364,649 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Full text linkThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Lan En-fong, Fa-kuo min-fa-tien chih hsiu-cheng yen-chiu
No full textLan En-fong, Fa-kuo min-fa-tien chih hsiu-cheng yen-chiu. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 31 N°1, Janvier-mars 1979. pp. 233-234
Original Documents of Yung cheng chu p'i yü chih
Full text linkThe palace memorials bearing vermillion endorsements handwritten by Ch’ing Emperor Yung-cheng in the possession of the National Palace Museum, Taipei, number more than 22,300 in Chinese, published, unpublished and not to be published, and 890 in Manchu. The Chinese palace memorials published in Yungcheng chu p’i yü chih are only about 7,000; that is, two thirds of the documents still remain unpublished. Comparison of the published documents with their originals reveals considerable textual differences. The published texts frequently omit a passage and replace words and phrases. Many of such abridgements appear to result from political considerations. Stylistically, vernacular forms that often cloud the text of the originals are replaced by classical, more precise expressions in the published text. The same can be said of the imperial vermillion endorsements by Yung-cheng. This must be the result of the editing by the literate staff of the Hanlin Academy done at the time of publication on the original text of the palace memorials that were mostly composed by official clerks, private secretaries who were failed Civil Service Examination candidates, and military officers who had little culture. Also clerical errors found in the originals are corrected in their published form. It should be noted, moreover, that the passages stricken out in the originals by Yung-cheng’s vermillion brush, which are not reproduced in their published form, sometimes carry highly important information. Thus the original documents of Yung cheng chu p’i yü chih are, not only superior in quantity to the published edition, but extremely valuable as primary historical sources. There is not the slightest doubt that, if the originals are printed as they are, study of the history of the Yung-cheng period will advance tremendously.journal articl
Lan En-fong, Fa-kuo min-fa-tien chih hsiu-cheng yen-chiu
No full textLan En-fong, Fa-kuo min-fa-tien chih hsiu-cheng yen-chiu. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 31 N°1, Janvier-mars 1979. pp. 233-234
[[alternative]]A Study on the Relationship Between Human Resource Management Activities and Organizational Performance in Health and Sport Clubs---taking “YOUTHCAMP PARIS” for example
No full text[[abstract]]A Study on the Relationship Between Human Resource Management Activities and Organizational Performance in Health and Sport Clubs---taking “YOUTHCAMP PARIS” for example
Haung, Cheng-Lin
Advisor: Cheng, Chih-fu Ed. D.
Abstract
The purposes of this thesis were to reveal the reality of human resource management activities and organizational performance in health and sport clubs in Taiwan, to uncover the differences between employees’ demographic variables and to probe the relationship between human resource management activities and organizational performance. Four hundred and twenty six employees of YOUTHCAMP PARIS served as the subject of this study. The instrument “Organizational Performance Measuring Scale” were adopted. One-way ANOVA, multiple stepwise regression and canonical correlation analysis were utilized for data analysis and the results were as followed:
1. The human resource management activities and organizational performance in health and sport clubs were desirable.
2. Significant differences were found in the employees’ cognition at the different variables; especially, the employees who were male, senior and married.
3. It existed a canonical correlation between human resource management activities and organizational performance.
4. In health and sport clubs, organizational performance could be predicted effectively by human resource management activities; especially, the variable of “training” and the variable of “employment”.
Key words: health and sport club, human resource management activities, organizational performance.
Xinjiang (China), folk dancing of Uyghurs
No full textFolk-dance of UighursImage is part of research conducted by Chang Chih-Yi for the article: Land Utilization and Settlement Possibilities in Sinkiang
Author(s): Chang Chih-Yi
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Jan., 1949), pp. 57-75
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/211157http://www.jstor.org/stable/211157Grayscal
An Interpretation of the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra in the Chinese Hua-yen School : With Reference to Chih-yen and Fa-tsang
No full textIn this paper, I examine how the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra 入法界品, the last chapter of the Hua-yen ching 華厳経, was interpreted in the Chinese Hua-yen school, specifically clarifying the differences between the interpretations of Chih-yen 智儼(602-668) and his disciple Fa-tsang 法蔵(643-712). Paying attention especially to their theories regarding the ""division"" of the sutra into smaller sections, I examine both their interpretations from two angles: 1) interpreting the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra within the Hua-yen ching, and 2) interpreting the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra by itself. Chih-yen advances a theory of three divisions in his Sou-hsuan chi 捜玄記, and therein he suggests two views on the liu-t\u27ung-fen 流通分. 1) The Hua-yen ching originally consisted of one hundred thousand gathas, of which only thirty-six thousand gathas now remain, and the liu-t\u27ung-fen is missing. This means that the liu-t\u27ung-fen never existed. 