1,721,221 research outputs found
Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Ilan Plain, Northeast Taiwan
No full text過去在宜蘭平原已進行相當多地質調查、地球物理分析、地層對比等等工作，來研究平原的水文地質特性，了解地層分布及地下水分層架構。在現有多種完整的地質資料下，本研究嘗試利用氣體地球化學的方法，分析宜蘭平原地下水氣體成分，配合乾濕季採樣，並利用前人研究的資料作輔助，觀察氣體及其他水化學在此區域的變化情形，並嘗試探討與地質環境的相關性以及可能地下流體來源。
宜蘭平原地下水監測井總共三十七口，其中有五口自流井和三口明顯含甲烷氣井。採集時間配合宜蘭乾濕季，於2013年4月與9月進行完整水化學及溶解氣採樣。現地記錄井水狀況、分析水氡活度，於實驗室內分析溶解氣、氦同位素、陰陽離子與氫氧同位素等成分。
由現地記錄發現，濕季水溫皆高於乾季，西部靠山區井水溫度低於東部；pH值大約介在6-8之間；東部靠海部分監測井導電度、氯離子與硫酸根離子濃度皆高，推測已有海水混染。氦同位素分析結果顯示，平原中南側有含地函、地殼、及空氣飽和水三個不同來源端成分之訊號，暗示地函源流體經由破裂帶（或三星斷層）向上遷移至平原淺處。此地區地下水所含溶解氣大約分成三類：富集氮氣、氮氣-甲烷雙重富集與富集甲烷氣，其中三口水井含有明顯甲烷氣並有大量氣體冒出，分析結果有十一口井樣品之溶解甲烷含量大於30%，其中只有一口井位於平原西北部，其他皆集中在平原中部至南部，研究結果顯示平原地下水中甲烷氣來源主要微生物成因。宜蘭平原地下水之氡氣活度在 800-10,000 Bq/m3 之間，近山區水氡活度高於平原中心並向沿海遞減，主要高活度集中在平原西部與南側，西部靠近山腳地區井水大多呈氧化環境與高溶氧量；南部高水氡活度則可能因受厚泥層影響，西部地下水受阻，推測水氡來源非西部高濃度水氡補助，應為圍岩中所含鈾釷元素蛻變而來的氡氣。整體而言，宜蘭平原中南部之水氡、一般溶解氣及氦氣皆有較大的活度與數值。
而在水化學成分方面，陰離子分析結果可以分成三大類，大多以碳酸氫根特徵為主，西部鄰近山區部分點位則有硫酸經根離子群特徵，只有被海水混染之井位含有高氯離子成分。氫氧同位素分析結果大部分皆落於宜蘭平原天水線上，唯大幅井之樣品可能因為嚴重海水混染而導致其分析結果偏離了天水線。此外，本研究分析結果顯示，宜蘭平原之地下水成分明顯受區域降雨及季節性氣團影響。Ilan Plain is located at the northeast Taiwan and has been tectonically spreading due to the westward back-arc rifting of the Okinawa Trough. In previous studies, geological survey, geophysical research, and stratigraphic correlation were conducted to rebuild the aquifer systems in the Ilan Plain. However, few gas geochemical data of ground water are available. In this study, it is first time to systematically analyze the gas geochemistry of ground water from 37 wells to recognize the gas sources/components in the Ilan Plain. Water samples can be classified as three main groups, most samples are classified as sulfate and bicarbonate groups, few samples belong to chloride group due to the contamination of sea water. Based on the major dissolved gases compositions, the ground water samples can be divided into two groups, i.e., CH4-enriched group and N2 enriched group. Ten out of total 37 wells show CH4-enriched affinities with CH4 proportions of 30-50%, in which three wells exhibit very high CH4 contents, up to 70-90%. One of the CH4-enriched wells are located in the northwest, and the remains are in the southeast of Ilan Plain. The dissolved radon concentrations are in the range of 800-10,000 Bq/m3 in the studied area. It is interesting to note that the radon actives are higher in the west mountain areas and gradually decreasing toward the east coast areas. Meanwhile, the oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen data show positive correlations with the radon actives. It implies that the recharge of the ground water in the Ilan Plain may be from the Hsuehshan Range in west. Furthermore, elevated helium isotopic results suggest that mantle component may play an important role for the gas sources in the southeast and center of the Ilan Plain, where may be corresponding to the extensional structure or the suspected faults in the Ilan Plain.第一章 緒論 1
1.1. 研究動機與目的 1
1.2. 研究內容簡介 2
第二章 研究區域 4
2.1 地理位置與氣候 4
2.2 地質概述 4
第三章 文獻回顧 7
3.1. 震測研究 7
3.2. 地磁研究 9
3.3 地震研究 11
3.4 大地測量研究 14
3.5 平原上及其附近流體熱液與氣體之研究 18
3.6 平原之水化學研究 22
3.7 水文地質調查研究 22
第四章 採樣方法 24
4.1 研究步驟 24
4.2 採樣前處理 25
4.3 採樣方法 27
4.4 採樣點描述 31
第五章 研究分析及原理 34
5.1 溶解氣分析 34
5.1.1 氦同位素 34
5.1.2 磁場式氣態離子源稀有氣體質譜儀 36
5.1.3 氡氣 37
5.1.4 RAD7偵檢儀 39
5.1.5 氣相層析儀 41
5.2 水化學分析 43
5.2.1 氫氧同位素 43
5.2.2 陰陽離子 44
5.2.3 離子層析儀 46
第六章 結果與討論 47
6.1. 溶解氣分析結果 47
6.1.1. 氦同位素探討 47
6.1.2. 溶解氣成分討論 51
6.1.3. 水氡活度分布與來源 64
6.2. 水化學分析結果 68
6.2.1. 氫氧同位素分析 68
