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Indoor Microclimate Conditions and the Impact of Transformations on Hygrothermal Comfort in the Old Ottoman Houses in Algiers
No full textThis article focuses on the assessment of microclimatic conditions in the Ottoman residential buildings in the old city of Algiers. It aims to identify the nature of architectural transformations and to analyse their impact on hygrothermal comfort and the indoor microclimate so as to suggest ways to improve the current level of comfort within the traditional houses. The object of this article is to identify the nature of this transformation process, to find out, not only what triggers it but what fuels it, and to analyse its impact on the environment, or more specifically, on the hygrothermal comfort, within the building. It entails, primarily, an analysis of the colonial and post-colonial architectural transformations, followed by a verification of all the components of hygrothermal comfort through numerical simulation and modelling. The aim is to correct the interior comfort of the current houses in the Casbah. The results obtained will clarify the nature of these colonial and post-colonial changes, which were carried out to satisfy the needs of the inhabitants, and lead to an evaluation of environmental quality, assessed through the parameters that influence the indoor microclimate of houses in Algeria
Improving the indoor climate of the traditional Ottoman houses in the Medina of Algiers
Get PDFThe implementation of energy efficiency in historic buildings is limited and different parameters inhibit the improvement of microclimate conditions or energy performance. The aim of our research is to study the residential buildings of the old city of Algiers and to highlight the colonial and post-colonial transformations. The hygrothermal comfort is studied in order to identify a typical model of house having undergone transformations. This work requires a scientific and multidisciplinary approach integrating historical understanding, modern non-destructive inspection techniques and advanced experimental and numerical analysis methods (modelling and thermal dynamic simulation). The results show that in some cases of traditional houses, the transformations have been positive. The modification had a good functioning to modulate the variations of temperature and an indoor air quality allowing the occupants to profit from various zones of comfort. In other cases the undergone transformations generated enormous disorder resulting from discomfort situations. This work will provide adequate solutions to improve energy efficiency and sustainability for this residential heritag
L’Habitat fortifié sur la frontière romaine présaharienne en Algérie orientale (Oasis des Ziban, Algérie)
No full textFortified settlement on the pre-Saharan Roman border in eastern Algeria between the 11th and 18th centuries. (Oasis of Ziban, Algeria). The fortified settlements on the foothills of the Zab Mountains occupy a geographical area which has long kept its status as a zone of cultural contact. In fact, after having belonged to the furthermost reaches of the Roman Empire, the pre-Saharan Zab made up the western boundary of Ifriqiyah with its location in the Gemellae sector in the south of Numidia . The intermingling of these two cultures inevitably led to the production of a Ziban landscape with its own characteristics. This article aims to go beyond a simple classification of the morphological attributes in the establishments situated on the left bank of the River Djedi, in the ancient confines of Numidia, to link the form of their dwellings with ancient Ziban lime structures, medieval principles of territorial division and the demands of irrigation. The cross-checking of texts concerning the historical geography of the Medieval and Ottoman eras, with material data from both excavations and the interpretation of cartographic records, together with the findings of on site surveys and investigations, has resulted in the formation of a corpus on these agglomerations in the western Zab Valley, while highlighting their fortified and hierarchical character. An analysis of the plans from historical records identified the morphological and functional attributes of all the establishments in this corpus of study, which resulted in their final classification into two groups : “ main” towns or “ secondary” agglomerations.L’habitat fortifié aux piémonts des monts du Zab occupe un territoire géographique qui a longtemps gardé un statut de zone de contact culturel. Bien avant que le Zab présaharien n’appartienne à la marche occidentale de l’Ifriqiya, il se trouvait aux confins de l’Empire romain grâce à l’implantation du secteur de Gemellae au sud de la Numidie. Le métissage de différentes cultures locales et romaines a eu inévitablement pour impact la production d’un paysage zibanais portant ses propres marques. L’objectif escompté à travers cet article dépasse