72 research outputs found
Effect of underpotentially deposited adlayers on sulfur bonding schemes of organothiols self-assembled on polycrystalline gold: sp or sp(3) hybridization
No full textMonolayers of diphenyldiacetylene derivatives: Tuning molecular tilt angles and photopolymerization efficiency via electrodeposited Ag interlayer on Au
No full textMonolayer structures of highly photoluminescent furan oligoaryls: An approach to improve packing crystallinity of dithiolated aromatics
No full textFermatean Fuzzy IWP-TOPSIS-GRA Multi-Criteria Group Analysis and Its Application to Healthcare Waste Treatment Technology Evaluation
No full textThe growth of healthcare waste (HCW) was driven by the spread of COVID-19. Effective HCW eradication has become a pressing global issue that requires immediate attention. Selecting an effective healthcare waste treatment technology (HCWTT) can aid in preventing waste buildup. HCWTT selection can be seen as a complex multi-criteria group evaluation problem as the process involves multiple types of criteria and decision-makers (DMs) facing uncertain and vague information. The key objective of this study is to create a useful tool for the evaluation of HCWTT that is appropriate for the organization’s needs. A novel index system for assessing the HCWTT during the decision-making evaluation process is first presented. Then a new approach based on entropy measure, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and game theory for the integrated weighting procedure (IWP) is presented under a Fermatean fuzzy environment. A multi-criteria group analysis based on IWP, a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and grey relational analysis (GRA), named IWP-TOPSIS-GRA framework suited to Fermatean fuzzy evaluation information, is developed. In a real-world case of HCWTT selection, through comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis, it is verified that the presented method is feasible and robust
The postwar West German economic transition: From ordoliberalism to Keynesianism
Full text linkA year after I started this project under the auspices of the Flynn Grant from Georgetown University's Center for German and European Studies it is finally finished, and only then because of the invaluable assistance of numerous kind individuals. In Cologne, Germany, the Institut für Wirtschaftspolitik facilitated my summer research agenda, with special gratitude extended to Benedikt Langner, Philipp Paulus, Vera Streibel, Steffen Roth and a cadre of harried yet ever so patient librarians. Holger Wolf and Marcelo Resico motivated my original ideas and have repeatedly proved to be founts of boundless advice and knowledge. Jost Dülffer, Roger Chickering and Richard Kuisel also contributed many helpful comments on the final drafts. Gisela and Mattias Driesch deserve more than a byline of thanks for their endless hospitality and support. Views expressed by this paper reflect those of the author alone
Retrieval of Cloud Ice Water Path from FY-3F MWTS and MWHS
No full textMicrowave sounding observations obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the European Meteorological Operational Satellite Program (METOP) satellites have been used for retrieving the cloud ice water path (IWP). However, the IWP algorithms developed in the past cannot be applied to the Fengyun-3F (FY-3F) microwave radiometers due to the differences in frequency of the primary channels and the fields of view. In this study, the IWP algorithm was tailored for the FY-3F satellite, and the retrieved IWP was compared with the fifth generation of reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) and the Meteorological Operational Satellite-C (METOP-C) products. The results indicate that the IWP distribution retrieved from FY-3F observations demonstrates strong consistency with the cloud ice distributions in ERA5 data and METOP-C products in low-latitude regions. However, discrepancies are observed among the three datasets in mid- to high-latitude regions. ERA5 data underestimate the frequency of high IWP values and overestimate the frequency of low IWP values. The IWP retrieval results from satellite datasets demonstrate a high level of consistency. Furthermore, an analysis of the IWP time series reveals that the retrieval algorithm used in this study better captures variability and seasonal characteristics of IWP compared to ERA5 data. Additionally, a comparison of FY-3F retrieval results with METOP-C products shows a high correlation and generally consistent distribution characteristics across latitude bands. These findings confirm the high accuracy of IWP retrieval from FY-3F data, which holds significant value for advancing IWP research in China
SST-Forced and Internal Variability of a Winter Wave Train over the Tropical Indo–Western Pacific and East Asia
No full textPrevious studies have indicated that a high-level wave train from the tropical Indo–Western Pacific to East Asia (IWP-EA, expressed as geopotential height at 200 hPa) is triggered by dipolar convective activity anomalies over the IWP during the boreal winter. The current study highlights the relative importance of sea surface temperature forcing versus atmospheric internal variability on the IWP-EA pattern, based on an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) experiment with 30 integrations. It was found that the SST-forcing component can reproduce the observed IWP–EA pattern and the related rainfall dipole well, for both the spatial features and temporal evolutions. The internal variability of the rainfall dipole is strong in the southern and eastern Indian Ocean and region north of Australia, while the internal variability of height generally increases with latitude. The signal-to-noise ratios are just over 1 over the northernmost lobe of the IWP-EA (Japan and the region to its east), while ratios over the other centers reach values greater than 3. An inter-member EOF analysis of the rainfall dipole indicates that the variability associated with the first two modes can explain more than 70% of the total spread over most regions with large spread for both rainfall dipole and IWP-EA, including the region over Japan. Thus, some parts of internal variability of rainfall dipole and IWP-EA are connected
