9,070 research outputs found
On the Sherlocks, Jane Coleman and County Kildare in the Eighteen Forties
Full text linkIn the late 1980s and early 1990s the author acquired about 30,000 letters written mainly in the 1840s. These pertained to estates throughout Ireland managed by the firm of James Robert Stewart and Joseph Kincaid, hereafter denoted SK. Until the letters – called the SK correspondence in what follows – became the author’s property, they had not seen light of day since the 1840s. Addressed mainly to the firm’s office in Dublin, they were written by landlords, tenants, the partners in SK, local agents, etc. After about 200 years in operation as a land agency, the firm in which members of the Stewart family were the principal partners – Messrs J. R. Stewart & Son(s) from the mid- 1880s onwards – ceased operations in the mid-1980s. Since 1994 the author has been researching the SK correspondence of the 1840s. It gives many new insights into economic and social conditions in Ireland during the decade of the great famine, and into the operation of Ireland’s most important land agency during those years. It is intended ultimately to publish details on several of the estates managed by SK in a study more comprehensive than the present article, in book form. The proposed title is Landlords, tenants, famine: business of an Irish land agency in the 1840s, a draft of which has now been completed. A majority of the letters in that study are on themes some of which one might expect - rents, distraint (seizure of assets in lieu of rent); ‘voluntary’ surrender of land in return for ‘compensation’ upon quitting quietly; formal ejectment (a matter of last resort on estates managed by SK); landlordassisted emigration (on a scale much more extensive than most historians of Ireland in the 1840s appear to believe); petitions from tenants; complaints by tenants, both about other tenants and about local agents; landlord-financed and other relief of distress both before and during the great famine; major works of improvement (on almost all of the estates managed by SK which have been investigated in detail in the draft book); applications by SK, on behalf of landlords, for government loans to finance improvements; recommendations of agricultural advisers hired by SK, etc. Thus, most of the SK correspondence is about aspects of estate management. But the firm of SK was not only a manager of land. The correspondence reveals only two estates in Kildare, each of them relatively small, managed by SK in the 1840s. These were the lands of the Sherlocks near Naas and of Jane Coleman in the Kilcullen district. The correspondence on these properties differs substantively from most of those discussed in detail in the draft of Landlords, tenants, famine: first, it is relatively small in quantity, and secondly, it contains relatively little on the core aspects of estate management indicated above. Much of that on the Sherlocks focuses on misfortunes among family members, while the correspondence on Jane Coleman highlights the benevolence of that proprietor.
NLINLS: a Differential Evolution based nonlinear least squares Fortran 77 program
Full text linkThis paper provides the list of Fortran 77 codes of nonlinear least squares using Differential Evolution as the minimizer algorithm. It has been tested on a number of difficult nonlinear least squares problems (taken from NIST, USA including CPC-X Software challenge problems). Help on how to use the program also is provided.Nonlinear least squares; Differential Evolution; Fortran 77
Progress and Distress on the Stratford Estate in Clare during the Eighteen Forties
Full text linkIn the late 1980s and early 1990s, the author acquired about 30,000 letters written mainly in the 1840s. These pertained to estates throughout Ireland managed by James Robert Stewart and Joseph Kincaid, hereafter denoted SK. Until the letters - called the SK correspondence in what follows - became the author’s property, they had not seen light of day since the 1840s. Addressed mainly to the SK office in Dublin, they were written mainly by landlords, tenants, the partners in SK, local agents, etc. After about 200 years in operation as a land agency, the firm in which members of the Stewart family were the principal partners - Messrs J. R. Stewart & Son(s) from the mid-1880s onwards -- ceased business in the mid-1980s. Since 1994 the author has been researching the SK correspondence of the 1840s. It gives many new insights into economic and social conditions in Ireland during the decade of the great famine, and into the operation of Ireland’s most important land agency during those years. It is intended ultimately to publish details on several of the estates managed by SK in book form. The proposed title is Landlords, Tenants, Famine: Business of an Irish Land Agency in the 1840s, a draft of which has now been completed. A majority of the letters in the larger study from which the present article is drawn are on themes some of which one might expect - rents, distraint (seizure of assets in lieu of rent) ; ‘voluntary’ surrender of land in return for ‘compensation’ upon peacefully quitting; formal ejectment (a matter of last resort on estates managed by SK); landlord-assisted emigration (on a scale much more extensive than most historians of Ireland in the 1840s appear to believe); petitions from tenants; complaints by tenants, both about other tenants and local agents; major works of improvement (on almost all of the estates managed by SK); applications by SK, on behalf of proprietors, for government loans to finance improvements; recommendations of agricultural advisers hired by SK, ete. Thus, most of the SK correspondence is about aspects of estate management. It seems, in the 1840s, that the only estate in Clare managed by SK was that of the elderly Col. Stratford. Although the files on the relatively small Stratford estate are much less extensive than those on some of the estates investigated in detail in the draft of Landlords, Tenants, Famine, they do refer to most of the core aspects of estate management mentioned above. But in the case of the Clare estate, the material on some of those themes is extremely thin.
