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A Study on the Operating Performance of Financial Holding Companies in Taiwan
No full text本研究主要利用財務指標對台灣金融控股公司之經營績效進行評估。有別於過去研究著重以獲利能力構面來衡量經營績效，本研究從獲利能力、市場規模、員工貢獻度、經營績效與風險評估等五個面向進行評估，期使金融控股公司經營績效之評估能更為完整。除此之外，亦對台灣金融產業與金融控股公司經營主體之獲利能力進行分析，借此了解金融控股公司之經營績效差異主要來自於產業的獲利能力不同亦或個別子公司之獲利能力差異。本研究主要結果如下：
一、獲利能力部分以國泰金表現最佳，日盛金表現最差；市場規模以國泰金表現最佳，國票金表現最差；員工貢獻度以國泰金表現最佳，日盛金表現最差；經營效率以國泰金與新光金表現最佳，復華金表現最差；風險評估以開發金表現最佳，復華金表現最差。
二、以證券、票券與保險業中的壽險部分為經營主體之金融控股公司，其經營主體所在產業之獲利能力對於金融控股公司之經營績效有決定性之影響。
三、以銀行業為經營主體之金融控股公司，個別子公司之獲利能力對於整體金融控股公司經營績效之影響力大於產業獲利能力之影響力。
後續研究建議方面，日後有興趣之研究者可將質化指標納入經營績效的評估當中；除此之外，也可以試著將台灣金融控股公司與國外進行比較，以了解相對於外國金融控股公司，台灣金融控股公司之優劣勢所在。This research uses financial indicators to evaluate the performance of Financial Holding Companies, FHCs. Unlike past research, in which a firm’s profitability has been strongly emphasized; this research evaluates the performance of Financial Holding Companies by examining profitability, market share, employee contribution, operating efficiency, and risk analysis. The performance of financial industries and master companies of the Financial Holding Companies are also discussed; for the purpose of understanding the causes that may have contributed to the difference in operating performance. Research results are summarized below:
1.Cathay FHC ranks first in profitability, and Jihsun FHC ranks last in profitability. Cathay FHC ranks first in market share and Waterland FHC ranks last in market share. Cathay FHC ranks first in employee contribution, and Jihsun FHC ranks last in employee contribution. Cathay FHC and Shin Kong FHC both rank first in operating efficiency and Fuhwa FHC ranks last in operating efficiency. China Development FHC ranks first in risk analysis, and Fuhwa FHC ranks last in risk analysis.
2.If master companies of FHCs operate under the industries such as security, note, and life insurance; profitability of the whole industry may have a strong impact on the operating performance of FHCs.
3.If master companies operate under the banking industry; profitability of sub companies may have a direct impact on the operating performance of FHCs.
To further understand this topic, future research may consider using qualitative indicators as measures to evaluate operating performances of FHCs. Cross-examining between domestic and foreign Financial Holding Companies can also be used in combination with qualitative indicators to advance one’s research.第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究架構 4
第三節 研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 金融控股公司介紹 6
第二節 金融控股公司之綜效 12
第三節 台灣金融控股公司概況 18
第四節 相關文獻 21
第三章 研究方法 37
第一節 分析模式之擬定 37
第二節 研究步驟 39
第四章 研究結果 45
第一節 金融控股公司經營績效比較 45
第二節 金融控股公司經營績效差異分析 71
第五章 結論與建議 95
第一節 研究結論 95
第二節 建議事項 98
參考文獻 100
附表 10
Simulation and analysis of scramjet combustion chamber assisted by a porous cylindrical burner
No full textJob Accessibility Effects on Apartment Rentals
No full text過去的研究，以買賣交易價格最為樣本，研究工作可及性對住宅價格的影響關係，其多數研究結果顯示工作可及性對住宅買賣交易價格有正向影響。在金融海嘯後期，多數投資者將資金投入更為穩定之資產，其中不乏投入不動產，進而使不動產買賣交易價格提升。其發展背景顯示，買賣交易價格具有投資性需求與消費性需求，在未能排除投資性需求之前提下，其以買賣交易價格作為樣本探討會產生研究偏誤。本研究為填補此研究缺口，以集合住宅租賃價格作為研究樣本進行本研究，並加強對於不同運具之工作可及性，其分別對於不同集合住宅租賃次市場之租賃價格影響關係，進行實證探討。
本研究因應研究目的，分別提出六項假說進行實證研究，分別為：總體工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格有正向影響；不同運具之工作可及性，對集合住宅租賃價格影響關係不同；不同集合住宅建物型態，其工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格影響關係不同；不同集合住宅內部格局，其工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格影響關係不同；在樣本不區分次市場的前提下，不同租賃價格區間，其工作可及性對於集合住宅租賃價格影響關係不同；大眾運具工作可及性對於集合住宅租賃價格影響程度大於私人運具工作可及性對於集合住宅租賃價格影響程度。為了檢驗假說，本研究以臺北都會區7,077筆樣本進行實證研究，並以線性迴歸與分量迴歸進行模式校估，最後以t檢定及標準化係數檢驗假說。
研究結果發現，總體工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格有正向影響；不同運具之工作可及性，其對於不區分次市場之集合住宅租賃價格的影響關係有所不同；除大眾運具工作可及性以外，不同集合住宅租賃建物型態，其總體及各運具工作可及性，對於集合住宅租賃價格之影響關係也有所差異；除總體工作可及性對套房與雅房等次市場租賃價格影響關係相同外，在不同集合住宅內部格局下，其總體及不同運具之工作可及性對不同內部格局集合住宅租賃價格影響關係相異。在分量迴歸的校估結果，顯示樣本在不區分次市場的前提下，高租金群體樣本顯示其總體工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格有顯著負向的影響；對於中低租金群體樣本顯示，其總體工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格有正向影響，說明中低租金對於總體工作可及性之正面依賴程度大於高租金對於總體工作可及性之依賴程度。在標準化係數的結構下，私人運具的工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格影響程度，大於大眾運具工作可及性對集合住宅租賃價格影響程度。顯示在台北都會區，私人運具對租金的影響性大於大眾運具的影響性。