2) In the sutra, the last two gathas are considered to correspond to the liu-t\u27ung-fen. The first view is based on the assumption that the sutra consists of one hundred thousand gathas, excluding the liu-t\u27ung-fen, and the second, that the sutra consists of thirty-six thousand gathas which include the liu-t\u27ung-fen. This means that, in Chih-yen\u27s three divisions, the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra either belongs to the cheng-tsung-fen 正宗分, or includes both the cheng-tsung-fen and the liu-t\u27ung-fen. Chih-yen, influenced by Chih-cheng 智正(559-639), also divided the cheng-tsung-fen into four parts, the last of which is the i-yuan hsiu-hsing cheng-te fen 依縁修行成徳分. To this belong the ""Li-shih-chien p\u27in"" 離世間品 and the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra. The latter is also called the i-jen ju-cheng fen 依人入証文. For Chih-yen, the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra represented a Buddhist teaching of realization (cheng 証) which perfects ascetic training through shan-chih-shih 善知識. This was the very chapter from which began the enlightenment of sentient beings. Fa-tsang\u27s three divisions developed from his Wen-i kang-mu 文義網目, which does not admit the liu-t\u27ung-fen, to the T\u27an-hsuan chi 探玄記. In the meantime, he bolstered his arguments with the concept of dharmadhātu (fa-chieh 法界) and, furthermore, emphasized the One Vehicle character of the Hua-yen ching, taking the Three Vehicle character as the liu-t\u27ung-fen. In addition, basing himself on Chih-yen\u27s four divisions, he suggested a theory of five divisions. He views the structure of the Hua-yen ching as being fully provided with hsin 信 (faith), chieh 解 (understanding), hsing 行 (practice), and cheng 証 (realization). The Gaņdavyūha-sūtra comes under the Buddhist teaching of cheng-ju 証入. Chih-yen put emphasis on the importance of shan-chih-shih in dividing the inner structure of the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra. He categorizes all shan-chih-shih into five types. This method of categorizing was taken over by Fa-tsang. The main characteristic of Fa-tsang\u27s method of dividing the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra lies in his distinguishing of the essential assembly (pen-hui 本会) from the secondary assembly (mo-hui 末会). To sum up, the main difference between the two theories can be reduced to the way in which emphasis is put either on the concept of shan-chih-shih or on that of dharmadhātu. Chih-yen emphasized the former, Fa-tsang the latter. This difference shows the development of understanding the Gaņdavyūha-sūtra, from Chih-yen\u27s practical interpretation to Fa-tsang\u27s rather theoretical one
[[alternative]]A Behavior Model of High School Teachers Participating in Recreational Sports in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]A Behavior Model of High School Teachers Participating in Recreational Sports in Taiwan
Philosophy Doctor’s Dissertation, 2003 Chang Shao-Hsi
Advisor: Cheng,Chih-Fu, Ed.D.
Co- Advisor: Hsu, I-Hsiung, Ph.D.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the participating behavior of recreational sports for high school teachers in Taiwan, comprising the recreational motivation, the recreational constraints and the recreational benefits. It concluded with a feasible concept of recreational sports. To test the importance of body image on personal health-evaluation, the research proposed that body image was an interfacial variable of recreational sports and personal health-evaluation. Recreational sports and body image could explain and predict personal health-evaluation.
The research participants were the Taiwan high school teachers, there were 1001 valid samples. The data was analysed by t test, MANOVA, regression analysis and LISREL to test the assumptions. The main findings were as follows:
Ⅰ. Being supported by the active recycle model of recreational sports, there is a causal relation among the recreational motivation, the recreational constraint and recreational benefits.
Ⅱ. There was positive impact for body image on recreational sports, mainly caused by the interaction among recreational motivation, recreational benefits and body image.
Ⅲ. The main influence of personal health-evaluation of the process of recreational sports was the self-growth, personal factor, the appearance evaluation and appearance orientation.
Ⅳ. The appearance orientation and the satisfaction of body part were the two main variables influencing personal health-evaluation.
Ⅴ. There was a cause-effect relation among the recreational sports, body image and self-health evaluation. The recreational process could directly put impacts on self-health evaluation, and indirectly through body image. The indirect effect weighed higher than the direct one.
Exercise is the main content of recreational activity; it also fulfills and accomplishes the recreational life of teachers. The results of this study could provide valuable information on teacher’s involvement of recreational activity, and hopefully inspire the attention of authority to promote teachers’ active recreational life.
Taiwanese Females\ue2 Europe Writing since the 1990s: Taking Han Liang-Lu, Cheng Hua-Chuan and Hu Ching-Fang for example.
No full textDue to the progress of these decades, women\ue2s rights have been more and more emphasized, and females are not restricted in their families anymore. Independent travelling became to flourish in late 1990s, thus female travel writing shows various styles. Females may fulfill their lives through the process of continuous travelling and conversation.
European civilization developed relatively early, and had long history of art and culture, so Europe is considered to be the dreaming destination of many travelers. The study aims to discuss the female travel writers including Han Liang-lu, Cheng Hua-Chuan and Hu Ching-Fang and etc\ue2\ua6, to analyzes their writing of travelling in Europe to understand the females themselves, find out how it would be like when eastern and western cultures encounter, as well as the image of Europe in the female writers\ue2 articles. The study will analyzes the texts of prose to find out the meaning of travelling to the new-generation female writers through their interation with others, observation and experience in travelling writings.
Han Liang-lu\ue2s downshifting style aims to see the human comedy and diversity of Europe. Cheng Hua-Chuan\ue2s positive description and female writing style are full of passion for knowledge. Finally, Hu Ching-Fang sees the world in the perspective of outsider to remind us to put away prejudice and look into the truth of what is happening right now. These all allow us to have more understanding about traveling
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