1,721,266 research outputs found
烏來溫泉遊客遊憩動機與滿意度研究
No full text[[abstract]]A Study on Wulai Area Hot Spring Tourist
Recreational Motivation and Satisfaction Levels
Abstract
Chuang, Yung-Lung
Advisor: Dr. Cheng, Shao-Tung
This thesis is a study of the correlation between tourists’ backgrounds, recreational motivation and satisfaction, it also investigates the degree of satisfaction of different tourists’ backgrounds in the Wulai area. After compiling the data by purposive sampling method, I obtained 564 effective questionnaires in total. The results of this study are as follows:
1.There are more female tourists than male and their ages are mostly in the 18-30 years old group. Most of the tourists’ occupation are in the service industry and their education level is high school. Unmarried people make up the largest percentage and most tourists live in Taipei. There are many returning tourists and most tourist’s income are in the set of 20,001NT-40,000NT per month. Tourists are willing to spend 501NT-1000NT for every visit.
2.The top five reasons for using hot springs are: (1) rest and relaxaction, (2) outdoor activity fun, (3) stress relief from working, (4) improve health condition, (5)experience different hot-spring activities.
3.The most satisfaction of hot spring use came from: (1)the feeling of stress release, (2) water quality of Wuali hot-spring, (3)away from city life, (4) the attitude of the attendant. (5) natural beauty.
4.There is a significant correlation between the recreation motivation of the tourist and age, education level, home location, first visit or re-visit, relationship of the group members, and cost.
5.There is a significant correlation between the recreation satisfaction level and age, occupation, education level, marital status, monthly income, and place of residence.
6.The study shows a strong correlation between recreational motivation and satisfaction level.
Key words: hot spring tourists, recreational motivation, recreational satisfaction
New map of Shanghai /
No full textCover title: Pocket edition 1945, New map of Shanghai.; "Issued by Ya Kwang Geographical Institute."; "1st edition July 1940."; Place names in English or Wade–Giles.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6857727. Insets: Western District Extension, Native City and Central District. Scale not given
[[alternative]]The Analysis of Master's Theses in Sport Management in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]The Analysis of Master’s Theses in Sport Management in Taiwan
Lin, Wen-Cheng
Advisor：Philip Cheng, Shao-Tung, Ph.D.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to understand and analyze the contents and the status of the development of 398 master’s theses and their 26803 references in sport management during 1993-2003 in Taiwan. The Content Analysis was used as the study’s main research method, with the assistance of the Citation Analysis. The instrument “content analysis checklist of master’s theses in sport management in Taiwan” was used to collect data. The data was statistically analyzed in terms of Frequency Distribution and Percentage, Chi-square. The results showed as the followings：
1.The total number of master’s theses in sport management has been growing significantly since 1998. The total number of master’s theses in sport management in different areas has been in unbalanced distribution. There were six major universities playing the key roles in terms of sport management research.
2.The main three research topics of the master’s theses were Sport Marketing Management（Sponsorship included）, Sport Management, Organization and Leadership, Sport Leisure Management.
3.There was no significant correlation found among master’s theses in different years and research topics. The significant correlations were found between these master’s theses were correlations among research purposes, research areas, research instruments, and computerize statistical software.
4.There was no significant correlation found among master’s theses in different areas, research purposes, research areas, research instruments, and computerize statistical software. The significant correlations were found between these master’s theses and their respective research topics, and research instruments.
5.The quantity of references has been increasing. The languages of the references were mainly Chinese and English. Most of the references were published between the year of 1991 and 2003. The main types of the references were books and journals. The most cited English author was Chelladurai, P., and the Chinese counterpart was Ministry of Education（Taiwan）.
This study provides the research information and analysis of Master’s Theses in Sport Management in Taiwan during recent 10 years, and expects the increasing application of qualitative research method in sport management. It would be combined together between Sport Marketing Management and Sport Leisure Management to create benefit for organization, and it would be a future trend.
Key words：Content Analysis, sport management.