l’identification des attributs morphologiques des établissements situés dans les confins antiques de la Numidie, sur la rive gauche d’Oued Djedi. On veut mettre davantage en relation les formes de leurs habitats avec les structures antiques du limes Zabensis, les principes des divisions territoriales médiévales et les impératifs de l’irrigation. Les recoupements des textes relevant de la géographie historique, avec les données matérielles issues des archives cartographiques du XIXe siècle, mais aussi avec les résultats des investigations sur terrain, ont abouti à la construction d’un corpus des agglomérations du Zab occidental. Le fait de démontrer leur caractère fortifié et hiérarchisé permet de refléter un des aspects de l’habitat rural entre le 11e et le 18e siècle. Notre analyse des archives cartographiques qui a précisé dans un premier temps les attributs morphologiques et fonctionnels des établissements du corpus d’étude, a produit au final leur catégorisation en cités « chefs-lieux » et en agglomérations « secondaires ».Haoui Samira, Chergui Samia. L’Habitat fortifié sur la frontière romaine présaharienne en Algérie orientale (Oasis des Ziban, Algérie). In: Annales d'Université "Valahia" Târgovişte. Section d'Archéologie et d'Histoire, Tome 21, 2019. pp. 87-103
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les morisques et l’effort de construction d’Alger aux xviie et xviiie siècles
Get PDFL’expansion urbaine d’Alger au xviie siècle coïncide avec l’arrivée importante de morisques. Les métiers du bâtiment semblent avoir connu en effet un épanouissement sans précédent, au même titre que l’activité architecturale qui s’est vue fortement stimulée. Cette implication de la diaspora morisque dans l’effort de construction et de rénovation du cadre architectural algérois tout au long des xviie et xviiie siècles s’exprime dans la documentation habûs, pour la plupart inédite. Les morisques ont joué aussi un rôle important dans l’exercice des fonctions publiques en assurant de tout temps l’encadrement des institutions relatives à la gestion municipale de la ville. Le renforcement de sa fonction religieuse a bénéficié enfin de leur grande générosité.Algiers’ urban expansion during the 17th century coincided with the important arrival of the Moriscos. The construction works seemed to have known an unprecedented growth, along with the architectural activity which was noticed to be strongly stimulated. This Moriscos Diaspora’s contribution to the construction and renovation of Algiers’ architectural framework throughout the 17th and 18th centuries is reflected in the habûs documentation, which was mostly unpublished. The Moriscos also took a big responsibility in the exercise of the public functions by perpetually providing the frame of institutions in relation to the municipal management of the city. The reinforcement of its religious function has finally benefited from their generosity
Le waqf et l’urbanisation d’Alger à l’époque ottomane
No full textDans l’Alger ottoman où le tissu urbain avait atteint très vite une densité considérable et où se trouvaient de moins en moins de terrains aptes à recevoir la moindre nouvelle construction, on mesure bien l’importance des fondations habûs. En offrant au pouvoir central ottoman aussi bien qu’aux populations algéroises un cadre juridique commode pour la réalisation d’opérations immobilières, d’envergure assez souvent mineure, elles aspirent à jouer un rôle significatif dans le développement urbain et dans l’organisation de l’espace de cette ville, dès la fin du xvie siècle. Le présent texte se propose de cerner le rapport que devait entretenir la ville avec l’ensemble de ses fondations waqf. À la lumière des renseignements fournis par les documents d’archives de l’administration ottomane, on est amené à déterminer, en ce qui concerne Alger, le degré d’implication de l’acte habûs, proprement dit, dans la réurbanisation de la ville.In the Ottoman Algiers where the urban network had very quickly reached a considerable density and where fewer and fewer grounds apt to receive the smallest construction were found, we can measure the importance of religious property foundations, the “habus”. By offering a juridical framework to the central Ottoman power as well as to the Algiers population facilitating real estate operations of a quite often minor scale, they aimed at playing a significant role in urban development and in urban space organisation, as early as the end of the 16th century. The present text tries to determine the relationship that the town keeps up with the Waqf foundations. In the light of information given by archive documents from the Ottoman period administration, we are led to determine the degree of the “habus” act involvement concerning Algiers, in other words, in a reurbanisation of the town.En el Argel otomano donde el tejido urbano había alcanzado rápidamente una densidad considerable y en el que se encontraba cada vez menos terrenos apropiados para nuevas