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Paradise Lost: The Recreational Governmentality of Taiwan''s Northeast Coast
No full text本研究旨在探討台灣東北角海岸的轉型。藉著對遊憩化治理體制的分析，本文關照了近年遊憩化發展、土地開發爭議、以及居民的行動與回應等社會動態，從而概繪地方社會的形成輪廓與海岸空間變貌。
首先，本研究以文本分析方法，考察了1980年代迄今東北角的地景變遷，將不同治理模式（法源基礎、土地開發程序和興建旅館、遊憩設施）與其相應的時空脈絡、治理主軸及治理要項類型化。透過海岸發展歷程的爬梳整理，可以發現東北角海岸治理類型，受到各時期政治與社經脈絡影響，可概分為五個互有疊合的歷史階段：漁村漁業發展時期、戒嚴禁海時期、水泥化人工海岸時期、「風景特定區」化的海岸治理時期，以及土地開發為主的資本化海岸時期。
其次，本研究通過參與觀察與深度訪談方式，從海岸遊憩化治理的邊緣破綻中，掌握地方轉型的結構性動力與機制。研究設計分別聚焦於兩大區域不同的治理情境，一處是以地方政府為主要統治力量的宜蘭縣頭城鎮濱海，它以「振興地方」之政策修辭獲得在地認同，但也產生了海岸「國有地私有化」的爭議；另一處是以中央政府主導治理的新北市貢寮區，它在福隆海洋音樂祭等海濱節慶的快樂面具背後，隱含著核四、土地徵收與各類大型開發建設計畫等憂慮。從兩地的土地使用爭議事件及不同行動者的異質觀點中，本研究掌握到「風景特定區」中人們的日常生活處境，並辨識出涉入地方社會、資本力量、國家政策於遊憩化海岸的交會所在的，是地方派系、環保團體、漁會組織與地主階級等細微層次關聯的知識／權力壟斷。
最後，為了掌握海岸遊憩治理術的運作邏輯與因果關係，本研究提出「訂製娛網論」作為海岸地方權力動態與轉型機制的解釋模型；據此，本文指出海岸生產的結構化趨勢，乃是以「發展主義」作為海岸遊憩化社會組織的動力機制。「發展主義」這股暗流驅動了觀光政策修辭、遊憩化的具體技術，以及意象建構等物質性和符號性的網羅，這個網羅不僅對海岸生態環境造成創造性破壞，也將當代社會困於其中。本研究發現，「訂製娛網」作為海岸自然─社會生產的轉型機制，進一步揭示了海岸遊憩化治理術是以「保障安全」為主題的部署，其目的不只是為了治理土地和獲得金錢，還是為了治理人口並獲得權力。The purpose of this paper is to explore the transformation of Northeast Coast in Taiwan; the thesis focuses on taking critical perspectives of governmentality, reflecting the process of recreation, land development, resistance from the local society, and the impact on local people''s life-world.
Initially, through text analysis method on different governance models and its temporal context, this research summarizes several types of the Northeast Coast landscape changes from 1980s to date. The five overlapping historical periods about the transformation of Taiwan''s Northeastern Coast: fisheries development period, ban on maritime trade period, concrete coast period, "National Scenic Area" period as well as capitalized coast period were all influenced by political and economic processes.
Next, the research emphasizes on two areas of different governance contexts, by participated and in-depth interviews to capture the local context and social transformation mechanisms. One is Toucheng coastal area of Yilan County, which ruled by the local government as the main force. Although it is recognized by the "local revitalization" policy rhetoric, it brings the side effect - the controversy of “privatization of state-owned land”. The other is Gongliao District of New Taipei City, which is dominated by the central government governance. There are several worries, the nuclear power issues, land acquisition issue and various debatable large-scale development projects hidden behind the happy mask of “Ho-hai-yan Rock Festival” and mass seaside festival. From these two cases, this research describes the “National Scenic Area" people''s living situations and further identifies the macro and micro level in the recreational governmentality of Taiwan''s Northeast Coast.