因此，本研究透過實證結果，說明其具有兩項重要的研究貢獻。實證得出其工作可及性對於租賃價格有正向影響，以增加過往未有對於住宅租賃價格之探討，並提供未來工作可及性對於租賃價格研究之奠基；更進一步，本研究針對過去學術少有探討的「不同運具」工作可及性，對於「不同建物型態」與「不同內部格局」之次市場有不同影響之關係，得出實證結果並證明不動產市場之不同次市場，有不同之影響效果，過去多僅對於「總體市場」進行探討，少有次市場之討論，透過本研究實證，次市場及不同運具之工作可及性不同影響效果。The previous studies applied transaction prices to explore the relationships between job accessibility and housing cost and concluded that transaction prices and job accessibility are positively correlated. After the Financial Tsunami in 2008, investors turned their capital to more stable investment targets, which include real estate markets, and have resulted in elevated property prices worldwide in recent years. However, transaction prices are affected by investment demands that result in research biases. Consequently, house rentals are further adequate in studying the issue while have not been well explored before. To fill the research gap, this study empirically investigated job accessibility effects on apartment (or collective housing) rentals using sample data in Taipei Metropolitan Area, Taiwan.
This study examined the effects of job accessibility on apartment rentals for different sub-markets including building types and apartment types, different transportation modes and various rental levels. There were six hypotheses examined in this study: H1: job accessibility positively affects apartment rentals; H2: the effects of job accessibility on apartment rentals are different among various transportation modes; H3: the effects of job accessibility on apartment rentals are different among various building types; H4: the effects of job accessibility on apartment rentals are different among various property types; H5: the effects of job accessibility on apartment rentals are different among various rental levels; H6: the impact of job accessibility of public transportation modes on apartment rentals is greater than the impact of job accessibility of private transportation modes on apartment rentals. To examine the hypotheses, this study employed a gravity-type job accessibility index and used 7,077 observations in Taipei Metropolitan Area in 2009 as the study sample. The linear regression and quantile regression were both used to analyze the sample data. The results show that general job accessibility was positively associated with apartment rentals. And, different sub-markets of building types and apartment types had different effects of general job accessibility on apartment rentals. Also, different job accessibility of transportation modes had different effects on apartment rentals.
There are five important conclusions to this study. First of all, job accessibility would positively affect rentals besides the sub-market of suite and the room. Second, different transportation modes, including motorcycle, car and public transportation, would have different job accessibility effects on rentals. Third, job accessibility would have different effects on rentals of different building type sub-markets. Forth, higher rentals would be negatively affected by job accessibility. Lower rentals would be positively affected by general job accessibility and different transportation modes of job accessibility. Finally, the job accessibility effects of private transportation modes (especially motorcycle) on rentals are greater than that of public transportation modes in Taipei Metropolitan Area.
There are two important contributions to the literatures. First, this study presents new evidence regarding the effects of job accessibility on apartment rentals and the effects are significantly different among various sub-markets and transportation modes. Second, the findings of the present study provide a reference for governments in developing the policy of rental subsidies.第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究定義與範疇 6
第三節 研究方法 9
第四節 研究架構與流程 10
第二章 文獻回顧 13
第一節 地租與運輸成本 13
第二節 工作可及性 19
第三節 住宅租賃價格 27
第四節 綜合評述 35
第三章 研究設計 39
第一節 課題研析 40
第二節 假說研提 50
第三節 驗證方法 57
第四章 樣本資料與分析 69
第一節 樣本資料整理 70
第二節 敘述統計分析 77
第三節 相關分析 98
第五章 實證分析 111
第一節 模式校估 112
第二節 假說驗證 158
第三節 討論與分析 174
第六章 結論與建議 189
第一節 結論 190
第二節 後續研究建議 194
參考文獻 197
附錄一 個案訪談紀錄 203
附錄二 交通分區與樣本說明 225
附錄三 工作可及性應用與計算說明 227
附錄四 集合住宅租賃樣本說明 229
附錄五 線性迴歸基本模式變量檢定 231
附錄六 迴歸95%信賴區間圖 23
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
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counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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