1,721,622 research outputs found
A novel approach to the design of a shunt active filter for an unbalanced three-phase four-wire system under nonsinusoidal conditions
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
From food insecurity to national insecurity: food production and civil conflict
No full text古代的馬雅帝國崩壞和近代盧安達屠殺的故事讓我們懷疑食物生產表現不佳導致國家內部衝突的可能性，但是這個假說一直沒有實證研究支持。本文以1981 年至2007 間43 個亞撒哈拉非洲(Sub-Saharan Africa)內陸國家為分析對象，利用降雨量做為工具變(Instrument Variable)以削除因為個別國家或政府組織能力異質性造成的遺漏變數偏誤(Omitted Variable Bias)，發現食物製造和內部衝突次數存在顯著且負向的關係，且此現象在死傷規模較小的衝突較為明顯，而種族、宗教和語言的歧異程度和內部衝突沒有統計上的關係。We offer empirical evidence that food production per capita has contributed to civil conflict over 1981 to 2007 in 43 Sub-Saharan Africa countries. We use rain fall as instrument variable for addressing endogeneity. The food production is negatively related to civil conflict: One unit decrease in the food production index aggravates the
risk of armed conflict by 1%. The negative significant relationship is hold in OLS,probit and 2SLS regression model, this result is still robust after adding race, language, religion diversity and other variables. We find that low food production level only significant to small scale conflict, insignificant to large scale, over 1000 related deaths civil war. Additionally, there is downward an asymmetric effect between food andconflict
Exploration of Carbon Nanocapsules
No full textCarbon nanocapsules (CNCs) were synthesized with pulse plasma arc discharge method by Dr. Hwang’s group in ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute). High quality CNCs were insoluble in any solvent. For further studying and application, it is crucial to make it soluble.
We successfully functionalized CNCs with azidobenzene which enabled aziridine-modified CNCs adducts to be soluble in common solvents like dichloromethane, chloroform, ether and hexane. CNCs adducts was immobilized on quartz platelet or silicon wafer through spin coating then underwent pyrolysis at temperature of 700 ℃. Carbon nanoballs formed on the surface and were detected by AFM and TEM.
Transformation from graphene layered structure into amorphous framework under nitrogen atmosphere at ambient pressure was observed. Increased content of carbon with sp3 hybridization was confirmed with a greatly enhanced peak at D-band in Raman spectroscopy. Aziridine bond cleavage induced by pyrolysis yielded a radical (or dipolar) intermediate which triggered a chain reaction to afford morphological change. The procedure developed provides a simple route covert sp2 graphene into sp3 amorphous carbon in mild conditions.Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Chinese Abstract iv
Contents v
List of Figures vi
Abbreviations viii
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Results and Discussion 18
2.1. Properties of Pristine CNCs 18
2.2. Chemical Reactions of CNCs 27
2.3. Conclusion 42
Chapter 3.Experimental Section 43
3.1 Instrumentation and General
Information 43
3.2 Experimental Section 47
Chapter 4. References and Notes 5
On the Study of Design Methodology for Assistive Technology Devices
No full text本研究以Pahl及Beitz的系統化設計流程為發展基礎，將輔具的設計流程分成四個階段，藉由具有工程背景的人員實地參與輔具的服務流程，與醫療人員共同組成跨領域的輔具服務與設計團隊，建構一適用於輔具設計的流程與工具，將設計活動整合於輔具服務流程之中，透過即時性的資訊溝通與回饋，改善工程人員與治療師的互動關係。本研究以個案的需求為設計中心，利用HAAT模式將所有的輔具服務流程關係人、活動及情境的需求一併納入設計階段考量，確實掌握個案全面性的需求，並分析市面相關的輔具特性，作為擬定設計規格之參考項目；最後，提供一具體的輔具設計步驟，配合問答式表格及相關的設計工具，如：失效模式與效應分析、通用設計原則等，將有助於工程人員迅速融入輔具的服務團隊，進而發揮工程整合與設計的能力，協助輔具的安裝、訓練及持續性的追蹤輔具使用情形，強化輔具的設計與服務品質，以提升身心障礙者的獨立性，改善其生活品質及社會地位。