6.2.2. 陰陽離子分析 71
6.3. 宜蘭平原流體來源模式 74
第七章 結論 76
第八章 參考文獻 77
附件一 81
附件二 8
Effects of Applied EF, Collagen Gel Thickness and Fiber Alignment on Ligament Fibroblast Migration
No full text本論文旨在研究電刺激在不同排列和厚度的膠原蛋白纖維裡對於韌帶細胞移動的影響。在生物體內，細胞原來就生長在有不同軟硬度的環境，而我們所研究的前十字韌帶細胞原生在具有高度排列的膠原蛋白纖維裡，因此本研究有有排列╱無排列及不同厚薄的膠原蛋白基質。我們用不同厚薄的膠原蛋白基質是因為根據文獻顯示，對細胞而言，不同厚薄的膠原蛋白基質會有類似不同軟硬度基質的效果。我們的實驗發現細胞在這些不同排列和厚薄的膠原蛋白上會有不一樣的形態，而膠原蛋白纖維的排列會影響細胞移動的方向：在無排列的膠原蛋白裡的細胞無特別的移動方向；然而在有排列的膠原蛋白裡的細胞會沿著纖維方向移動。
當施加電場於無排列的膠原蛋白纖維時，不管在薄的還是厚的膠原蛋白基質裡的細胞都會往電場負極移動。而當施加的電場方向平行於有排列的纖維時，不管在薄的還是厚的膠原蛋白裡細胞都會沿著纖維方向移動，但不會特別往電場負極或正極移動，這代表纖維走向比電場更有影響力。當細胞的RhoA訊號被抑制住時，在薄的膠原蛋白裡的細胞會往電場負極方向移動，然而在厚的膠原蛋白裡的細胞只會沿著纖維方向移動並不會特別往負極移動。
我們的研究顯示，細胞在薄的膠原蛋白裡是運用RhoA來感受膠原蛋白纖維走向，但在厚的膠原蛋白裡則不是。 這也說明了細胞在不同厚薄的膠原蛋白裡是經由不同的訊號傳遞來感受膠原蛋白纖維走向。This work investigates the effects of electric field (EF), collagen gel thickness and collagen fiber alignment on ligament fibroblast migration. ACL cells live in highly aligned collagen fibers in vivo and studies had shown that cell can feel different substrate stiffness, and different thickness collagen gel have different effective modulus. Therefore, we develop a system that can produce highly aligned collagen fiber and control the thickness of collagen gel. We had two kinds of collagen fiber orientation, random and aligned and two kinds of collagen gel thickness. Cells have different morphology when they were seeded on different collagen fiber orientation and collagen gel thickness. When EF was applied, contact guidance is more potent than EF both in thin and thick collagen groups. When RhoA signaling was modulated, EF became more dominant than contact guidance in the thin collagen groups, whereas contact guidance was still more potent in the thick collagen groups. Our data suggested that, contact guidance mediates cell RhoA activating in the thin collagen groups but not in the thick groups. This also implicates that cell use different signaling pathways to have contact guidance when they were on different collagen gel thickness
Cardiovascular stent design and wall shear stress distribution in coronary stented arteries
No full text
北部地區大學院校護理系學生生活壓力、社會支持與憂鬱程度調查研究
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship among the life stress, social support and the depressive degree of the college nursing students in the northern Taiwan in 2005. According to the stratified cluster sampling and a self-administrated questionnaire, we got 367 effective samples in this study.
The major findings of this study were as follows:
1.During the past six months, the main life stress that bothered them was the anxiety about the future, followed clinical practice and academic pressure. The social support they received was informational support that mainly came from their family. In addition, according to the result of the BDI-Ⅱ shows one third of nursing students had an aptitude for depressive.
2.They were significant between the life stress and the social demographical variables which includes of sex, the school system, the personal health status, the health status of parents, the marital status of parents and social-economic status. The girls had higher stress of clinical practice than the boys. The students studied in technology of nursing had higher stress of clinical practice and academic than who studied in standard of nursing. Subjects with higher life stress were the weak health status of them and parents, living in a tenement, the fragmented family structure and low social-economic status.
