1,720,954 research outputs found
Distribution, population structure, social organisation, and behaviour of sperm whales off the Kaikoura Coast
No full textThe distribution, population structure, social organisation, and behaviour ofsperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) was investigated off the Kaikoura coast between spring 1990 and summer 1992. Acoustic surveys of uniform coverage design, stereophotogrammetry, and identification photographs were used to carry out this investigation.
The abundance of whales peaked in winter, when significantly more whales were heard during acoustic surveys. Data collected on seasonal distribution and habitat partitioning between large and small males indicate an inshore peak in abundance of large males during winter. Whaling data gathered in this area and knowledge of local fishing trends suggest that this may be in response to movements of groper.
The development of a simple, accurate, boat-based stereophotogrammetry system allowed us to make size estimates for 41 individually identified sperm whales. Length estimates for these whales ranged from 8.69 metres to 14.95 metres with median 95% confidence limits of± 0.46 metres.
Likely sex, age, and maturity levels were assigned for all measured and identified whales in the population. These assignments were based on our length estimates, presence or absence of a dorsal callus and an age/length key. Dorsal calluses were observed on 24.4% of whales believed to be females, immatures and pubertal males. Our data indicate that the population of sperm whales off the Kaikoura coast was largely comprised of young males between the ages of about 10 and 20 years. Most of the whales were in the age range of pubertal males, with five males being in the sexually mature age range, and three in the socially mature age range. There were also a few small whales whose sizes suggest they may be females or immature males.
Associations among whales were weak. The majority of encounters were with single whales. Large groups were rarely seen, and whales seen in groups tended to be of similar size. Breaches, lobtails, and codas, which are believed to serve in social communication, were very infrequent.
The whales appeared to be spending most of their time feeding. Dives lasting an average of 40 minutes were typically followed by a c. 10 minute resting period at the surface. Whales approached while at the surface sometimes exhibited avoidance reactions to approaching vessels by turning away or shallow diving
Distribution, population structure, social organisation, and behaviour of sperm whales off the Kaikoura Coast
Get PDFThe distribution, population structure, social organisation, and behaviour ofsperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) was investigated off the Kaikoura coast between spring 1990 and summer 1992. Acoustic surveys of uniform coverage design, stereophotogrammetry, and identification photographs were used to carry out this investigation.
The abundance of whales peaked in winter, when significantly more whales were heard during acoustic surveys. Data collected on seasonal distribution and habitat partitioning between large and small males indicate an inshore peak in abundance of large males during winter. Whaling data gathered in this area and knowledge of local fishing trends suggest that this may be in response to movements of groper.
The development of a simple, accurate, boat-based stereophotogrammetry system allowed us to make size estimates for 41 individually identified sperm whales. Length estimates for these whales ranged from 8.69 metres to 14.95 metres with median 95% confidence limits of± 0.46 metres.
Likely sex, age, and maturity levels were assigned for all measured and identified whales in the population. These assignments were based on our length estimates, presence or absence of a dorsal callus and an age/length key. Dorsal calluses were observed on 24.4% of whales believed to be females, immatures and pubertal males. Our data indicate that the population of sperm whales off the Kaikoura coast was largely comprised of young males between the ages of about 10 and 20 years. Most of the whales were in the age range of pubertal males, with five males being in the sexually mature age range, and three in the socially mature age range. There were also a few small whales whose sizes suggest they may be females or immature males.
Associations among whales were weak. The majority of encounters were with single whales. Large groups were rarely seen, and whales seen in groups tended to be of similar size. Breaches, lobtails, and codas, which are believed to serve in social communication, were very infrequent.
The whales appeared to be spending most of their time feeding. Dives lasting an average of 40 minutes were typically followed by a c. 10 minute resting period at the surface. Whales approached while at the surface sometimes exhibited avoidance reactions to approaching vessels by turning away or shallow diving
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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