1,795 research outputs found
Opportunities and Investment Strategies to Improve Food Security and Reduce Poverty in Mali through the Diffusion of Improved Agricultural Technologies
No full textThis document reviews the potential agricultural technologies that exist or can feasibly be produced to help promote poverty reduction and food security in Mali in the next 5 to 10 years. Overall there are a plethora of good technologies either available, in the pipeline, or feasible with a small amount of research effort. In many cases succeeding in poverty reduction and increasing food security will not be about choosing the exact right technology, but about helping farmers access and know about a panoply of available technologies from which they can choose the right one to maximize their future potential.Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty,
Access to irrigation and the escape from poverty: Evidence from Northern Mali
No full text"Significant changes in the agricultural sector in northern Mali suggest that irrigation has made a large contribution to welfare increases over the past eight years. Using difference-in-differences, propensity score matching, and matched difference in differences with a small panel, this study estimates the impact of access to irrigation on poverty, production, and nutrient intakes. The findings suggest that gains in agricultural production value do not transfer uniquely to household consumption. The paper tests two alternative hypotheses about the distribution of agricultural gains: (1) the gains in agricultural production induced by irrigation yield higher household savings, or (2) intra-village transfers from irrigators to non-irrigators contribute to informal social insurance. The paper provides evidence of both saving and sharing within villages as complimentary strategies for consuming gains in agricultural production. This finding suggests that estimating the effects of a program, relying solely on household consumption, may underestimate the welfare gains of irrigation investment by ignoring the household's savings and informal insurance network." from Author's AbstractIrrigation, Informal insurance, Development strategy,
Paracanthocobitis putaoensis Lin & Chen & Myint & Chen 2023, sp. nov.
No full textParacanthocobitis putaoensis sp. nov., Lin, Chen & Chen (Figs 1–4) Holotype. KIZ 2015006395 (SEABRI 20151117), 55.7 mm standard length (SL), male; Tanjar Stream, passing Lone Shar Yan Village, Putao District, Kachin State, Myanmar (approx. 27°08'18.92"N, 97°33'34.38"E; ~ 422 m a.s.l.); col. Xiao-Yong Chen, Tao Qin, Shu-Sen Shu, and Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw, 26 December 2015. Paratypes. SEABRI 20140216–17, 19, 21–22, 25, 27–29, 9 ex., 42.5–74.5 mm SL, tributary of Mali Hka River in NaungMun, Putao District, Kachin State, Myanmar (approx. 27°30'15.3"N, 97°48'48.2"E; ~ 543 m a.s.l.), col. Tao Qin; 30 November 2014 to 7 December 2014. SEABRI 20151113, 20151116, 20151118, 3 ex., 36.6–66.0 mm SL, same data as holotype. KIZ 2015006396–98 (SEABRI 20151247–49), 3 ex., 41.2–72.3 mm SL, Chan Khaung Stream, Putao District, Kachin State, Myanmar (approx. 27°24'32.09"N, 97°18'57.05"E; ~ 405 m a.s.l.), col. XiaoYong Chen, Tao Qin, Shu-Sen Shu, and Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw; 28 December 2015. Additional material. SEABRI20151114, 1 ex., 55.1 mm SL, same data as holotype, used for physical dissection. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. SEABRI-QT 20170096, 1 ex., 62.8 mm SL, Putao District: a stream of Mali Hka River, 27°40'20.69"N, 97°23'2.70"E (GenBank accession numbers: OP723460).— SEABRIQT 20170116-117, 132-133, 4 ex., 54.3–66.3 mm SL, Putao District: a stream of Mali Hka River, 27°41'57.54"N, 97°24'7.29"E (GenBank accession numbers: OP723461 - OP723464). Diagnosis: Paracanthocobitis putaoensis can be readily distinguished from all other species of Paracanthocobitis by the combination of horizontally oriented suborbital groove in males; incomplete lateral line, with 39–54 pores, extending to anus but not surpassing origin of anal-fin; axillary pelvic lobe present; 9½–10½ (usually 10½) branched dorsal-fin rays; 11–12 (usually 12) pectoral-fin rays; and caudal fin with 5 dark bands. Description: General appearance is shown in Figures 1–2. Morphometric