construcciones, notamos bien la importancia de las fundaciones habûs. Al ofrecer tanto al poder central otomano como a las populaciones de Argel un cuadro jurídico adecuado para la realización de operaciones inmobiliarias, generalmente de importancia menor, esto desempeña un papel significativo en el desarrollo urbano y la organización del espacio de esta ciudad, a partir de finales del siglo xvi. El presente texto propone ceñir la relación que debía de entretener la ciudad con el conjunto de sus fundaciones waqf-s. Gracias a las informaciones recogidas en los documentos de archivos de la administración otomana, podemos determinar, en lo que concierne Argel, el grado de implicación del acto habûs, propiamente dicho, en la reurbanización de la ciudad.يمكن لنا إدراك أهمية مؤسسات الحُبُس في مدينة الجزائر العثمانية حيث بلغ النسيج العمراني بسرعة كثافة معتبرة و حيث أصبحت الأراضي الجديرة باستقبال البنايات الجديدة قليلة شيئا فشيئا. كانت هذه الهيئات تطمح إلى القيام بدور ذي أهمية بليغة في التنمية الحضرية و في تنظيم فضاء هذه المدينة في نهاية القرن السادس عشر الميلادي و بذلك بمنحها للسلطة العثمانية المركزية و كذلك لسكان مدينة الجزائر إطارا قانونيا ملائما من أجل إنجاز عمليات عقارية ضخمة لكنها قليلة جدا. تحاول هذه الدراسة حصر العلاقة التي يمكن أن تقام بين المدينة و مجموع مؤسسات الحُبس و على ضوء المعلومات المستقاة من أرشيف الإدارة العثمانية، فإننا سنسعى، فيما يخص مدينة الجزائر، إلى تحديد مدى حضور عقد الحُبُس في إعادة إعمار المدينة
Le waqf et l’urbanisation d’Alger à l’époque ottomane
No full textDans l’Alger ottoman où le tissu urbain avait atteint très vite une densité considérable et où se trouvaient de moins en moins de terrains aptes à recevoir la moindre nouvelle construction, on mesure bien l’importance des fondations habûs. En offrant au pouvoir central ottoman aussi bien qu’aux populations algéroises un cadre juridique commode pour la réalisation d’opérations immobilières, d’envergure assez souvent mineure, elles aspirent à jouer un rôle significatif dans le développement urbain et dans l’organisation de l’espace de cette ville, dès la fin du xvie siècle. Le présent texte se propose de cerner le rapport que devait entretenir la ville avec l’ensemble de ses fondations waqf. À la lumière des renseignements fournis par les documents d’archives de l’administration ottomane, on est amené à déterminer, en ce qui concerne Alger, le degré d’implication de l’acte habûs, proprement dit, dans la réurbanisation de la ville.In the Ottoman Algiers where the urban network had very quickly reached a considerable density and where fewer and fewer grounds apt to receive the smallest construction were found, we can measure the importance of religious property foundations, the “habus”. By offering a juridical framework to the central Ottoman power as well as to the Algiers population facilitating real estate operations of a quite often minor scale, they aimed at playing a significant role in urban development and in urban space organisation, as early as the end of the 16th century. The present text tries to determine the relationship that the town keeps up with the Waqf foundations. In the light of information given by archive documents from the Ottoman period administration, we are led to determine the degree of the “habus” act involvement concerning Algiers, in other words, in a reurbanisation of the town.En el Argel otomano donde el tejido urbano había alcanzado rápidamente una densidad considerable y en el que se encontraba cada vez menos terrenos apropiados para nuevas construcciones, notamos bien la importancia de las fundaciones habûs. Al ofrecer tanto al poder central otomano como a las populaciones de Argel un cuadro jurídico adecuado para la realización de operaciones inmobiliarias, generalmente de importancia menor, esto desempeña un papel significativo en el desarrollo urbano y la organización del espacio de esta ciudad, a partir de finales del siglo xvi. El presente texto propone ceñir la relación que debía de entretener la ciudad con el conjunto de sus fundaciones waqf-s. Gracias a las informaciones recogidas en los documentos de archivos de la administración otomana, podemos determinar, en lo que concierne Argel, el grado de implicación del acto habûs, propiamente dicho, en la reurbanización de la ciudad.يمكن لنا إدراك أهمية مؤسسات الحُبُس في مدينة الجزائر العثمانية حيث بلغ النسيج العمراني بسرعة كثافة معتبرة و حيث أصبحت الأراضي الجديرة باستقبال البنايات الجديدة قليلة شيئا فشيئا. كانت هذه الهيئات تطمح إلى القيام بدور ذي أهمية بليغة في التنمية الحضرية و في تنظيم فضاء هذه المدينة في نهاية القرن السادس عشر الميلادي و بذلك بمنحها للسلطة العثمانية المركزية و كذلك لسكان مدينة الجزائر إطارا قانونيا ملائما من أجل إنجاز عمليات عقارية ضخمة لكنها قليلة جدا. تحاول هذه الدراسة حصر العلاقة التي يمكن أن تقام بين المدينة و مجموع مؤسسات الحُبس و على ضوء المعلومات المستقاة من أرشيف الإدارة العثمانية، فإننا سنسعى، فيما يخص مدينة الجزائر، إلى تحديد مدى حضور عقد الحُبُس في إعادة إعمار المدينة
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