[[alternative]]A Study of Physical Education Major Graduates' Career Development of National Taipei Teachers College
No full text[[abstract]]A Study of Physical Education Major Graduates’
Career Development of National Taipei Teachers College
Chen, Po-Ju Advisor: Cheng, Shao-Tung Ph. D.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the employment and professional requirements of Physical Education major graduates, National Taipei Teachers College. In addition, different results of employment of graduates with different background were also compared. With “The Employment and Professional Requirement Survey of Physical Education Major Graduates at National Taipei Teachers College (1997-2001)” as the research tool, the research population was 173 graduates, year of 1997-2001. Descriptive statistics (allotment frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation), and chi-square test were utilized for data analysis. Three former chairs and one current chair were interviewed based on the results of this study. The final results found were:
1. The employment of physical education major graduates at National Taipei Teachers College.
(1) 94.7% of the graduates hold a teaching position at elementary schools, 41.6% serves as a teacher and class advisor.
(2) 59.2% of the government-support graduates entered the job market right after their graduation; 29.6% of graduates were employed in one month after graduation; and 72.0% of graduates do not consider to change their jobs after being employed.
(3) Three criteria for selecting current job in order is: appropriate school location, appropriate working environment, the consistency of their jobs and expectations.
(4) 50.4% of the graduates receive an average monthly salary of NT$40,001~45,000, and 64.8% of them are satisfied, while 35.2% were not satisfied.
(5) Employment satisfaction and reasons: 73.6% of the graduates satisfy with their current job, while 26.4% dissatisfy with their current employment. Top three reasons of satisfaction include stable job with security, harmonious interpersonal relationships, and appropriate school location. Top three reasons of dissatisfaction include inappropriate school environment, job does not meet their expectation, and inconvenient school location or inappropriate position.
2. Comparisons of graduate employment with different background
(1) Gender: Significant differences were found in the following criteria: “the timing of first employment after internship”, “adjustment to teaching career period”, “familiarity of physical education major program before their college study”, and “anxiety for future employment while studying”.
(2) Graduate year: dramatic differences lie among the following criteria: “the timing of first employment after internship”, “alteration of working environment frequency”, "average monthly salary”, “satisfaction to current salary”, “adjustment to teaching career period”, “familiarity of physical education major program before their college study”, “satisfaction to Department of Physical Education, National Taipei Teachers College prior their study”, and “the desire for re-selecting Physical Education Department, National Taipei Teachers College”.
(3) The elite athlete-students or government-support student: significant differences were found in the following criteria: “teaching position title at elementary school”, “the timing of first employment after internship”, and “anxiety for future employment while studying”.
(4) Government-support students or self-support students: significant differences were found in the following criteria: “the timing of first employment after internship”, “the coordination of schooling and application”, “satisfaction to current salary”, “anxiety for future employment while studying”, and “the desire for re-selecting Physical Education Department, National Taipei Teachers College”.
(5) Highest education level: significant differences were found in the following criteria: “satisfaction to Department of Physical Education, National Taipei Teachers College prior their study”, and “the desire for re-selecting Physical Education Department, National Taipei Teachers College”.
3. Graduates professional requirements
Practical and application courses receive higher score among the other professional courses, sport activitiy courses, required and elective courses.
Key words: Department of Physical Education, National Taipei Teachers College, professional, employment situation, professional requirements.
[[alternative]]The analysis of Sports Lottery Issue in Asia ---with Examples of China, Japan and Korea
No full text[[abstract]]The Analysis of Sports Lottery Issue in Asia
--with Examples of China Japan and Korea
Kim, Tae-Youn Advisor : Cheng, Shao-Tung Ph. D
Abstract
Due to much attention is put on the sports industry; it has becoming a popular and blooming one. Meanwhile, with time goes by, the sports lottery also draw people’s eyes to play a significant role in the sports field. Owing to people’s enthusiastic participation, the revenue of sports lottery not only brings the financial support to the formal athletic convention but also promotes the development of national sports to the authorities concerned of China, Japan and Korea. This research mainly focuses on sports lottery issued in China, Japan and Korea. Hope through the methods of data analysis, interview and discussion used to analyze the current sport lottery issue situation, running mode and malpractices in China, Japan and Korea will be helpful to offer appropriate and meaningful suggestions to Taiwan sports lottery issue.