data for the holotype and 15 paratypes are shown in Table 2. Body moderately elongated and robust, largest known specimen 74.5 mm SL. Body cylindrical anteriorly (between pectoral-fin and dorsal-fin origin) and slightly compressed posteriorly, especially caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile continuous with no hump between head and body, except the inconspicuous slight depression on occipital margin. Deepest and widest point of body at or just anterior to dorsal-fin origin; body depth slowly increasing to dorsal-fin origin and then appreciably decreasing to end of dorsal-fin base, postdorsal body depth almost uniform to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile almost flat to anal-fin origin, then slightly rising to caudalfin base. Head moderately depressed and triangular when viewed dorsally, snout obtusely rounded. In lateral view, cheeks slightly swollen, snout slightly pointed. Anterior nostril pierced in front of a flap-like tube; posterior nostril adjacent to anterior nostril. Eye relatively small, eye diameter 14.7–26.9% HL. Mouth inferior, moderately large and strongly arched, gape about twice as wide as long. Lips thick and fleshy with well-developed papillae; upper lip with 3–4 rows of papillae, contiguous with lower lip, and a small median incision on upper lip; large thick pad with dense bulbous papillae on sides of lower lip; pads separated by a narrow median interruption (Fig. 3 a). Processus dentiformis on upper jaw present, and no median notch on lower jaw. Three pairs of barbels; maxillary barbels longest, reaching vertical of posterior rim of eye; inner rostral barbels reaching anterior margin of nostril, outer rostral barbels almost reaching vertical of anterior margin of orbit. Body entirely covered with scales. Dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin origin, and slightly closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; dorsal-fin with 4 simple and 9½ (6) or 10½ (10) branched rays, the 1 st or 2 nd branched ray longest; posterior margin of dorsal-fin truncate and distal margin above vertical of anus. Pectoral-fin margin slightly convex, with 1 simple and 10 (13) or 11 (3) branched rays; tip of adpressed fin reaching about 1/2 to 3/5 distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin origin at vertical line of third branched ray of dorsal fin, and slightly closer to pectoral-fin origin than to anal-fin origin or at midpoint of them. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 branched rays, and tip of adpressed fin not reaching anus. Axillary pelvic lobe present (Fig. 3 b). Anus closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin tip. Anal-fin origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Anal fin small with convex margin, with 3 simple and 5½ branched rays, not reaching caudal-fin base. Caudal fin slightly emarginate, with 8+8 branched rays. Caudal-peduncle length 1.1–1.2 times its depth. Lateral line incomplete, with 39–54 pores (6), extending at vicinity of anus and not surpassing anal-fin insertion. Cephalic sensory system (6) with 4+9–11 infraorbital pores, 7–8 supraorbital pores, 3 supratemporal pores, and 8 preoperculo-mandibular pores. Intestine with a loop behind stomach, extending forward to anterior extremity of stomach (Fig. 3 c). Colouration: In preservative, yellowish brown on background of head and body, whitish on belly; head with 2–3 brown transverse blotches, snout, and cheeks with many small dark spots. Body with 3 rows of large blotches and 1 row of small, irregular paler spots close to ventral side. The 1 st row is 10–15 brown saddles across dorsum (3–4 predorsal, 3–4 subdorsal and 4–7 postdorsal). The 3rd row composed of 8–10 large brown irregular blotches centered along lateral line and extending to ventral side, some becoming slightly slanted, shape of blotches variable from elongated oval, oval, heart-shaped to triangular; 2 nd row composed of irregular different-sized blotches or spots inserted above lateral line at interspace between 1 st and 3rd rows (saddles and the blotches along lateral line). Black ocellus close to dorsal margin of caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin hyaline, with 3–4 longitudinal rows of dark brown spots. Caudal fin with 3–5 (usually 4) almost vertical rows