more organised in recent years. A comprehensive response to the problem is essential to ensure that South Africa does not become a “safe haven” for child sex tourists. Effective laws at home and the extraterritorial application of these laws to prosecute South African nationals for crimes committed abroad are imperative.
Significant steps are being taken both nationally and internationally to target child sex tourism. South Africa has ratified several international instruments on children’s rights, trafficking in persons, child labour, and discrimination against women and young girls, all of which relate to child sex tourism. In doing so, South Africa has made an international commitment to uphold the provisions of these instruments and give effect to them. South Africa is therefore under an international obligation to create the necessary structures and apply mechanisms and resources to combat child sex tourism
Race Fundamentalism: Caribbean Theater and the Challenge to Black Diaspora
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2013This dissertation engages with radical Caribbean theater as a crucial literary archive that is nonetheless underexplored as an expression of political culture and thought. The theoretical grounding of the chapters emerges from the analytically generative thrust of a comment by C. L. R. James in The Black Jacobins: "to neglect the racial factor as merely incidental is an error only less grave than to make it fundamental." While the phrase asserts that race cannot be neglected, it also cautions against ensconcing race as fundamental analytical priority, suggesting a powerfully fluid conceptualization of radical political culture. My chapters argue that radical theater projects in Jamaica and the Dominican Republic share this fluid conceptualization of radical politics with the Trinidadian James's own stage versions of the Haitian Revolution. These theater projects differ from more static paradigms within diaspora, transnational, and race studies that reduce political radicalism to race, precisely the "fundamentalist" approach to race against which James cautions. This reduction fails to register how race, diaspora, and nation continue to be fashioned within a context of persistent class struggle, colonialism and imperialism, and sexism. Furthermore, scholarly discussions of race and diaspora often are rooted fundamentally in U.S. experience, obscuring the ways race is negotiated differently in various New World diasporas, including those in the Caribbean region. The plays I analyze open up the articulations between race, class, and gender in anti-colonial, anti-racist, and anti-sexist struggles. Furthermore, I attend both to the intra-Caribbean differences that influence the development of radical political culture and to the important connections across areas too often analyzed along colonially fragmented lines. My pan-Caribbean approach avoids thinking of the region as exclusively understandable through linguistically-determined approaches. Across different linguistic and colonial histories, the plays I study cohere in the way they stage political agency through popular culture, collaboration, and spectator participation, all central to each play's aesthetic development and politics but irreducible to race. While race does feature in each play as the site for political radicalism, the performances of race, blackness, and diaspora in the plays are often unrecognizable to U.S. elaborations. Chapter 1, "The Tragicomedy of Anticolonial Overcoming: Toussaint Louverture and The Black Jacobins on Stage," focuses on James's 1936 and 1967 versions of his Haitian plays to disagree with David Scott's emphasis on tragedy in his reading of James's revisions to the history version of The Black Jacobins. James's use of comedy imagines possible futures in the face of tragic postcolonial failures to live up to romantic anticolonial expectations for total revolution. Comedy also challenges the reduction of both versions of the play to a single story of anticolonial black struggle, as the later version renders blackness secondary to post-independence African and West Indian class struggles. In Chapter 2, "Can a Mulatta be a Black Jacobin?" I argue that reading James as sole reviser of the 1936 play into the 1967 version elides the collaborations so important to the revisions. The most radical revision is the centrality of a militant mulatta, challenging scholarly depictions of James as, at worst, a paragon of patriarchy and, at best, a man caught between the feminist politics of the women in his life and the constraints of a male-centered revolutionary and anticolonial tradition. The next chapter, "`Listen, American Negro': Racial Performance, Dominican Street Theater, and `Global' Blackness," analyzes Reynaldo Disla's Un comercial para Máximo Gómez and Frank Disla's Ramón Arepa to counter the sense that Dominicans are "negrophobic." Such an indictment fails to account for the distance between Dominican articulations of blackness and "fundamentalist" versions of blackness, often emanating from the U.S., that masquerade as global. Both plays rely on black-affirming cultural practice in Afro-creolized Dominican carnival, a practice that is unrecognizable to those accustomed to a black-white binary and that does not depend on experiences with U.S. racism and anti-racist struggle. My final chapter, "`Teach his People the Value of Unity': Black Diaspora, Women, and Una Marson's Pocomania," engages Jamaican playwright Una Marson's play Pocomania (1938) for the way Africanness and blackness are sites of struggle that play out over middle and lower class women's power, and map onto the contrast between "proper" Christian practice and Afro-creolized religious practice in yard life. While the play connects Pocomania religious practice with African traditions, its focus is not in authenticating the Africanness of Jamaican culture. Instead, it underscores the intraracial struggles between African-descended Jamaicans, struggles marked not only by religion but also by linguistic, educational, and class-based hierarchies
Creativity and imagination : symbolism, ritual performance and identity formation in the Corinthian Church of South Africa
No full textCITATION: Mbaya, H. & Chetty, I. G. 2012. Creativity and imagination : symbolism, ritual performance and identity formation in the Corinthian Church of South Africa. Scriptura, 111(3):569-582, doi:10.7833/111-0-37.The original publication is available at http://scriptura.journals.ac.zaIn this article, we highlight the religious rituals that characterize the Corinthian Church of South Africa based in Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. We highlight that not only do these rituals express the unique identity of the members of the Corinthian Church but more importantly they act as tools through which the individual members strive to experience social/spiritual security. We also argue that more significantly the Corinthians use these rituals to reach out to their immediate communities. Thus through such activities the Corinthians contribute to the social cohesion of the local communities.http://scriptura.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/37Publisher's versio
Limnological studies on Yellamallappa Chetty Lake, Bangalore, Karnataka
No full textWater quality plays an important role in the survival and distribution of aquatic organisms. It is dependent on physicochem. and microbiol. parameters. Yellamallappa Chetty Lake (YCL) has historically clear water and used to supply for the drinking purpose. Local residents explain that water clarity has decreased appreciably in recent years. The study was initiated in response to concern over deteriorating water quality, probability of increased nutrient loading from non point sources and municipal effluents. Water quality data were collected at 8 sampling sites from Feb. 2004 to June, 2004. Noticeable changes in many water quality parameters were obsd. High nutrient concns., the increasing incidence of nuisance algal blooms, and trophic state index values' indicate that it can be currently classified as Eutrophic
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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3346: Samuel G. Freedman, author, 2013
No full textPhotograph of author Samuel G. Freedman, at NT Daily Slash meeting in the Mayborn School of Journalism at UNT
The Right to Strike under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada
No full textAnswering critics of the Canadian Supreme Court's judgment in B.C. Health, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter — the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health to the recognition of Charter protec- tion for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to col- lective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capac- ity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.Peer reviewe
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