1. Types
On-line sports lottery is very common on these three countries. In China, the on-line sports lottery is divided into two types, one is “Predictive-sports Lottery” and the other is “Non-Predictive-sports lottery”. The former one is also classified into three types, the Number, Item and Lottery grouped to be “Non sports to compete”, while there is only soccer sports lottery (sports toto) for “Sports to compete” of the Non-Predictive-sports lottery. In Japan, the situation is much simple. On-line lottery is only for sports toto, motor boat race and bicycle race lottery. As for Korea, there are various kinds of on-line lottery, such as sports toto, basketball sports lottery (sports toto), motor boat race and bicycle race lottery. In addition, there is one more especial printed lottery besides the on-line lottery. Chance taking and drawing types are for the (printed) lottery tickets.
2. Issue of the lottery
There is respective mechanism among countries. In China, it is governed by the central government; while it is governed by Government related enterprises and Foundation in Korea and by Nongovernmental enterprises in Japan.
3. Purchasing and Selling
In China, the lottery-buyers (players) have to go to vending shops to buy the lottery directly by cash. In Korea, there is one more option except tradition cash buying. The lottery-buyers may purchase various lottery, lottery and Sports lottery through internet service then billed by cash card. Much more difference in Japan is the membership system is applied. Different buying methods exist for members and non-members. As well to Korea, it is also available to order through internet and pay by cash card afterwards. Of course, cash trade is accepted in Japan.
4. Varieties
There is only one Object (Soccer) and one game (Sports to compete) in China; while there are three Objects (Soccer, Motor Boat Race and Bicycle Race) and Thirteen kinds of games in Japan.
5. Bonus Shares
There is quite a distinction in the allocation of Prize for First, Second and Third award by the BALL Type lottery among China, Japan and Korea.
6. Operation
It is strictly controlled from the Central Government to the Local Government in China., which is a Vertical Bureaucratic Organization; in Korea, it is operated by the Foundation and Government related enterprises of which belongs to semi-functional organization; while all the concerned decisions and strategies are managed and supervised by committee in Japan, of which belongs to organization of committee.
7. Purchasing and selling channel
Except few retail dealers, the lottery is monopolized in the authorized stores in China. In Japan, the BALL lottery can be purchased not only in stores (convenient stores) but also available in internet, while non-BALL lottery is available in the contest localities and the offices. As for Korea’s Chance-taking lottery, it is only sold in the authorized Lottery stores. The Ball Type lottery, on the contrary, is available in not only convenient stores but also supermarkets and pharmacies; while non-Ball lottery is the same as Japan.
8. Profit Allocation
It is assigned to be 20% for issue cost, 30% for public welfare fund, and 50% for award bonus in China. The Ball-type lottery in Korea and Japan is assigned to be 25% for issue cost, 25% for public welfare fund, and 50% for award bonus. As for the non-Ball-type lottery, there are some differences in Japan and Korea. In Japan, it is 10% for issue cost, 15% for public welfare, and 75% for award bonus; while in Korea, it is 18% for issue cost, 12% for public welfare, and 70% for award bonus.
9. The Use of Lottery-Funded Spending
It takes a large part of investing in large-sized physical activities and contests, including the gymnasiums and exercising places construction, and contests preparation in both China and Korea. In Japan, some parts are for basic physical education and the physical activities development of cities and countries; and the other are for the investment and development for the related Industries and National Public Welfare activities.
Finally, in concern with the above research outcome, some related suggestions for practical implementation and further research will be proposed.