of dark bands on rays, other fins hyaline. In life (Fig. 4), body and head light brown; belly paler; 2–3 dark brown transverse blotches on head; many dense and diverse dark brown blotches on body; subrotund black ocellus on upper 1/3 of caudal peduncle; pectoral, anal, pelvic, and caudal fins pale yellow; several light black spots on pectoral-fin and caudal-fin rays. Sexual dimorphism: Adult males distinguished by presence of well-defined suborbital groove, extending from lower rim of eye to upper base of inner rostral barbel (Fig. 3 d). Females without suborbital groove or with a shallower, less defined groove in similar position. Distribution and habitat: Paracanthocobitis putaoensis is known from the type locality, Tanjar Stream, Chan Khaung Stream and a tributary of the Mali Hka River in Naung Mun, all of which are tributaries of the Mali Hka River, Myanmar (Fig. 5). This species inhabits slow flowing streams with a substrate of small gravel and stones (Fig. 6). Other fishes collected with P. putaoensis include Psilorhynchidae: Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus; Cyprinidae: Danio flagrans, Tor yingjiangensis, Neolissochilus compressus, Opsarius barinoides, Poropuntius burtoni, Pethia tiantian, Pethia thelys, Garra qiaojiensis and Garra bispinosa; Nemacheilidae: Schistura sikmaiensis; Amblycepitidae: Amblyceps murraystuarti; Bagridae: Batasio procerus; Mastacembelidae: Mastacembelus armatus; Badidae: Badis pyema; Channidae: Channa burmanica. Etymology: The specific name “ putaoensis ” refers to Putao District, Kachin State, Myanmar.Published as part of Lin, Feng, Chen, Zhi-Ying, Myint, Khin Mar & Chen, Xiao-Yong, 2023, Paracanthocobitis putaoensis, a new loach species (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from the Irrawaddy basin in northern Myanmar, pp. 265-278 in Zootaxa 5227 (2) on pages 268-272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/751868
Do differences in the scale of irrigation projects generate different impacts on poverty and production?
No full textThis paper investigates differences in household production and consumption among small- and large-scale irrigators to assess whether the scale of an irrigation project increases household welfare in Mali. Much of the evidence of the impact of irrigation does not use counterfactual analysis to estimate such impact or distinguish between the scale of the irrigation projects to be evaluated. In the dataset collected by the author, both a large-scale irrigation project and small-scale projects are used to construct counterfactual groups. Propensity score matching is used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated for small and large irrigators relative to nonirrigators on agricultural production, agricultural income, and consumption per capita. Small-scale irrigation has a larger effect on agricultural production and agricultural income than large-scale irrigation, but large-scale irrigation has a larger effect on consumption per capita. This suggests that market integration and nonfarm externalities are important in realizing gains in agricultural surplus from irrigation.Irrigation, program evaluation,
Conjuring our beings: Stacey Gillian Abe and Immy Mali in conversational partnership
No full textThe series of Conversational Partnerships began in 2017 in African Arts vol. 50, no. 2, with a conversation between two artists: Eria Nsubuga SANE from Uganda and Sikhumbuzo Makandula from South Africa. The format of a “conversational partnership” (Rubin and Rubin 2012: 7) emphasizes the cocreation of meaning by the interviewer and interviewee as coauthors. This enables a move away from the art history format of the interviewer (usually a writer) assuming the role of the sole author and the interviewee (often an artist) having no status as an author despite the fact that her or his practice-led creation of knowledge is foundational to the content of the interview. Stacey Gillian Abe and Immy Mali participated in a joint artists' residency as part of the RAW program at Rhodes University in South Africa from November to December 2017. During this time, they engaged with each other's practice-led work, and they created this conversational partnership at a writing breakaway in the Eastern Cape
Who is to teach “these guys” to “shoot less?”
