1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Particle Density, Particle Size, and Nutrient Distribution of Flushed Dairy Manure
No full textThe handling of large volumes of liquid manure produced by hydraulic flushing systems can be challenging for dairy farmers. The high solid content in flushed dairy manure causes numerous challenges during manure handling, and the high nutrient content limits the amount of manure that can be applied onto cropland. The knowledge of particle density, particle size, and nutrient distribution of flushed dairy manure would allow dairy farmers to select appropriate manure treatment technologies and make better manure nutrient management on their farms. The major goal of this study was to understand the particle density, particle size, and total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) distributions of flushed dairy manure by using four commercial dairies in Southern Idaho as case studies. The study also aimed to examine the statistical significance of using different pore-sized inclined screen separators for solids and nutrients removal from flushed dairy manures of the four dairies. The particle densities of flushed dairy manure solids were determined by the pycnometer method using a methanol medium. A new technique—wet sieving combined with the hydrometer-pipette method—was used to determine the particle size and nutrient distributions of the flushed dairy manures. Nutrient analyses were carried out using the Hach methods: TNT 880 for TN and TNT 845 for TP. The flushed dairy manures of the four dairies differed in the initial total solid as well as nutrient contents with total solids (TS) ranging from 2.23% to 7.69%, TN ranging from 0.08% to 0.19%, and TP ranging from 0.04% to 0.13%. The particle densities of flushed dairy manure solids were found to vary with particle size, and the average particle densities of dried solids in flushed manures of dairies, #1, #2, #3, and #4 were found to be 1.48, 1.39, 1.37, and 1.30 g/cm3, respectively, much lower than the commonly used particle density of soils of 2.65 g/cm3. The distributions of solids and nutrients in flushed dairy manures also varied between the four dairies and were found to be site-specific. However, regardless of the dairy, the majority of TS, TN, and TP in flushed manures were observed at diameters smaller than 0.5 mm. Dairies, #1, #2, #3, and #4 had 63.85%, 58.17%, 57.94%, and 51.50% of TS smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter. Similarly, the percentages of TN and TP observed at diameters smaller than 0.5 mm for dairies, #1, #2, #3, and #4 were 72.00%, 75.14%, 75.76%, and 61.92% and 85.64%, 70.58%, 69.28%, and 61.35%, respectively. The statistical differences between the solid and nutrient removal capacities of different pore-sized inclined screen separators were found to be dairy-specific. From this study, it was estimated that 0.5-mm pore-sized inclined screen separators would remove between 25.41% and 37.40% of TS, 24.24% and 38.08% of TN, and 14.36% and 38.65% of TP from flushed dairy manures with initial TS ranging from 2.23% to 7.69%. This suggests that the inclined screen separators with pore size larger than 0.5 mm would remove only a fraction of total solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from flushed dairy manures, and most of the TS, TN, and TP would remain in the liquid fraction after solid-liquid separation. Therefore, commercial dairies that rely on inclined screen separators with pore sizes larger than 0.5 mm for solid-liquid separation might need to look beyond the 0.5-mm pore-sized screen separators to remove higher quantities of solids and nutrients from their flushed dairy manures.masters, M.S., Water Resources -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2021-0
ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF DAIRY MANURE AND POTATO WASTE
No full textDairy and potato are two important agricultural commodities in Idaho. Both the dairy and potato processing industries produce a huge amount of waste which could cause environmental pollution. To minimize the impact of potential pollution associated with dairy manure (DM) and potato waste (PW), anaerobic co-digestion has been considered as one of the best treatment process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and potato waste in terms of process stability, biogas generation, construction and operating costs, and potential revenue. For this purpose, I conducted 1) a literature review, 2) a lab study on anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and potato waste at three different temperature ranges (ambient (20-25˚C), mesophilic (35-37˚C) and thermophilic (55-57˚C) with five mixing ratios (DM:PW-100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60), and 3) a financial analysis for anaerobic digesters based on assumed different capital costs and the results from the lab co-digestion study. The literature review indicates that several types of organic waste were co-digested with DM. Dairy manure is a suitable base matter for the co-digestion process in terms of digestion process stability and methane (CH4) production (Chapter 2). The lab tests showed that co-digestion of DM with PW was better than digestion of DM alone in terms of biogas and CH4 productions (Chapter 3). The financial analysis reveals DM and PW can be used as substrate for full size anaerobic digesters to generate positive cash flow within a ten year time period. Based on this research, the following conclusions and recommendations were made:
► The ratio of DM:PW-80:20 is recommended at thermophilic temperatures and the ratio of DM:PW-90:10 was recommended at mesophilic temperatures for optimum biogas and CH4 productions.
► In cases of anaerobic digesters operated with electricity generation equipment (generators), low cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of 600/cow) operating at thermophilic temperatures are recommended.
* The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 is recommended while operating low cost plug flow digesters at thermophilic temperatures.
► In cases of anaerobic digesters operated without electricity generation equipment (generators), completely mixed or high or low cost plug flow digesters can be used.
* The ratio of DM:PW-80:20 is recommended for completely mixed digesters operated at thermophilic temperatures;
* The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 is recommended for high cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of 1,000/cow) operated at thermophilic temperatures;
* All of the four co-digested mixing ratios (i.e. DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 or 60:40 or 40:60) are good for low cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $600/cow) operated at thermophilic temperatures. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 is recommended for positive cash flow within the ten year period if the low cost plug flow digesters are operated at mesophilic temperatures.Thesis (Ph.D., Environmental Science)--University of Idaho, May 201
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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