Evaluation of Epitheliotrophic Capacity of Four Different Blood Derivatives on Bovine Corneal Epithelial cells
No full text實驗目的：
犬隻、馬以及人類的自體血清已經成功且廣泛地使用在嚴重的角膜疾病以及促進角膜傷口癒合。人類的臍帶血清在臨床上被認為可以有效地治療乾眼症與持續性的角膜上皮缺損。相對於人類血清與臍帶血清而言，冷凍血漿是一個取得方便，又有良好品質管理的血液製劑，但目前尚未有使用在臨床上的報告。本實驗目的為比較臍帶血清、冷凍血漿與人類血清促進角膜上皮傷口癒合、細胞增生和細胞移行的效果，評估在臨床上這些血液製劑是否可以取代自體血清，或擁有比自體血清更佳的效果；胎牛血清常規地使用在各實驗中，協助試管內 (in vitro) 培養的細胞生長，但近年來因為狂牛病的肆虐，讓此血液製劑在使用上有安全上的疑慮，因此尋找替代的血液製劑變得格外重要，所以本實驗比較了使用這四種血液製劑培養的牛角膜上皮細胞之細胞形態與繁殖效果，進而評估這些血液製劑用來培養細胞的可能性。
材料與方法：
使用的細胞為試管內培養的第二代牛角膜上皮細胞。細胞培養液是用DMEM/F-12稀釋成10%的胎牛血清、人類血清、臍帶血清與冷凍血漿。實驗主要分為傷口癒合試驗、細胞增生試驗、細胞移行試驗、細胞形態的觀察以及血液製劑中生長因子與細胞外基質含量的測定。傷口癒合試驗是在單層的牛角膜上皮細胞上，製造機械性的傷口，比較這四種不同的血液製劑，造成角膜上皮傷口癒合的速度；細胞增生試驗是利用可評估活細胞數的MTS assay，來測試以不同血液製劑培養的牛角膜上皮細胞，經過1、2、3天的培養後，細胞數增加的情形。細胞移行試驗則是利用Boyden chamber來評估這四種血液製劑促進細胞穿過固定直徑孔洞的能力。細胞形態學的觀察是使用這四種血液製劑，培養牛角膜細胞四天後，利用倒立顯微鏡觀察且紀錄比較。最後利用ELISA套組，測定各種人類來源的血液製劑中上皮生長因子 (EGF)、轉化生長因子β1 (TGF-β1) 和fibronectin的濃度。
結果：
在傷口癒合試驗中，胎牛血清使傷口癒合最為快速，其次為三種人類來源的血液製劑；在細胞增生試驗中，胎牛血清造成的細胞增生效果最為顯著、人類血清與臍帶血清次之，冷凍血漿效果最差；在細胞移行試驗中，胎牛血清促進細胞移行的效果最佳、人類血清次之、臍帶血清和冷凍血漿較差；細胞學形態的觀察方面，四種血液製劑培養的牛角膜上皮細胞，在倒立顯微鏡下形態相似。至於三種人類來源血液製劑生長因子的濃度，以臍帶血清最多，人類血清次之，冷凍血漿最少；而細胞外基質fibronectin的含量則是冷凍血漿最多、人類血清次之、臍帶血清最少。
結論：
臍帶血清在傷口癒合試驗、細胞增生試驗、細胞移行試驗以及細胞形態上的表現，都可與人類血清相比，且臨床上已經使用在人類乾眼症和持續性角膜上皮缺損的病患身上，未來可嘗試使用在犬隻或馬身上。冷凍血漿在促進細胞增生和移行的效果稍差，但因取得方便，未來可嘗試使用本實驗的製備方式，輔助治療角膜上皮缺損的病患。至於在培養細胞上，這三種人類來源的血液製劑，在牛角膜上皮細胞上皮化能力的表現，雖沒有像胎牛血清那樣突出，但仍舊可以促進細胞的增生和移行，且維持一定的形態，若要培養未來使用在人類眼睛上的細胞，或許也可考慮這三種人類來源的血液製劑。PURPOSE： Human serum eye drops have been successfully used in treatment of severe ocular surface disorders and enhancement of corneal wound healing. Umbilical cord serum is effective in treatment of dry eye and persistent corneal epithelial defects. Fresh frozen plasma has not yet been tested for use as eye drops in patients, although it is easily available as quality-controlled products from blood banks. Fresh frozen plasma or umbilical cord serum could be used for substituting human serum when the source of human serum lacks. The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture medium has been a major concern worldwide because of bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE). The use of other human source blood-derived products to replace FBS in the culture process would help. We compared these four blood products by investigating the epitheliotrophic capacity in an in vitro model of bovine epithelial cell monolayer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS：Primary cultured bovine corneal epithelial cells were used to investigate wound healing, cell proliferation and migration by means of scratch corneal wound evaluation, MTS assay and Boyden chamber migration assay in response to human serum, umbilical cord serum, fresh frozen plasma and FBS. The concentrations of EGF, TGF-β1, and fibronectin in human serum, umbilical cord serum and fresh frozen plasma were evaluated by ELISA kits.