As a conceptual interpretation, this research proposes "customized entertainment network theory" to point out the knowledge/power interaction and transformation mechanisms in seaside. The illusion of development resulted in a creative destruction and trapped contemporary society. Obviously, it reveals that the purpose of coastal recreation governmentality is not merely to control the land and access to money but also to govern the population and access to power.中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………ii
第一章 緒論：台灣海岸的遊憩化生產與治理……………………………1
第一節 問題意識：當海角變成樂園…………………………………………1
第二節 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………4
第三節 分析架構與主要論點………………………………………………14
第四節 研究設計與方法……………………………………………………18
第二章 東北角海岸的歷史進程與地景特質………………………………28
第一節 前遊憩化的東北角發展……………………………………………28
第二節 「東北角海岸國家風景區」與遊憩化地景的形成…………………47
第三節 後北宜高時期「東北角海岸國家風景區」的擴張…………………51
第四節 遊憩化治理體制的形成與轉型…………………………………….53
第三章 發展觀光以振興地方──經濟與環境之抗衡（宜蘭頭城）…65
第一節 觀光論述的影響與宜蘭（頭城）海岸治理趨勢…………………65
第二節 外澳「景觀保護區」變更「乙種旅館區」之爭議………………76
第三節 窺見海岸地方權力關係的在場／不在場…………………………84
第四章 多重治理模式之集體狂歡──遊憩部署（新北貢寮）………94
第一節 國家遊憩治理模式：政策論述與設施作為………………………95
第二節 田寮洋土地徵收計畫與地目變更計畫之爭議……………………106
第三節 再見觀光城鄉………………………………………………………114
第五章 結論……………………………………………………………………120
第一節 東北角海岸遊憩化治理體制發展與案例比較……………………120
第二節 海岸遊憩治理術的運作機制：「訂製娛網」論……………………125
第三節 反思海岸的可治理與不可治理……………………………………127
參考書目……………………………………………………………………………130
附錄 東北角海岸年表………………………………………………………………13
A study of micro-holing of brittle materials using micro-abrasive jet machining
No full text摘要
在磨料微噴蝕製程(micro-abrasive jet machining)中，護膜(mask) 用以保護母材不想被噴蝕之處。拜感光性樹脂之賜，護膜能在雙面對準曝光機、曝光、顯影下，於晶片待加工位置形成對位準確的護膜開口(mask opening)，使有量產優勢的噴砂製程能接續感測計等微機電晶片製作之上游製程，在晶片正確位置大量噴蝕各种流道孔。本製程之精密度完全取決於護膜之「抗蝕性」及護膜上「樣孔尺寸之正確性」二要件，本論文將就此二要件分別提出新的構想與辦法，期能使本噴蝕製程更趨精密與可靠。
本研究嘗試以雙層式護膜取代傳統上單層式護膜：內層是一種能與工件密切結合且對磨料噴蝕抵抗力甚弱的水溶性樹脂，外層則是混有感光樹脂，對磨料抗蝕力極佳又能與內層緊密結合的膠脂混合體。如此之雙層式護膜具有原本兩相衝突的特性：噴蝕時對磨料强的抗蝕力及完工後自母材輕易剝離性。水溶性內層樹脂可以輕易被水溶解，雙層保護膜隨自母材剝離，避免過去易傷及工件母材上電子電路的缺點。
在微孔噴蝕的過程中，因回砂因素導致所創孔洞之實際尺寸大於設計尺寸，實務上，須憑經驗，靠微調，補償護膜樣孔尺寸，才能滿足噴蝕製程所要求。本研究探討護膜下侵蝕 (underetching)，根據噴蝕理論，將補償，量化成方程式，以正確求出護膜樣孔應補償尺寸，一次滿足噴蝕製程之要求。經實驗證實，護膜之樣孔尺寸，經過本量化成方程式求出正確補償後，正反面噴蝕孔最大誤差分別為2.4%及3.0%，誤差值均很小，且在合理範圍內。因此本章所推導之護膜樣孔方程式，應能有效而可靠地被應用於護膜樣孔之計算，有助於提升噴蝕製程之尺寸精度。
本研究提出新的構想與辦法，預期微噴蝕製程之位置精度、尺寸精度均能獲致具體改善，進而對製程之改進作出貢獻。Abstract
In the process of powder blasting, mask was closely stuck on the substrate to protect the area of substrate not to be powder blasted. The quality characteristics of this process depend completely on the erosion resistance of mask to the powder blasting and the accuracy of mask opening size. this paper will provides a new idea and methods to improve the precision and achieve a good quality of this process.
