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The Utopian Thought of K’ung Yu-wei
No full text 康有為以三世進化說的觀點，雜揉佛學、先秦諸子學與近代西方思潮，重新詮釋儒學；並進一步建立一個鎔鑄於西方近代民主、科學、資本主義生產力、與康氏新儒學理念的新社會：大同世界。本文從進化觀切入，分析康有為的大同思想，並以此探討康有為對儒學的理解、實踐與特徵。
康氏將「仁」視為儒學的核心理念，他提倡蘊含平等與互助之意的「仁」，旨在批判社會達爾文主義。他指出，歷史的進化是基於互助式的競爭；再者，他從「仁」與「進步」的兩個面向，檢視現存經濟、政治、社會層面的制度與規範，進一步批判依據自由市場、君主制、家族制與主權國家。最終，他在《大同書》中完成「仁政」，將井田制與天下秩序結合，建立一個政治完善，經濟平等，思想自由的新世界。康氏並以「仁」整合各家思想，在「仁」的歷史觀下，康氏統合各家學說，成為一個完整、相容的思想體系。其中，儒學擔任引領世界走向大同的任務，大同說正是康有為保教的主要原因。
康有為相信，經由智識的積累、科學、科技的發展與制度的變革，可擴充人性中的「仁」，由此，歷史會逐步進化，實現大同世界。受進化觀的影響，康有為對天人、人我、禮義、理慾的關係與宇宙的組成，有不同於傳統的解釋。他認為「天」是實際發生的自然法則，而非道德性、超越性的存在，慾望是自然法則的一部分，康氏並以此提出新的秩序方案，重構政治與社會制度。同時，在進化觀的影響下，康氏特別強調思想要能解決時代的問題，且因政治、社會條件會隨歷史進化而變化，在不同的歷史階段，需有不同的思想指導。由此，他提出「義理無定」的說法，並將「中庸」解釋為適宜的意思，強調思想需配合客觀條件的情況。
在進化的序列上，儒學對康有為而言，如同通往大同世界的舟車、橋梁，是邁向下個歷史階段的「歷史工具」。這意謂著，其一，儒學並非本身具有神聖性，而是以「有效」作為基準，儒學之價值與作用，端視其能否解決時代問題與幫助歷史進化；再者，儒學的存在有時間、空間的限制與侷限性，當倫理規範或社會條件改變，儒學已無力解決時代的問題，則是儒學邁入終點之時。因此，康有為雖意圖保存、抬高孔子思想，但他因以功效與歷史工具的角度論述儒學的正當性與優越性，無意間卻消解了儒學的神聖性，反造成打擊儒學傳統的歷史後果。謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract IV
目錄 VI
緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 文獻回顧 8
三、研究方法與章節安排 16
第一章 進化論的建構與影響 18
第一節 建構進化論 19
第二節 進化論的提出 25
第三節 進化論對康有為思想的影響 29
第四節 結論 37
第二章 儒學的歷史作用與定位 39
第一節 儒家與佛學 39
第二節 重探保教 49
第三節 結論 57
第三章 大同秩序及其實現 61
第一節 秩序的起源與形成 61
第二節 儒學的現代性方案 70
第三節 仁政：仁及其實踐 74
第四節 結論 85
第四節 總結 87
參考書目 9
Testing Luminescence Dating on the Sediments Derived from Debris Flow: A Case Study from Lao-Nung River, Southern Taiwan.
No full text為了瞭解災害性土石流事件的再現性，定出土石流成因沉積物的年代成了一件重要任務。碳十四定年的材料較為稀少及難以蒐集，因此必須利用其他方法來克服困難。雖然螢光定年已被廣泛運用在不同類型的沉積物，但對於土石流環境的沉積物，不完全曬退仍然是個重要議題。又螢光定年的主要材料是常見的石英，若不完全曬退的問題可以被解決，就能變成一個有用的測定土石流年代的工具。 荖濃溪谷有很多土石流形成的扇階，為了評估螢光定年是否適合應用在這樣的沉積物，本研究於荖濃溪總共測試了三個樣本：BC01、CS01以及TY01。BC01和CS01是主流堰塞沉積物，而TY01則是土石流沉積物的基質砂。此外，這三個樣本都具有碳十四定年的結果來做為年代控制。本研究將單片再生法同時應用在單顆粒法及小片法，以找出較適合用於測量等效劑量的方法，然後將結果用來評估不完全曬退的影響。劑量率估算，則是同時採用X光螢光光譜法配合感應耦合電漿質譜儀、及伽瑪光譜法來估算。由於曬退的程度可能有所不同，所以螢光年代的計算採用不同的年代模型，並以碳十四定年結果做為控制，找出最適合土石流沉積物的螢光年代模型。 本研究結果顯示，樣本的等效劑量分布較廣。利用感應耦合電漿質譜儀加上X光螢光光譜法所計算出來的年劑量，和只使用伽瑪光譜儀的測量結果計算的年劑量並不相同。本研究認為分散的等效劑量可能代表沉積物複雜的搬運及堆積歷史，而利用不同方法所計算的年劑量分歧，可能指示不穩定的環境。螢光年代可以涵蓋碳十四年代結果，因此螢光定年確實有潛力應用在土石流事件定年。雖然土石流沉積物所表現的特性令人對螢光定年法的適用性有所懷疑，本研究認為結合單顆粒法及最小年代模型可能是個解決之道。In order to understand the recurrence of disastrous debris flow events, dating of the debris flow derived deposits has become an important mission. However, using radiocarbon dating can only partially accomplish this mission because of the rare and nonsystematic sample findings. Therefore, it is necessary to find another method to solve above-mentioned problems. Although luminescence dating has been widely applied on several types of deposits, the issue of incomplete bleaching is still a challenge for sediments deposited in debris flow environments. If this problem can be properly solved, luminescence dating will become a useful tool since its major material is commonly distributed quartz. In the Lao-Nung River valley there are a lot of fan terraces which were formed by debris-flow events. For the purpose of assessing luminescence dating for such kind of deposits, three sampling sites were targeted: BC01, CS01, and TY01. BC01 and CS01 are both identified as dammed-up fluvial sediments, and TY01 is sand matrix within debris flow sediments. Furthermore, for all samples radiocarbon ages as independent age control are available. To test the feasible way for equivalent dose, single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol has been applied to both single grain and small aliquot. Then use these two methods to examine the incomplete bleaching problem. For the dose rate estimate, combing x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS) measurements were both carried out. Since the bleaching effect is various between different samples for such sediments, the burial ages were therefore corrected through several age models and yielded the final results close to their corresponding radiocarbon ages. The results show widely distributed equivalent doses and also a discrepancy between ICP-MS + XRF and GRS in the annual dose evaluation. In fact, the scattered equivalent dose distribution may indicate the complexity of transport and deposition histories, and the discrepancy of the annual dose may indicate an unstable environment. The luminescence dating results show good agreements with the radiocarbon dating results; hence, luminescence dating has a potential to date sediments deposited in debris flow environments. Though those characteristics related to debris flow were left questions in the traditional luminescence dating, this study gives the acceptable solution that is to combine the single-grain method plus the minimum age model (MAM) together
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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