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A Comparative Study on the Principles of Book Classification between China and the West
No full text本研究旨在藉由中西圖書分類原理的溯源與比較，瞭解其淵源、內涵、特質及差異，並進一步發掘影響中西圖書分類發展分歧之背景因素。希冀能有助於圖書分類之深入探討和跨文化之研究發展，進而建立中西圖書分類所需之參照，拓寬國人對圖書分類之視野。研究採行的研究方法為文獻分析法。探討的問題主要有：一、中西圖書分類之思想淵源；二、中西圖書分類原理及其異同之處；三、中西圖書分類系統之特質及建置過程中異同之處；四、影響中西圖書分類系統發展分歧之重要因素。據研究問題之設定，本研究之具體成果共有四大項，包括：一、中西圖書分類思想淵源：西方階層式圖書分類屬於「古典範疇理論」，中國圖書分類比較傾向「現代範疇理論」。二、中西圖書分類原理及其異同：1. 標記原理由西方產出；2. 敘述性與動態性理論在西方是先後發展，中國曾並行發展；3. 部份圖書分類原理的萌芽，中國早於西方；4. 中西圖書分類原理受到哲學或邏輯學等領域的影響；5. 中西皆重類目設置原則。三、中西圖書分類系統之特質及建置圖書分類系統之異同：1. 中國的主要特質為價值性、繼承性、具象性、助記性、精簡性、及統一性；西方的則是價值性、繼承性、抽象性、國際性、助記性、通用性、精簡性、及民主性；2. 中西以藏書為分類基礎，西方另具邏輯分類之類型；3. 分類系統類目的層級位置皆取決於類目本身的價值性；4. 中西圖書分類系統的本質皆是減熵原理；5. 中西圖書分類表多奠基在前人的基礎上發展；6. 中西圖書分類系統的內容與教育緊密結合；7. 西方依類歸書，中國因書設類；8. 西方為階層式和分面分析架構，中國則是階層式；9. 西方的標記為抽象式符號，中國的則是文字標記。四、影響中西圖書分類發展分歧之重要因素：1. 中西早期封建政體不同；2. 政治干擾的時期中國長於西方；3. 中國古代學科為整合式，西方為分科式；4. 早期高等教育授課內容中西不同；5. 中西人文傳統思想不同；6. 可借鑒哲學、邏輯學或生物學的分類原理中西有別；7. 跨國學習的經驗西方多於中國；8. 西方目錄學與圖書分類體系獨立發展，中國則相依發展；9. 分類者學科背景中西不同；10. 分類者思維模式中西不同，包括中國形象性與概括性，西方抽象性與分析性。上結論，本研究提出以下幾點建議：一、確保階層分類符合互斥性原則。二、兼顧具象性與抽象性的分類思維。三、現代圖書分類系統可朝「辨章學術，考鏡源流」的目標努力。四、中西圖書分類原理應受到同等重視。五、重視文獻保證原理與類目修訂。This research aims at tracing the source and comparing the principles of book classification between China and the West to find out their origins, intentions, characteristics, and differences. Besides, it further explores background factors which make developments of their own library classification systems divergent. It is hoped that this research can facilitate an in-depth and cross-cultural study, and then set up a necessary reference of comparison, as well as broaden horizons on the topic of library classification.he approach adopted in this research is literature analysis. The research attempts to find answers to the issues: First, what are the origins of thinking on book classification of both China and the West? Second, what principles of book classification do both China and the West hold? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between them? Third, what special features do both Chinese and Western library classification systems have? Are there any similarities and dissimilarities during the course of establishment for Chinese and Western library classification systems? Fourth, what factors cause divergent development of book classification systems between China and the West?he results of this research can be detailed in four corresponding categories: irst, with a major difference on the theoretical application of book classification, the West tends to apply the classical theory of categories, whereas China tends to apply the modern theory of categories.econd, in terms of principles of book classification and their similarities and dissimilarities between China and the West, the results are listed below: 1. Notation principles were proposed in the West; 2. In the West, desrcriptive theories were advanced before dynamic theories while in China these developments were synchronized; 3. Some principles of book classification proposed by Western classificationists originated in China; 4. Both Chinese and Western ideas of library classification were affected by philosophical or logical principles of classification; 5. Both China and the West put more emphasis on principles of class headings. hird, with regard to the characteristics of library classification systems as well as the same and different ideas of building library classification systems between China and the West, the results are listed below: 1. Features of Chinese library classification systems include value, succession, concrete thinking, mnemonics, simplicity, and unity while Western systems include value, succession, abstract thinking, internationalism, mnemonics, interchangeability, simplicity, and democracy; 2. Both Chinese and Western library classification schemes are based on practical collection, whereas those of Western libraries are also based on logical of knowledge classification in addition to practical collection; 3. How a class heading was placed in a classificaiton system depends on its value; 4. The essence of building library classification systems in Chinese and Western libraries was all based on entropy-reducing principle; 5. Both China and the West took their predecessors’ experiences as a foundation while setting up a new book classification system; 6. The contents of book classification systems linked closely with higher education between China and the West; 7. In West, a book classification scheme had been created before its application, whereas in China both were done simultaneously; 8. Most of the structures of Western book classification systems are hierarchical and faceted while those of China are hierarchical only; 9. In the West, notations are abstract symbols while those of China are characters.ourth, in the category of important factors which caused Chinese and Western library classification systems to develop divergently: 1. Forms of feudal government differed greatly between ancient China and Western countries; 2. China suffered from political interference longer than the West; 3. The academic disciplines of ancient China were integratded, whereas those of the West were classified; 4. The programs of higher education were different between ancient China and the West; 5. China and the West have different traditional humanist thinking patterns; 6. The ideas of library classification which could be borrowed from the philosophical, logical or biological principles of classification were different between China and the West; 7. The West had more experience than China in transnational learning; 8. In the West, bibliography and book classification schemes developed independently while in China both developed in a convergent manner; 9. The academic backgrounds of classificationists were different between China and the West; 10. In the West, modes of thought are mostly abstract and analytical while those of China are often based on images and generality.o sum up, this research makes the following suggestions. First, it should be ensured that hierarchical classifications have conformed to the canon of mutual exclusivity. Second, classificationists should give consideration to concrete thinking and abstract thinking on classification at the same time. Third, modern book classification systems may work diligently toward the goal for achieving “revealing the academic principles and defining the origins of different principles.” Fourth, the principles of book classification between China and the West should be paid attention to on an equal basis. Fifth, literary warrant and the revision of class headings should be emphasized.口試委員會審定書 i謝 ii文摘要 iii文摘要 v次 viii目次 x目次 xi一章 緒論 1一節 研究背景與動機 1二節 研究目的與研究問題 6三節 研究範圍與限制 7四節 研究方法 8五節 名詞解釋 15二章 中西知識分類思想溯源 19一節 人類原始分類思維 20二節 西方知識分類 27三節 中國知識分類 60四節 中西知識分類之比較 75三章 中西圖書分類起源與原理 83一節 中西圖書分類起源及其比較 84二節 中西圖書分類原理及其比較 105四章 中西圖書分類系統及其比較 137一節 古希臘羅馬時期與先秦至兩漢 137二節 中世紀前期與魏晉南北朝至唐 149三節 中世紀後期與宋元 170四節 文藝復興時期與明朝 188五節 工業革命時期與清朝鴉片戰爭以前 200六節 西方近代與中國近代 211七節 結語 232五章 結論與建議 241一節 結論 241二節 建議 262三節 進一步研究建議 265考文獻 26
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
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Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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