66,009 research outputs found
Changes in penicillin-binding proteins during the life cycle of Micromonospora
No full textThe penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Micromonospora were studied. Only one PBP (48,000 mol weight) was found in membranes isolated from primary mycelia, whereas three PBPs were observed in secondary mycelia and designated PBP 1 (89,000 mol weight), PBP2 (69,000) and PBP3 (48,000). Both the unique PBP produced by primary mycelia and PBP3 of secondary mycelia had the same affinity for penicillin which was higher than that of PBP2 and 3. The role of these proteins in the cell life cycle of Micromonospora is discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Get PDFBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Validity of the Novel Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging and Correlation of Cheng Lymphedema Grading for Unilateral Extremity Lymphedema
No full textOBJECTIVE: The aim was to validate the new Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging, correlate it with Cheng Lymphedema Grading (CLG) and evaluate the treatment outcomes of unilateral extremity lymphedema. BACKGROUND: No consensus has been reached for diagnosis and staging for patients with lymphedema among medical specialties. METHODS: We included 285 patients with unilateral extremity lymphedema using lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphoscintigraphy was correlated to clinical symptoms and signs, and classified into normal lymphatic drainage, partial obstruction, and total obstruction. Inter- and intraobserver reliability of Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging, correlation between Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging and clinical findings were conducted. Patients were categorized in "surgical" (n = 154) or "nonsurgical" (n = 131) groups for outcome evaluation. RESULTS: Lymphoscintigraphy found 11 patients (3.9%) with normal lymphatic drainage, 128 (44.9%) with partial obstruction, and 146 (51.2%) with total obstruction. Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging showed high interobserver agreement [intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.94)], and significantly correlated to computed tomography volumetric difference (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and CLG [intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.84)]. At a mean follow-up of 31.2 ± 2.9 months, significant improvement in the circumferential difference (from 23.9% ± 17.6% to 14.6% ± 11.1%; P = 0.03) with a mean circumferential reduction rate of 40.4% ± 4.5% was found in surgical group. At a mean follow-up of 26.6 ± 8.7 months, the nonsurgical group had increase of mean circumferential difference from 24.0% ± 17.2% to 25.3% ± 19.0% (P = 0.09), with a mean circumferential reduction rate was -1.9% ± 13.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging is a reliable diagnostic tool, correlated with clinical findings and CLG, aiding in the selection of the appropriate treatment to achieve favorable long-term outcomes in unilateral extremity lymphedema
Endosymbiotic copepods may feed on zooxanthellae from their coral host, Pocillopora damicornis
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The causal induction from the theory of causal power of Cheng
No full textUna de las teorías centrales dentro de la explicación de la inducción causal (i.e. el proceso de inferencia que permite a las personas identificar causas en la cotidianidad) es la Teoría del Poder Causal que Patricia Cheng desarrolló en 1997 y que ha venido defendiendo desde esa época (Cheng, 1997; Holyoak y Cheng, 2011). Dicha teoría pretende superar los tradicionales modelos de mecanismo y los simples modelos de covariación que hasta el momento se consideraban como la explicación del proceso de inducción causal. Sin embargo la complejidad del modelo matemático que la sustenta la ha hecho poco accesible a la comunidad no especializada que se pueda interesar en este campo. El propósito del presente artículo es, entonces, realizar una introducción a la teoría de poder causal en la que se muestra no sólo sus ventajas explicativas frente a los otros modelos, sino una reconstrucción sencilla del modelo matemático que la sustenta.One of the central theories within the explanation of the causal induction (i.e. , the inference process that allows the people identify causes in the everyday life) is the Theory of Causal Power that Patricia Cheng development in 1997 and that has been advocating since that time (Cheng, 1997; Holyoak &amp; Cheng, 2011). This theory seeks to overcome the traditional mecha-nism models and simple models of co that until the time they were considered as an explanation of the process of causal induction. However the complexity of the mathematical model that sustains them has done little accessible to the non-specialized community that may be of interest in this field. The purpose of this article is, then, make an introduction to the Theory of Causal Power that shows not only its ex-planatory advantages compared to other models, but a simple reconstruction of the mathematical model that underpins it
Cheng-Mordeson L-fuzzy normed spaces and application in stability of functional equation
No full textIn this paper, we define and study Cheng-Mordeson L-fuzzy normed spaces. Further, we consider the finite dimensional Cheng-Mordeson L-fuzzy normed spaces and prove some theorems about completeness, compactness and weak convergence in these spaces. As application, we get a stability result in the setting of Cheng-Mordeson L-fuzzy normed spaces
The infection process of the reef coral Stylophora pistillata by the parasitic copepod, Xarifia obesa
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