The relationship between radiologic interpretation and root tip fracture during tooth extraction performed by junior clinicians.
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A study of the life and career of Chen Yan (1846-1905) = Chen Yan (1846-1905) de sheng ping yu shi ye yan jiu
No full textChen Yan, also known as Chun Ayin, Chun Oi-ting, and Chun Shen Yin, was a prominent Chinese elite in nineteenth-century Hong Kong. He received an English education at St. Paul’s College and was employed first as an interpreter and later as a clerk at the Police Magistrate’s Court. Throughout his life, Chen made significant contributions in the areas of journalism, Chinese diplomacy, and industrialization. In journalism, Chen launched the remarkable Chinese newspaper Chinese Mail (Huazi Ribao) in 1872. It was the first Hong Kong newspaper under Chinese direction and management, marking a new era of journalism in China. Chen went on to form the Chinese Printing and Publishing Company and founded another Chinese newspaper, Xunhuan Ribao, in 1874. His second contribution was to work toward the protection and support of overseas Chinese. To this end, he leveraged his newspaper to create public support for the suppression of the illegal and cruel coolie trade. Later, as the Consul of Matanzas and Consul General of Cuba from 1879 to 1889, he provided consular protection to Cuban Chinese. His efforts were greatly extolled by the local Chinese community. Chen’s third contribution was to advance industrialization under the Qing government. In 1892, he was appointed as the Managing Director of the Kaiping Mines. He implemented measures to improve the system of coal production and helped Kaiping become one of the most successful enterprises in China. Chen then joined the Imperial Chinese Railway Administration responsible for railway loan contract negotiation. A determined and skillful bargainer, he negotiated four loan contracts totaling 87,320,000 taels to protect the interests of the China railway. He was also elected as the Chief Director of three railways: the Canton-Hankou Railway, the Shanghai-Wusong Railway, and the Shanghai-Naning Railway. During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, he assisted Sheng Xuanhuai (1844-1916) to liaise with foreign consuls in Shanghai to ensure the implementation of the Mutual Defense Pact of the Southeastern Province. Because of his great diplomatic skill, he was assigned to help Sheng in the negotiation of the Mackay Treaty. The treaty was praised as the most successful commercial agreement of the late Qing period. Chen’s life and career is an extraordinary historical case in the study of the Chinese of Hong Kong. It also demonstrates how Hong Kong talent shaped the modernization movement in China. Regrettably, current scholarship on Chen is brief, partial, and based on outdated information. Important materials such as the Chinese Mail and Sheng Xuanhuai archives have not been utilized. The aim of this study is to examine the life and career of Chen in the areas of journalism, diplomacy, industrialization, and treaty negotiation to gain a full appreciation of his contributions to Hong Kong and mainland China.published_or_final_versionChineseDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph
SK channels deteriorate hypoxic ventricular arrhythmia
Full text linkThe molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms of acute ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophied hearts are not well known. We hypothesized that small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels are activated during hypoxia via the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent pathway. We used normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) as a model of cardiac hypertrophy. The inhibitory effects of SK channels and ATP-sensitive K+ channels on electrophysiological changes and genesis of arrhythmias during simulated global hypoxia (GH) were evaluated. Hypoxia-induced abbreviation of action potential duration (APD) occurred earlier in ventricles from SHRs versus. WKY rats. Apamin, a SK channel blocker, prevented this abbreviation in SIIRs in both the early and delayed phase of GH, whereas in WKY rats only the delayed phase was prevented. In contrast, SHRs were less sensitive to glibenclamide, a ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, which inhibited the APD abbreviation in both phases of GH in WKY rats. SK channel blockers (apamin and UCL-1684) reduced the incidence of hypoxia-induced sustained ventricular arrhythmias in SHRs but not in WKY rats. Among three SK channel isoforms. SK2 channels were directly coimmunoprecipitated with CaMKII phosphorylated at Thr(286) (p-CaMKII). We conclude that activation of SK channels leads to the APD abbreviation and sustained ventricular arrhythmias during simulated hypoxia, especially in hypertrophied hearts. This mechanism may result from p-CaMKII-bound SK2 channels and reveal new molecular targets to prevent lethal ventricular arrhythmias during acute hypoxia in cardiac hypertrophy. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We now show a new pathophysiological role of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, which shorten the action potential duration and induce ventricular arrhythmias during hypoxia. We also demonstrate that small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels interact with phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II at Thr(286) in hypertrophied hearts
Sustained attention deficits in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: a recurrence risk ratio analysis.
No full textA study on the relationship of sexual activity to physical diseases among the elderly aged 65 and over in Taiwan
No full textChromosomal clustering and GATA transcriptional regulation of intestine-expressed genes in C-elegans
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