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Comparison of two different therapeutic strategies in treatment of canine Babesia gibsoni Asian genotype infection
No full text犬吉貝氏焦蟲亞洲亞型的感染(Babesia gibsoni，B. gibsoni)之治療長期以來對臨床獸醫師相當具有挑戰性，自從發現對atovaquone具抗藥性的蟲體後，治療B. gibsoni除了合併給予atovaquone以及azithromycin(簡稱AA組)外，研究其他治療策略就顯得非常重要。本研究的目的在於評估合併給予clindamycin phosphate、diminazene aceturate及imidocarb diproprionate(簡稱CDI組)之療效並與AA組的治療效力做比較，進一步分析台灣焦蟲的基因突變情形。本研究將三十隻經由血液抹片檢查(blood smear examination)或聚合酶鏈鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)確診為B. gibsoni感染的患犬，依據治療方法不同分為兩組：AA組以atovaquone (13.3mg/Kg body weight，PO，q8h) 與azithromycin (10mg/Kg body weight，PO， q24h)合併治療，CDI組則以clinidamycin phosphate (30mg/kg body weight，PO， q12h)、diminazene aceturate (3.5mg/kg body weight，IM，就診日單次注射) 與 imidocarb diproprionate(6mg/kg body weight，SC，注射完diminazene後隔天單次給予)合併治療。完整紀錄患犬就診當天(day 0)與回診第7、14、21與28天的血紅素(Hb)、血容比(PCV)、紅血球(RBC)、血小板數(platelet counts)與寄生蟲血症(parasitemia)，利用巢式多重引子PCR(multiplex-nested PCR，Nested-mPCR)區分B. gibsoni的型別，並定序B. gibsoni cytochrom b(CYTb)基因以觀察突變情形。根據本研究結果，CDI組和AA組有相同的抑制寄生蟲血症與使血液檢查異常恢復的能力，甚至在第28天時，CDI組的Hb、PCV與RBC數值都較AA組高。AA組的復發率(relapse rate)為41.2%然而在CDI組僅15.4%，並且在所有AA組未康復的犬隻中都發現CYTb基因的M121I突變。綜合上述，B. gibsoni在AA組合治療之後確實出現抗藥性，而且CYTb基因的M121I突變與抗藥性的蟲體具絕對相關。因此一旦犬隻復發，則B. gibsoni CYTb基因的定序就顯得相當重要，如果出現了M121I的突變，則需要考量AA組合以外的治療策略。和AA組合相比，CDI組合雖然需要較長的治療時間，但是降低寄生蟲血症的能力相同，且有較高的康復率及所需的花費較少且無明顯的副作用，因此，在臨床治療犬隻B. gibsoni感染上，本研究的發現提供了一個新的選擇。The treatment of Babesia gibsoni Asian genotype (B. gibsoni Asian genotype) has long been a challenge to veterinarians as no drug can be used alone to eliminate the pathogen. Thirty client-owned dogs naturally infected with B. gibsoni as diagnosed with blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were enrolled in this study. Dogs were divided into two groups based on the treatment strategy initially. AA group received atovaquone (13.3mg/Kg body weight, PO, q8h) and azithromycin (10mg/Kg body weight, PO, q24h) and CDI group was treated with clinidamycin phosphate (30mg/kg body weight, PO, q12h), diminazene aceturate (3.5mg/kg body weight, IM, single dose at presenting day) and imidocarb diproprionate(6mg/kg body weight, SC, single dose, the day after diminazene was administrated). PCV, Hb, RBC, platelet counts, and parasitemia were recorded at presenting day (day 0) and during treatment at day 7, 14, 21, and 28. The B. gibsoni 18S rRNA gene was amplified and B. gibsoni cytochrom b (CYTb) gene were sequenced. As compare from the efficacy of suppressing parasitemia and the recovery of hematologic abnormalities, both groups have almost equal efficacy in treating B. gibsoni infection. Values of Hb, PCV, and RBC were higher in CDI group than in AA group at day 28. There were 41.2% dogs in AA group and 15.4% dogs in CDI relapsed after treatment, AA had higher relapsed rate than CDI. M121I mutation in B. gibsoni CYTb gene was detected in all AA-relapse and AA-non-remission samples. Drug resistance do occurred after treating by AA combination and M121I mutation in B. gibsoni CYTb gene is highly correlated in atovaquone-resistant B. gibsoni. Once relapse occurred, screening of the sequence of B. gibsoni CYTb gene is important and an alternative therapeutic strategy should be considered. Compared to AA combination, CDI combination has the same efficacy to suppress parasitemia, a higher recovery rate, and is less expensive without obvious side effects, unless it took longer treatment period. The CDI combination provided a good alternative choice in treating B. gibsoni Asian genotype
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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