1,725,291 research outputs found
Learning through informal local and global linkages: The case of Taiwan’s machine tool industry
No full textThe Philosophies of Lu Jiuyuan and Chen Liang: Common Underlying Themes
Full text link本稿は中国南宋時代の思想家、陸九淵と陳亮に焦点をあてて論じたものである。陸九淵と陳亮はともに、ほぼ同時期に朱熹と論争を繰り広げた。それにもかかわらず従来の研究では、陸九淵は自らの心の内面を、陳亮は外界の事象（歴史や現実問
題）を語ることを重視した正反対の思想の持ち主であると位置づけられ、相互に関連づけて論じられることはあまりなかった。
それに対して本稿では、両者の心や理、道と聖人に関する考え方に着目した。彼らはともに心や理、道を普遍的、通時的なものととらえ、それに基づき、後世の人間と古の聖人との一貫性を強調していた。このような立場にたつゆえに、聖人との境界が曖昧になり、それに至るべく学問修養をする意味が薄れてしまう。そして結果として、軽々しく聖人到達を口にしない朱熹との対立が生じることとなったのである。
ところで何故、陸九淵と陳亮が以上のような考えを持つに至ったかといえば、それは心や理、道における聖人との一貫性を強調することで、それを踏み外してしまうことへ意識を先鋭化させる効果を狙ったためであった。両者の示す興味関心は異
なるものの、彼らの思想には以上のような共通する発想があったのである。This paper focuses on the philosophies of Lu Jiuyuan and Chen Liang, who were philosophers in China during the Southern Song Dynasty and were controversial regarding Zhu Xi at this same time. In previous studies, the connection between Lu Jiuyuan and Chen Liang, who have diametrically opposed philosophies with emphasis on the inner face of one’s own mind and the events of the external world had not been discussed. This paper reveals that they both emphasized the consistency of the world for posterity with the ancient Sages such as Yao, Shun and Confucius by focusing on the ideas of Xin（mind）,Li（principle）and Dao（path）. These were regarded as universal and diachronic, the Sages also had equally. Consequently, the boundary between the Sages and the world for posterity has become ambiguous and the importance for the disciplines has faded. Zhu Xi did not speak of the attainment of the Sage thoughtlessly; therefore his conflict with Lu Jiuyuan and Chen Liang occurred. Lu Jiuyuan and Chen Liang have similar ideas that emphasized the consistency of Xin, Li and Dao, because the effect of sharpening consciousness strayed away from these. Although interest was shown by both as different, there were common underlying themes in their philosophies.departmental bulletin pape
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inhibition of anaerobic degradation of treated paper samples under simulated landfill conditions
No full textAn innovative idea for formulating paper products with incorporated inhibitors or competitors of methanogenesis to reduce or postpone the methane potential of paper during degradation in landfills was examined in this proof of concept study. Three types of formulae, termed BioLithe™(A), BioLithe™(B), and BioLithe™(C) consisting of various chemical compounds known to inhibit methanogenesis or serve as competitive electron acceptors, were provided and were tested for their potential for methane reduction when combined with paper. The study utilized two research approaches. First, biogas evolution was measured and assayed for methane content and cumulative biogas and methane production were compared during decomposition of variously treated and untreated paper samples. Second, the microbial communities present during degradation of treated and untreated paper were characterized using polymerase chain reaction amplification of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes and separation of phylotypes by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. These approaches were used to compare paper treated with different BioLithe formulations in four separate tests. In Test 1, BioLithe-saturated paper samples prepared in the laboratory were tested in laboratory-scale batch reactors that simulated anaerobic landfill conditions and their biogas and methane production was quantified and compared to those of untreated paper. Test 2 was designed to inspect impacts on methane generation of BioLithe solutions added to anaerobic medium. Test 3 was performed to assess methane production associated with artificially BioLithe-saturated paper prepared at different concentrations. Finally, industrially prepared BioLithe-treated paper was evaluated for methane potential in Test 4. Results show that BioLithe™(B) could effectively control paper degradation in relatively high amounts, or decrease methane generation correspondingly even with a relatively small amount of coating on paper, while the other two formulae BioLithe™(A) and BioLithe™(C) failed to control methanogenesis. Microbial communities existing during anaerobic paper degradation also shifted in response to the presence of BioLithe™(B) and this community shift might be associated with methane production performance.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Liang Che
A Novel Architecture of Inverse Quantization and Multichannel Processing for MPEG-2 Audio Decoding
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