Instead of one protective layer for mask that is conventionally used, two layers are coated on the surface of the substrate material. The inner layer is water-soluble resin with excellent adhesion to the substrate but having weak resistance to powder erosion, and the second layer is a photosensitive oligomer that is adhered well to the first layer and has very high resistance to powder erosion. Once the openings of the second layer are formed at the desired positions via a photo-etching method, a printing method, or other methods, the holes or grooves can be obtained by etching through the openings of the second layer to the first layer and the substrate by a powder blasting process. Then the whole protective coating is easily and smoothly stripped off without any damage to the substrate by dissolving the first layer with water. Such a protective coating possesses two contrary characteristics: high resistance to powder blasting and easy removal from substrate after powder erosion. Due to two layers are coated on the surface of the substrate material, the material of each layer can thus separately be developed to its utmost properties by researcher, and therefore, more space is created for developing in the powder blasting process.
In creating a hole on brittle materials by double-side sand blasting, the rebounding sand particle flux during the process may result in underetching at the edge of the mask opening, and leads to a larger sized fluid hole than desired one. In practice, determination of the correct mask opening size was made mainly by trial and error or with fine-tuning of the masking process and compensation for mask wear. In this paper, relationships between the mask opening size and desired size of a hole on both the front and the back sides of the substrate are derived. For the front side, by taking into account the underetching effect, an equation is derived based on kinetic energy theory. For the back side, there is negligible rebounding sand particles, and the mask opening size is set to be equal to the desired size of the hole. Experiments were conducted to verify the derived relationships. It is found that the measured sizes of the eroded holes on both the front and the back sides of the wafer substrate are distributed normally. The desired hole sizes deviate slightly from the median of a normal distribution curve, and the maximum predicted errors are 2.4% and 3.0% for front side and the back side sand blasting, respectively. The very satisfactory result of the predicted errors for various hole size shows that the derived relationships is applicable for determination of mask opening size in powder blasting process.
With this improvement of hole accuracy in size, it is expected that the powder blasting process will provide another choice for the process of machining holes on brittle materials.目錄
頁次
中文摘要-------------------------------------------I
英文摘要(ABSTRACT)---------------------------------III
目錄-----------------------------------------------V
附圖目錄-------------------------------------------VIII
附表目錄-------------------------------------------XII
符號說明-------------------------------------------XIV
第一章 前言--------------------------------------1
第二章 微噴蝕製程原理
2-1緒言--------------------------------------------11
2-1噴蝕基本原理------------------------------------13
2-3噴蝕製程参數(一)：磨料與工件 -------------------33
2-4噴蝕製参數(二)：護膜----------------------------35
2-5噴蝕製程與噴蝕形狀------------------------------42
2-6噴蝕製程技術探討--------------------------------43
第三章 實驗設備與作業参數
3-1製程用設備及作業参數----------------------------45
3-2測試、觀察及量測用設備及作業参數----------------52
3-3噴蝕機之設備與控制------------------------------60
第四章 雙層覆膜法
4-1 緒言-------------------------------------------61
4-2製程--------------------------------------------62
4-3性能測試----------------------------------------70
4-4小結--------------------------------------------79
第五章 覆膜樣孔尺寸之決定
5-1覆膜樣孔尺寸之推導------------------------------80
5-2 實驗-------------------------------------------87
5-3 結果與討論-----------------------------------89
5-4小結--------------------------------------------96
第六章 結論與未來展望
6-1結論------------------------------------------97
6-2 未來展望-------------------------------------99
参考文獻-------------------------------------------100
作者簡歷-------------------------------------------10
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