RESULTS： The effect of promoting corneal epithelial wound healing of FBS was better than three other human sourced blood products. Cell proliferation and migration were best enhanced by FBS, followed by umbilical cord serum and human serum, and were worst in fresh frozen plasma. Growth factor (EGF and TGF-β1) concentrations were significantly higher in umbilical cord serum than in human serum and were lowest in frozen plasma. The concentration of fibronectin in frozen plasma was significantly higher than in human serum and was lowest in umbilical cord serum.
CONCLUSIONS： Umbilical cord serum and fresh frozen plasma may possess potential for substitution of human serum to treatment ocular surface disease and enhance corneal wound healing. Although the enhancement of epitheliotrophic capacity in human-sourced blood products was not as excellent as FBS, these three blood products could also promote proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells. These products could be useful materials in cultivating cells for clinical use.口試委員會審定書 i
謝辭 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 v
第一章 序言 1
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 角膜上皮細胞與其生理之簡介 4
第二節 角膜上皮傷口癒合機制 5
第三節 影響角膜上皮細胞傷口癒合的生長因子和細胞外基質 6
3-1生長因子 6
3-2細胞外基質 10
第四節 淚液的介紹 10
4-1. 淚液對角膜的重要性 10
4-2. 淚液取代物 11
第五節 各種使用於角膜之血液製劑 12
第三章 實驗材料與方法 14
第一節 實驗材料 14
ㄧ、牛角膜上皮細胞之初代培養 14
第二節 細胞上皮化能力的測試 16
ㄧ、傷口癒合測試 16
二、細胞增生測試 17
三、細胞移行測試 18
第三節 血液製劑中成分測試 18
ㄧ、人類上皮生長因子測試 19
二、人類轉化上皮因子β1測試 19
三、人類Fibronectin測試 19
第四節ITS對牛角膜上皮細胞的影響 20
第五節 統計方法 20
第四章 結果 21
第一節 傷口癒合測試 21
第二節 細胞增生測試 21
第三節 細胞移行試驗 22
第四節 細胞形態學下的觀察 22
第五節 各血液製劑內生長因子與細胞外基質成分的比較 23
第六節 不同濃度ITS配合不同濃度血液製劑對牛角膜上皮細胞的影響 23
第五章 討論 25
第一節 四種血液製劑於角膜上皮細胞的表現 25
第二節 血液製劑中各成分對角膜上皮細胞的影響 27
第三節 四種血液製劑在臨床上的應用 32
第四節ITS對血液製劑的加強效果 34
結論 35
參考文獻 36
圖目錄 42
表目錄 4
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
[[alternative]]A Study of Corporate Sponsorship Benefits in Sport Events-A Case Study of Amway Cup World Women Billiards Invitational
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to examine the expected benefits of 2001 Amway Cup World Women Billiards Invitational sponsored by Amway Co. Furthermore, the study analyzed the exposure benefits and acknowledgement benefits of live audiences of this event. To collect data, the author interviewed the head of the Marketing and Corporate Services Department of Amway Taiwan Company Limited. Additionally, a researcher self-designed questionnaire was administered to 600 audiences, selected by systematic sampling, attending the 2001 Amway Cup World Women Billiards Invitational. The study found:
1. The expected benefits of Amway Co. were to get in touch with the youth, to improve the company’s image and publicity, and to promote a sense of friendship with the public.
2. The exposure benefits that Amway Co. gained were as follows:
a) More than 6,000 audiences attended the game, a 20％ increase from last year.
b) One hundred and forty five pieces of news coverage from 15 newspapers during the game, a shortage of 45 pieces of news coverage and 4 newspapers from last year.
c) A rating of 2.60 from cable TV on the playoff, which was the highest since the game first held and was about 1.86 times of the rating (1.40) for last year.
d) A total of 243,045 entries of the game’s Web site, a 17.7 times increase than last year’s 13,766 entries.
3. The result of acknowledgement benefits of Amway Co. revealed:
a) The age of the main audiences was between 16-24 years old, as was expected.
b) Eighty seven point eight percent live audiences recognized that Amway Taiwan Company Limited was the major sponsor of the event.
c) The live audiences showed significant high levels of recognition on “know the attempt of corporate sponsorship”, “the acknowledgement of corporate image”, and “the willingness of people to buy products”.
4. It was concluded that Amway Company’s sponsorship benefits were in line with its expectations.
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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