No full textSpecial Edition issue - Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Sub-Saharan AfricaWhile conducting research on counter-terrorism (CT) systems of the Central and Eastern European Member States of the European Union, a unique perspective on the European involvement in countering terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa was offered to the author by a Czech defence ministry official. In his view, the fact that his country made a decision to contribute “boots on the ground” to the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM Mali) was astonishing, to say the least: “Things like Mali, you sometimes wonder how these thing happen, even if you are part of them (Havranek 2013).” Thus a decision to participate in this latest CT motivated (building a Malian military capable of taking on the jihadists of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, AQIM) EU venture in Africa seems not to have been preceded by a careful analysis and weighting of the options on behalf of his country. In fact, it seemed like a knee jerk reaction to a call for troops from France and subsequently from Brussels. In the end, we might even speculate if, in this very case, the Czech Republic duly settled on a number of troops to be sent to Mali (very low – in dozens) and comfortably ticked off the box on its involvement in yet another Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) military mission in Africa, and its contribution to external aspects of combating terrorism on EU level.Publisher PD
Eser sahibinin mali haklarının ihlali suçu
No full textFikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’nda (FSEK) eser sahibinin mali ve manevi haklarının bulunduğu düzenlenmiş ve anılan haklar koruma altına alınmıştır. Bu koruma kapsamında mali ve manevi haklarının ihlal edilmesi durumunda eser sahibine öncelikle tecavüzün ref'i, tecavüzün men'i, tazminat davaları gibi bazı özel hukuk çarelerine başvurma imkanı tanınmıştır. Bununla birlikte kanun koyucu izlediği suç ve ceza siyaseti gereğince mali ve manevi hakların ihlallerinde yalnızca özel hukuk korumasının eser sahibine yeterli bir güvence sağlamayacağını düşünmüş ve son çare olarak ceza hukuku yaptırımları öngörmüştür. Bu çerçevede FSEK m. 71/ 1-(1)’de eser sahibinin mali ve manevi haklarının ihlali suç olarak düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada da eser sahibinin mali haklarının ihlali suçu suç inceleme metoduna göre anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.The Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (FSEK) regulates the economic and moral rights of the author and protects these rights. Within the scope of this protection, in case of violation of their economic and moral rights, the author of the work is given the opportunity to apply to some civil remedies, such as refusal of infringement, prohibition of infringement, and action for damages. However, the legislator considered that only the protection of civil law would not provide sufficient assurance to the author of the violations of economic and moral rights in accordance with the criminal and criminal policy he pursued and provided for criminal law sanctions as a ultima ratio. In this context, the violation of the economic and moral rights of the author is regulated as a crime. In this study, the crime of violation of the eoconomic rights of the author is tried to be explained
Konflikt w Mali. Rebelia Tuaregów, islamiści i międzynarodowa interwencja
No full textThe paper discusses the origins and course of the current crisis in Mali. The author outlines the reasons for the structural weakness of Mali, resulting from the shape of the borderline drawn at the time of decolonization, the confrontation between the Tuareg and the central government, the impact of the collapse of Gaddafi’s dictatorship in Libya at the onset of a new stage in the confrontation, the role of Islamist groups in northern Mali, and the course of French intervention there. The case of Mali as an almost classic ‘fallen state’ is treated separately.W artykule omówiono genezę i przebieg bieżącego kryzysu politycznego w Mali. Autor nakreślił przyczyny strukturalnej słabości Mali wynikające z dokonanego w czasie dekolonizacji wytyczenia granic, przebieg konfrontacji między Tuaregami a rządem centralnym, wpływ upadku dyktatury Kadafiego w Libii na otwarcie nowej fazy konfrontacji, rolę ugrupowań islamistycznych na północy Mali oraz przebieg francuskiej interwencji w tym państwie. W sposób odrębny potraktowany został przypadek Mali jako klasycznego niemal „państwa upadłego”
Poverty and Inequality Impact Analysis Regarding Cotton Subsidies: A Mali-based CGE Micro-accounting Approach
No full textIn this paper, we construct for Mali the first country-specific CGE model including a micro-simulation component so as to analyse how removing cotton subsidies in developed countries would impact poverty and inequality. To that effect, we have used the micro-accounting approach proposed by Chen and Ravallion. The issue has attracted significant attention, as it has played no small part in stalling the broader trade agenda. So far, research has been mainly carried out with a partial equilibrium analysis, whereas we use the first CGE micro-simulation model. A 17 sector CGE model comprising almost 5,000 households is used to demonstrate that removing cotton subsidies would contribute towards a significant decrease in poverty in Mali. Moreover, our results show that removing cotton subsidies while keeping other agricultural subsidies does not lessen the positive effects observed. It also appears that removing subsidies would marginally contribute towards easing inequality in Mali. Copyright 2007 The author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected], Oxford University Press.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Strategic Stakeholder Modelofthe Banking System, Mining: Bank SARMAYE Mojtaba Mali; Strategic Stakeholder Modelofthe Banking System, Mining: Bank SARMAYE
No full textABSTRACT Effective organization is an organization meet requires of its environmental components that continuity of organization survival requires to their supports. The Stakeholders analyze is important because it can be have an effective and influential role in the strategic management process of organization. The research problem is the major benefits conflict of the banks strategic stakeholders. The aim of this study is application and its method is descriptive -analytic. The statistical community for the Strategic stakeholders' research is Bank Sarmayeh Iran
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