1,721,031 research outputs found
Explanatory Style, Explanatory Flexibility and Explanatory Diversity as Moderators between Stress and Depression
No full text目的：根據絕望理論，解釋風格為憂鬱特異質與壓力模型中的認知脆弱因子之一。過去研究也證實解釋風格在壓力與憂鬱間的調節效果。此外，有學者提出解釋彈性－個體在跨情境間解釋的變異程度，認為較低的解釋彈性亦可能是憂鬱的認知特異性之一，研究結果亦支持解釋彈性在壓力與憂鬱之間的調節效果。綜合上述，除了個體對事件的解釋內容傾向之外，個體在解釋的變異亦可能是憂鬱的認知脆弱因子。然而，過去少有研究探討個體對相同情境產生的多個解釋之變異（本研究稱之為解釋多樣性），對壓力與憂鬱關聯的影響。因此，本研究除了嘗試驗證解釋風格與解釋彈性在壓力與憂鬱間的調節效果，更試圖檢驗解釋多樣性在壓力與憂鬱間所的調節角色。此外，過去在解釋變異的研究，未曾以個體的真實生活事件作為評量材料，故本研究同時以假設性壓力事件與真實性壓力事件，探討三項解釋型態指標在特異質與壓力模式中的角色。方法：本研究以 146 位大學生為樣本，進行間隔約兩週的跨時間點研究。在第一個時間點，請參與者填寫「解釋風格、彈性及多樣性評量量表」、「生活壓力量表」以及「中文版貝克憂鬱量表第二版」，間隔約兩週後，再請參與者填寫「生活壓力量表」與「中文版貝克憂鬱量表第二版」。本研究以階層性迴歸分析，探討控制基準生活壓力與憂鬱症狀後，三個解釋型態變項在壓力與憂鬱間關聯的調節效果。結果：（1）假設性壓力事件下之解釋風格，可以顯著預測兩週後的憂鬱症狀，但在壓力與憂鬱之間未有顯著的調節效果。真實性壓力事件下之解釋風格，無法預測兩週後的憂鬱症狀，在壓力與憂鬱間亦無調節效果。（2）假設性壓力事件下之解釋彈性與真實性壓力事件下之解釋彈性，皆可調節壓力與憂鬱的關聯，相較於解釋彈性較低的個體，解釋彈性較高者，壓力與憂鬱的正向關聯較強。（3）假設性壓力事件下之解釋多樣性可調節壓力與憂鬱的關聯，在解釋多樣性較低時，壓力與憂鬱無顯著關聯，但在解釋多樣性較高者，壓力與憂鬱有顯著的正向關聯。真實性壓力事件下之解釋多樣性，無法預測兩週後的憂鬱，在壓力與憂鬱間亦無調節效果。討論：本研究嘗試以解釋複雜性、因果不確定性，以及測量上的限制等因素，來探討本研究結果的發現，並討論本研究結果的貢獻、臨床應用，以及研究限制與未來研究方向。OBJECTIVE: According to the hopelessness theory, explanatory style is a cognitive vulnerability in the diathesis-stress model of depression. Findings validate the moderating role of explanatory style in the relations between stress and depression. Recently, researchers propose the construct of explanatory flexibility－the variations of one’s explanations to different situations, and findings indicate that explanatory flexibility interacts with life stress to predict depressive symptoms. The above research findings suggest, in addition to the content of one’s explanations to negative events, the explanatory flexibility is also a possible cognitive vulnerability factor. However, no past study has examined the role of individual differences in variations among several explanations one attribute to the same event (we named it explanatory diversity) in the relation with stress and depression. Therefore, the current study not only tried to replicate the moderating roles of explanatory style and explanatory flexibility on the relationship between life stress and depression, but also to assess whether explanatory diversity has moderating effect on the relationship of stress and depression. What’s more, past studies on variations of explanation have never used real life stressful events as the target events of attribution, so the current study included both hypothetical and real life stressful events to explore the role of the above-mentioned three explanatory variables in the model of diathesis-stress model. METHOD: We recruited 146 undergraduate students to carry out two time-points measurements with about two-week interval. At time 1, we asked participants to complete “the Explanatory Style, Flexibility, and Diversity Scale”, “Life Stress Scale (LSS)”, and “Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, BDI-II”. At time 2, participants completed the LSS and BDI-II again. We used hierarchical regression analyses to explore the interaction effect between the three explanatory variables and life stress on depressive symptoms, after controlling baseline life stress and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The findings include: (1) Explanatory style for hypothetical stressful life events could significantly predict depressive symptoms two weeks later, but couldn’t moderate the relationship between stress and depression. Explanatory style for real stressful life events couldn’t predict depressive symptoms, nor did it moderate the relationship between stress and depression. (2) Explanatory flexibility for both hypothetical and real stressful life events had a moderating effect on life stress and depressive symptoms. Relative to individuals with low explanatory flexibility, those with high explanatory flexibility displayed stronger positive association between life stress and depressive symptoms. (3) Explanatory diversity for hypothetical stressful life events interacts with life stress to predict depressive symptoms. Among those with low explanatory diversity, their life stress did not correlate with depressive symptoms, but for individuals with high explanatory diversity, life stress correlated with depressive symptoms significantly. However, explanatory diversity for real stressful life events could not predict depressive symptoms or moderate the relationship between stress and depression. DISSCUTION: The current study attempts to explain the above findings by discussing the construct of attributional complexity and causal uncertainty, and measurements limitations. Possible applications, clinical implications, and future directions are further discussed
<b>Supplemental Material - Potential of thermoresponsive hydrogel as an alternative therapy for rat knee osteoarthritis</b>
No full textSupplemental Material for Potential of thermoresponsive hydrogel as an alternative therapy for rat knee osteoarthritis by Yi Kung1, Wei-Chun Chien, Hsin-Hsin Shen, Sen-Lu Chen, Wei-Lin Yu, Yu-Chi Wang, Wen-Shiang Chen and Chueh-Hung Wu in Journal of Biomaterials Applications.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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