Growth, Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Stool Characteristics of Healthy Term Infants Fed an Infant Formula Containing Hydrolyzed Whey Protein (63%) and Intact Casein (37%): A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textTo investigate whether healthy term infants, fed an infant formula containing hydrolyzed whey protein (HWP-F, hydrolyzed whey/intact casein =63/37), differ in growth, gastrointestinal tolerance and stool characteristics from those fed an infant formula containing intact whey protein (IWP-F, intact whey/intact casein =61/39) or breast milk. Healthy term infants, born within 14 days of the study’s commencement, were randomly assigned to be fed IWP-F or HWP-F until 13 weeks of age, and breast-fed (BF) infants were enrolled as a reference group. Anthropometric measurements, gastrointestinal tolerance indexes and stool characteristics were assessed at baseline, and 7 and 13 weeks of age. There were no significant differences in any growth measurements and the occurrence of crying, spit-up and difficult defecation among the three feeding groups during the study period. However, daily feeding frequency was consistently lower in the formula-fed infants than in the BF group throughout the study (p < 0.05), and infants in the HWP-F group consumed more formula than those in the IWP-F group at 7 and 13 weeks of age (p ≤ 0.002). The HWP-F-fed infants had more similar stool characteristics to the breast-fed infants than infants in the IWP-F group at 13 weeks of age, regardless of frequency, volume, color or consistency of stool. This study demonstrates that the HWP-F could support the normal growth of healthy term infants, to a comparable extent to that of breast-fed infants during the first three months of life. Moreover, stool characteristics of HWP-F-fed infants are much closer to breast-fed infants than IWP-F-fed infants, but no significant gastrointestinal tolerance improvement was observed in HWP-F group
Cold War In The Heartland: Transpacific Exchange And The Iowa Literary Programs
Full text linkTitled “Cold War in the Heartland,” this dissertation investigates the Iowa Writers’ Workshop (IWW) and the International Writing Program (IWP) against the backdrop of the Cold War and the ongoing Chinese Civil War. By tracking the enterprise of the IWW and the IWP through a transpacific framework, this dissertation implies that “Cold War freedom” has conditioned our ways of doing literature and imagining political futures. Through the two Iowa literary programs, this dissertation presents a history of U.S. cultural Cold War with a focus on the exchange between the United States, the Republic of China in Taiwan, and the People’s Republic of China. Having become a renowned writing program under the directorship of Paul Engle, the IWW welcomed in 1964 a female Chinese writer from the ROC, Nieh Hualing, with whom Engle co-founded the IWP in 1967. As this dissertation suggests, Engle’s close relationship with the U.S. government evidences that the achievement of the two Iowa programs was associated with U.S. cultural diplomacy, while Nieh’s transpacific movement attests to how U.S. foreign policy vis-à-vis “China” from the late 1940s to the late 1970s was instrumental to the making of the IWW and the IWP. Mining English and Chinese archives that are related to the Engles and the U.S. diplomacy, this dissertation uncovers that the U.S. fought the Cold War under the banner of cultural exchange on both sides of the Pacific. The IWW and the IWP were embedded in the Sino-U.S. relationships and Cold War bipolarity. “Cold War in the Heartland” also attends to writers to reveal that the cultural exchange conducted at and through the two Iowa literary programs involved a number of stakeholders and yielded unpredictable results. American writers such as Kurt Vonnegut and Raymond Carver responded to the social circumstances of the 1960s U.S. in their works during their time at the IWW. Vonnegut engaged himself with the antiwar movement and opposed U.S. policy in Southeast Asia, while Carver exposed the division between classes in a supposedly equal, affluent society. Chen Yingzhen and Wang Anyi, coming respectively from the ROC and the PRC, encountered each other at the IWP. In Iowa City, they dealt with political and personal divisions as a result of the Chinese Civil War. By analyzing the actions and writings of the IWW and the IWP participants, this dissertation argues that the two Iowa literary programs were undergirded by the entanglements of the intimate and the geopolitics. Iowa City as a community of writers and a City of Literature was not only an outcome of the cultural Cold War, but also a series of wars between the nation-states, literary ideals, cultural identities, and individuals.Ph.D
Diversity, phylogeny, and historical biogeography of large-eye seabreams (Teleostei : Lethrinidae)
No full textThe large-eye seabreams or Monotaxinae is one of two subfamilies in the Lethrinidae, a family of perch-like coral reef fishes. Despite its widespread occurrence and its commercial interest in the tropical Indo-West Pacific (IWP), this subfamily has traditionally been considered a taxonomically difficult group. Based on 268 samples collected from all 15 known large-eye seabream species throughout their distribution ranges, we investigated the taxonomic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily. From the results of multiple analyses on four gene markers, we confirmed the monophyly of all four genera in the subfamily (Gnathodentex, Gymnocranius, Monotaxis and Wattsia). We confirmed the occurrence of two species in the genus Monotaxis. We reported 15 delimited species within the most speciose genus Gymnocranius, four of which are potentially new species. The time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstruction enabled us to clarify the evolutionary history of the large-eye seabreams and to infer past patterns of species distribution. The most recent common ancestor to the Monotaxinae likely occurred in the central IWP ca. 32 million years ago. A burst of species diversification likely took place during the Mid-to Late Miocene, coinciding with tectonic change in the central IWP region. This gave rise to most extant lineages in Gymnocranius. The observed geographic distribution patterns in the subfamily most likely point to the central IWP as the area of origin and diversification. This was followed by multiple events of centrifugal range expansion towards either the Indian Ocean or the western Pacific Ocean, or both. Our results thus provide new support for S. Ekman's center-of-origin hypothesis
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