3.They were significant between the social support and the social demographical variables which includes of the personal health status, mother’s health status and social-economic status. Subjects who had better health status of themselves and mother had more informational, instrumental and emotional support. With high social-economic status, they had more instrumental support.
4. They were significant between the depressive degree and the social demographical variables which includes of the personal health status, the health status of parents, the resident situation and the marital status of parents. Subjects with aptitude for depressive were the weak health status of them and parents, living in a tenement and the fragmented family structure.
5. It was significantly positive correlation between the life stress and the depressive degree. It was significantly negative correlation among the life stress, social support and the depressive degree. The most important factors to predict he depressive degree were the emotional support, informational support, health status of father, academic stress, environment stress, resident situation, future stress and sentiment stress.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Development of Underwater Acoustic Propagation Model by Horizontal Rays and Vertical Modes Method
No full text淺海地區的地形和水文等海洋環境的變異性易造成聲波的水平折射現象，當內波傳播方向的夾角較大時，會造成聲波在水平方向上的能量因此聚集或散發而形成三維效應，為了透過模組行徑路徑了解水平方向上聲波的折射現象及複雜海洋環境中的三維效應，同時保持計算距離大時相同的計算解析度，本研究建立卡氏座標系統上的三維聲學計算模組，結合垂直向的模組及水平面上的高斯射線群來進行聲場計算，考量高斯射線群法的高頻假設，因此聲線模態法之計算模組(Three-Dimensional acoustic propagation model of horizontal Gaussian Beam and Vertical Normal Mode, 3DGBM-M)主要處理高頻淺海的計算問題，同時改善一般簡正模態法計算時忽略模態耦合效應的缺失。模組驗證係經由Pekeris波導做為二維音傳的比較基準，模擬海洋環境中無三維效應的音傳損耗，計算結果與簡正模態法及高斯射線群法進行比較；另外，底床特徵增加仿沙丘的正弦地形，將聲源配置於波峰處，觀察三維效應下的聲場分布，並與FOR3DW(寬角度版本)比較兩者三維模擬的差異。未來聲線模態法之精進可從初始聲源驗證及模組振幅的演算精進兩方面著手，若能更精準計算各類水文環境及海洋地形時，聲線模態法則能清楚呈現三維效應中的聲場變化並具備高效率的計算優勢。The bathymetry and strong oceanographic variability in shallow water area can contribute to horizontal refraction. A wavefront obliquely incident upon an ocean front can be refracted in a direction dependent upon the angle of incidence and the modal phase speed which is determined by the horizontal wavenumber of the mode. This refraction on the horizontal plane causes convergence or spreading of acoustic energies and characterizes as the 3D effect. In this thesis, a hybrid underwater acoustic propagation model (Three-Dimensional acoustic propagation model of horizontal Gaussian Beam and Vertical Normal Mode, abbreviated as 3DGBM-M) based on the approach of horizontal rays and vertical modes is developed to interpret the horizontal refraction. The horizontal rays are calculated by the Gaussian beam method, in another word, the Gaussian beam method is used to calculate the modal amplitudes of vertical local modes. The Pekeris waveguide case is used as the benchmark to verify this hybrid model (3DGBM-M) for 2D propagation. The shallow water regions with sand dunes are modelled by adding sinusoidal variation to the ocean bottom in a Pekeris waveguide, and the underwater acoustic propagation in this region are calculated with 3DGBM-M and compared with the results calculated by wide-angle version of FOR3D. This hybrid model, 3DGBM-M, offers an robust solution to three-dimensional underwater acoustic propagation with improvement in spatial resolution, a result of using the Cartesian coordinates instead of the cylindrical coordinates, and high computing efficiency.誌謝 I
摘要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
符號目錄 XI
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的及方法 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.3.1 高斯射線群法之演進 4
1.3.2 三維聲學計算之現況 5
1.4 論文架構 7
第2章 理論推導 8
2.1 初始聲場定義 8
2.2 聲線模態法 10
第3章 三維聲場模組建置 18
3.1 模組開發說明 18
3.1.1 開發環境 18
3.1.2 模組架構說明 18
3.1.3 其他開發設定 19
3.2 邊界條件設定 20
3.3 計算環境設定 21
3.4 程式架構 22
3.4.1 理論與模組之轉換說明 22
3.4.2 程式執行流程 23
3.4.3 聲線模態法之聲場演算 25
第4章 程式驗證與討論 29
4.1 Case 1: Pekeris waveguide 30
4.2 Case 2: Sinusoidal bottom 35
第5章 結果與討論 42
5.1 未來工作 43
參考文獻…… 45
附件A 環境輸入檔格式範例 49
附件B 3DGBM-M之聲場演算程式碼 52
附錄C 動態射線方程式q、p 5
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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