Although therapists lack the ability, engineers can resolve Assistive Technology (AT) devices-related design problems. However, engineering background personnel do not participate in AT design, making it not only extremely difficult to form a multi-disciplinary AT service team with medical professionals, but also impossible to follow concrete AT design procedures and principles. Therefore, this work presents a rational AT design method in which AT design activities are integrated into the service. While the Pahl and Beitz systematic design method is adopted, the AT design process is divided into four stages. User needs are then incorporated as the design focus, while considering the needs of the stakeholders of the AT services, activities and the contexts of these four design stages to obtain user needs comprehensively. Next, characteristic analysis of the commercially available AT devices is performed to implement design activities. The proposed AT design method can yield the information instantaneity from the feedback of the end user, thus enhancing how engineers and medical professionals interact with each other. Besides strengthening the quality of AT design and services, the proposed method can encourage the independent lifestyles of the people with disability and improve their quality of life.誌謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 工程設計方法 9
2.1 Pahl及Beitz的設計方法 11
2.2 Pugh的設計方法 15
2.3 Cross的設計方法 16
2.4 Ullman的設計方法 18
2.5 品質機能展開 18
2.6 小結 21
第三章 輔具服務與設計 23
3.1 復健觀點 23
3.2 輔具服務 26
3.3 輔具設計原則與方法 30
3.3.1 輔具的設計原則 31
3.3.2 Orpwood的輔具設計方法 33
3.3.3 USERfit 34
3.3.4 通用設計 37
3.4 輔具設計與工程設計的比較 39
第四章 輔具設計方法 41
4.1 整合輔具設計的輔具服務流程 41
4.1.1 整合輔具設計的輔具服務流程 42
4.1.2 輔具資料庫 46
4.2 輔具設計流程與步驟 48
4.2.1 規劃及闡明設計任務 50
4.2.2 概念設計 56
4.2.3 具體設計 58
4.2.4 細部設計 59
4.3 小結 60
第五章 實例分析 62
5.1 未使用本設計方法的案例－電動傾斜床 62
5.1.1 設計過程及構想 63
5.1.2 設計成果與討論 66
5.2 修改化(Modified)輔具－電動推湯車 67
5.2.1 規劃及闡明設計任務 67
5.2.2 概念設計 72
5.2.3 具體設計 74
5.2.4 細部設計 76
5.2.5 小結 78
5.3 客製化(Customized)輔具－視障按摩輔具 79
5.3.1 規劃及闡明設計任務 79
5.3.2 概念設計 87
5.3.3 具體設計 89
5.3.4 細部設計 91
5.3.5 小結 91
5.4 小結 92
第六章 結論與建議 93
6.1 結論 93
6.2 建議與未來研究方向 94
參考文獻 97
附錄A 文獻檢索策略 105
附錄B 國內外輔具相關網頁 107
附錄C TRIZ的40個解題原則 112
附錄D Batavia與Hammer的輔具評估準則 118
附錄E 電動推湯車說明文件 120
附錄F 輔具設計方法的表格 12
A novel free energy evaluation scheme based on energetic decomposition of molecular dynamics simulations
No full text能夠準確預測小分子與生物分子的結合在電腦輔助藥物設計上扮演了相當重要的角色，因為這些方法能加速先導化合物的產生與優化。這些方法在現在大約可分為兩大類，包含了分子嵌合與評分與自由能之方法。自由能方法需要構形取樣，反之，嵌合與評分的方式往往都只聚焦在單一的構型上面。也因此自由能方法需要較多的電腦計算時間與資源。們認為在預測蛋白質與配位體的結合能力仍然需要考慮到動態的影響，因為在結合的過程當中蛋白質與配位都是可運動的狀態。因此我們使用了linear interaction energy方法做為起點，因為這個方法是自由能方法中的一種而且只需要兩個分子模擬就能得到結合的能量。這個方法跟其他一樣屬於自由能方法的FEP與MM-PBSA來的更為經濟。我們的研究當中，利用GROMACS來做分子模擬且使用GROMACS的參數。預測結合的自由能我們除了使用最原始的LIE方法的公式外，還加入了配位體與配位體之間的能量項進去試著去得到更好的預測結果。另外，我們也使用了許多的評分的函數來與我們的結果做比較。Accurate methods for predicting the affinity of a small molecule with a protein or other biomolecule play a crucial role in computational drug design because these predictions can speed the lead generation or lead optimization. Nowadays these methods can be categorized as docking and scoring and free energy method. Free energy method, in contrast with docking and scoring, which focus on a single bound conformation use conformation sampling to generate thermodynamic averages. Therefore, free energy methods are required more computer time than docking and scoring approaches.e consider that the dynamic effect of the protein-ligand complex should be still included in evaluating binding affinities because in the binding process, protein and ligand are flexible. Therefore, our study started from the linear interaction energy (LIE) method, which is one free energy method and only required two simulations, complex and ligad only. Besides that, it is also more economical than other free energy methods, such as the FEP and the MM-PBSA method.n our study, we used GROMACS to perform simulations with GROMACS force field parameters. For predicting the free energy of binding, we not only used the original LIE equation, but also we added ligand-ligand interaction into the evaluating scheme trying to obtain a better prediction model. In addition, we used several scoring functions, ChemScore, DrugScore, XScore, etc, to compare with our results.