1,720,989 research outputs found
Resolving the fungal velvet domain architecture by Aspergillus nidulans VelB
No full textABSTRACT Velvet transcription factors are found throughout the fungal kingdom and share a common velvet domain with a fold similar to that of animal NF-κB. They act as homodimeric or heterodimeric master regulators of fungal secondary metabolism, development, and differentiation. A comparison of velvet domains from 4,999 fungal velvet proteins revealed a conserved overall architecture, including an N-terminal DNA-binding region of approximately 30 amino acids and a C-terminal dimerization region of about 100 amino acids. The dimerization region comprises α- and β-subunits separated by a linker region. A detailed analysis of the velvet domain in Aspergillus nidulans VelB identified glycine (glycine 240) and leucine (leucine 331) residues in the dimerization region as critical for interactions with velvet proteins. These core amino acid residues are conserved and also essential for the function of VeA or VosA, which corroborates their general importance in functional fungal velvet domains. Functional studies of VelB dimerization linkers suggest its tolerance for length shortening. These findings enhance our understanding of the working mechanisms of fungal velvet regulators. IMPORTANCE Fungi, as relatives of animals within Opisthokonta, are closely connected to human life through interactions such as food, pathogenicity, and medicines. Similar to animals, fungi have developed NF-κB-like velvet family regulators to respond to various environmental and internal signals. Velvet regulators form homo- or heterodimers in implementing different functional roles. However, the molecular mechanism by which velvet proteins interact remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found a common architecture of fungal velvet domains and resolved the dimerization region using Aspergillus nidulans VelB as a paradigm. The growing understanding of the fungal velvet regulatory network may help to control fungi for pathogenic and industrial purposes and shed light on the general mechanisms shared with the animal NF-κB system in cellular responses to stimuli.Fungi, as relatives of animals within Opisthokonta, are closely connected to human life through interactions such as food, pathogenicity, and medicines. Similar to animals, fungi have developed NF-κB-like velvet family regulators to respond to various environmental and internal signals. Velvet regulators form homo- or heterodimers in implementing different functional roles. However, the molecular mechanism by which velvet proteins interact remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found a common architecture of fungal velvet domains and resolved the dimerization region using Aspergillus nidulans VelB as a paradigm. The growing understanding of the fungal velvet regulatory network may help to control fungi for pathogenic and industrial purposes and shed light on the general mechanisms shared with the animal NF-κB system in cellular responses to stimuli.ABSTRACT Velvet transcription factors are found throughout the fungal kingdom and share a common velvet domain with a fold similar to that of animal NF-κB. They act as homodimeric or heterodimeric master regulators of fungal secondary metabolism, development, and differentiation. A comparison of velvet domains from 4,999 fungal velvet proteins revealed a conserved overall architecture, including an N-terminal DNA-binding region of approximately 30 amino acids and a C-terminal dimerization region of about 100 amino acids. The dimerization region comprises α- and β-subunits separated by a linker region. A detailed analysis of the velvet domain in Aspergillus nidulans VelB identified glycine (glycine 240) and leucine (leucine 331) residues in the dimerization region as critical for interactions with velvet proteins. These core amino acid residues are conserved and also essential for the function of VeA or VosA, which corroborates their general importance in functional fungal velvet domains. Functional studies of VelB dimerization linkers suggest its tolerance for length shortening. These findings enhance our understanding of the working mechanisms of fungal velvet regulators. IMPORTANCE Fungi, as relatives of animals within Opisthokonta, are closely connected to human life through interactions such as food, pathogenicity, and medicines. Similar to animals, fungi have developed NF-κB-like velvet family regulators to respond to various environmental and internal signals. Velvet regulators form homo- or heterodimers in implementing different functional roles. However, the molecular mechanism by which velvet proteins interact remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found a common architecture of fungal velvet domains and resolved the dimerization region using Aspergillus nidulans VelB as a paradigm. The growing understanding of the fungal velvet regulatory network may help to control fungi for pathogenic and industrial purposes and shed light on the general mechanisms shared with the animal NF-κB system in cellular responses to stimuli.Fungi, as relatives of animals within Opisthokonta, are closely connected to human life through interactions such as food, pathogenicity, and medicines. Similar to animals, fungi have developed NF-κB-like velvet family regulators to respond to various environmental and internal signals. Velvet regulators form homo- or heterodimers in implementing different functional roles. However, the molecular mechanism by which velvet proteins interact remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found a common architecture of fungal velvet domains and resolved the dimerization region using Aspergillus nidulans VelB as a paradigm. The growing understanding of the fungal velvet regulatory network may help to control fungi for pathogenic and industrial purposes and shed light on the general mechanisms shared with the animal NF-κB system in cellular responses to stimuli.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Comparative analyses and structural insights of new class glutathione transferases in Cryptosporidium species
No full textImpact of lifestyle on cytochrome P450 monooxygenase repertoire is clearly evident in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variation of postharvest quality attributes and aroma development of Xiaobai apricot during storage at near freezing temperature
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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