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Corporate Strategies, Bargaining Power, and Post-Strike Operating Performance
No full text本文利用美國1982至2006年間所發生的235個罷工事件探討公司策略對於罷工時勞資間的談判力及罷工後營運績效的影響。實證結果顯示平均而言樣本公司在罷工當季營運績效顯著下降，但是在罷工後第一季便回到正常水準。有趣的是，樣本公司在罷工後第二季開始直到第七季營運績效反而領先同業，這種現象在規模較大，時間較長的罷工樣本中更為明顯。進一步分析顯示罷工後營運績效的提升可能來自於罷工結束時資方取得勞動成本較低的新契約。此外，罷工前後營運績效的改變與公司的策略有關。在罷工前降低現金比率及負債比率或囤積存貨的公司及非相關多角化的公司相對於勞方擁有較強的談判力，因此較有可能得到工會在薪資及福利上的讓步，從而在罷工後有較佳的營運績效。I study how corporate policies will affect firm’s bargaining power against union during strike by examining the post-strike operating performance. The sample consists of 235 struck firms in the United State from 1982 to 2006. Notwithstanding a substantial drop in ROA is found in the strike quarter, struck firms on average exhibit superior performance starting from the second post strike quarter. As a result, there are no significant performance changes from pre-strike year to strike year, suggesting that in a substantial portion of struck firms, the strike cost is mostly offset or dominated by the gain form union wage concession at the settlement. This result holds for strikes coming in large scale and long durations. Regression analysis reveals that, firms decreasing their debt ratio and cash ratio or increasing their inventory in terms of finished goods prior to strike and firms engaging in unrelated diversifications tend to have better bargaining power during strike and therefore are more likely to perform better after settlement. I also show that some institutional and industrial factors related to the bargaining power between union and struck firms can also have impact on the post-strike operating performance. These impacts are economically significant as well.口試委員會審定書 i辭 ii文摘要 iii文摘要 iv. Introduction 1. Data Description 5. How do strikes affect operating performance? 8.1 Theory and methodology 8.2 Whole sample analysis 10.3 Subsample analysis 12. How do corporate strategies affect the post strike operating performance? 13.1 Corporate strategies 14.2 Other institutional and industrial factors 17.3 Model specification 19.4 Empirical results 20.5 Causality concern 24.6 Economic significance 25. Conclusion 26ppendix 2
Board structure, director expertise, and advisory role of outside directors
No full textWe investigate how a shock to corporate demand for experienced directors (i.e., U.S. Congress’ grant of Permanent Normal Trade Relations status to China in 2000) affects U.S. firms’ board structure and board advisory role. We find that firms appoint more outside directors with China-related experience after the grant. Firms with such directors realize higher returns around announcements of investments involving Chinese firms and better post-deal operating performance, particularly when these directors reside in the U.S. The appointment of directors with China experience is also greeted more positively by the stock market and they gain more board seats after the grant.We are especially grateful to the referee, Michael Weisbach, for his valuable advice. We also thank Alexander Ljungqvist, Jerry Parwada, John Wei, William Schwert (editor), and seminar participants at Nanyang Technological University, National Central University, National Chiao Tung University, National Tsing Hua University, and Yuan Ze University for their useful comments. We are also grateful to participants at the 2018 Doctoral Symposium of National Taiwan University. Sheng-Syan Chen, Yan-Shing Chen, and Shu-Cing Peng gratefully acknowledge financial support from E.SUN Commercial Bank and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (MOST 106–2917-I-002–021), respectively. All errors are our own
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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