口試委員會審定書 III謝 V文摘要 VIbstract VIIIigure List XIIIable List XVIhapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Computational aid for Drug Discovery 1.2 Theory for Calculating Affinity 2.2.1 Potential Energy and Solvation Energy 4.3 Docking and Scoring 6.3.1 The Scoring function of GOLD (G-Score) 6.3.2 LigScore 7.3.3 PLP 8.3.4 The Scoring Function of FlexX (F-Score) 9.3.5 ChemScore 9.3.6 XScore 10.3.7 Potential of Mean Force (PMF) Score 11.3.8 DrugScore 11.4 Free Energy Method 12.4.1 The Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) Method 13.4.2 MM-PBSA Method 14.4.3 Free Energy Perturbation (FEP) Method 15.4.4 Comparison of Free Energy Methods 16.5 Protein-Ligand Interaction Database (PLID) 17hapter 2: Materials and Methods 19.1 Study Cases 19.1.1 Fk506 Binding Protein (FKBP) 19.1.2 HIV-1 Protease 21.1.3 Trypsin 23.2 Simulation Details 25.2.1 Protein Preparation 25.2.2 Ligand Preparation 26.2.3 Complex System Preparation 26.2.4 Ligand only system Preparation 27.2.5 Simulation Protocol 27.3 Energy Calculation and Energy Decomposition 29.4 Free Energy Calculations 33.5 Scoring Functions 37.5.1 Preparation of G-Score (GOLD) and ChemScore 37.5.2 Preparation of DrugScoreONLINE 38.5.3 Preparation of F-Score (FlexX) 38.5.4 Preparation of LigScore, PLP and PMF 38.5.5 Preparation of Xscore 39hapter 3: Results and Discussions 40.1 Results of FKBP Complexes 40.1.1 Protein RMSD of FKBP 40.1.2 The Free energy of FKBP complexes 45.1.3 Results of Scoring Functions for FKBP Complexes 55.2 Results of HIV-1 Protease Complexes 73.2.1 Protein RMSD of HIV-1 Protease 73.2.2 The Free energy of HIV-1 Protease Complexes 78.2.3 Results of Scoring Functions for HIV-1 Protease Complexes 85.3 Results of Trypsin Complexes 104.3.1 Protein RMSD of Trypsin Protease 104.3.2 The Free Energy of Trypsin Complexes 109.3.3 Results of Scoring Functions for Trypsin Complexes 116hapter 4: Conclusions 131eferences 13
Does Term Spread Predict the Swings in Exchange Rate?
No full text本文參考Chen (2011) 之研究方法, 以12 個已開發國家的月資料為樣本, 對匯率升貶值之趨勢進行預測。本研究以期間利差作為關鍵解釋變數設立模型。由於期間利差對市場資訊反應極為迅速, 我們預期加入期間利差可以增加模型的解釋能力。為了比較期間利差對於模型解釋能力的影響,我們進一步考慮不放入期間利差的模型。此外我們亦關心期間利差相對於利率所增加的解釋能力,因而進一步建立一個以利率取代期間利差的模型。除了自設模型外, 本文亦使用貨幣模型、購買力平價模型以及考慮利率平滑的泰勒法則模型作為比較。儘管模型對於短期以及長期的匯率趨勢預測, 無法於所有國家皆具最佳的解釋力, 但實證結果顯示, 加入期間利差的模型其整體表現較佳。本文的研究結果可對於未來匯率趨勢的預測提供可靠的參考意見。This paper follows the emprical models from Chen (2011), using monthly data from 12 developed country to predict the swings in exchange rate (major trends in depreciation or appreiation). In our research, term spread is treated as the key variable to construct the empirical model. Because its sensitivity to the market information is quite strong, it would expected to increase the explanatory power of the exchange rate swing. We also consider a model without term spread to compare the marginal effect, and a model with interest rate instead of term spread. In addtion to our model, we also apply monetary model, purchase power parity model and Taylor rule model with interest rate smoothing for robustness. Although our model do not being very suceccful at all horizon on all country, however, our empirical result shows the term spread model performs better on long-horizon forecasting. Out result provides a reliable prediction for future exchange rate trends
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