1,720,964 research outputs found
Toxic Effects of Ammonia on the Freshwater Shrimp Neocaridina denticulata
No full text氨是水污染中常見的無機氮化物，會對水生動物造成毒害。多齒新米蝦(Neocaridina denticulata)為陸封型淡水蝦，廣布於臺灣之河川溪流中。本試驗目的即在探討氨對於多齒新米蝦之毒性影響，以作為政府制定污染防治與水質標準之參考依據。在急性毒試驗方面，體長4.42±0.28 mm的多齒新米蝦，其24、48、72與96小時半致死總氨濃度分別為109.84、76.60、53.15與37.82 mg N/L，而體長9.22±0.41 mm的多齒新米蝦則為332.95、266.12、207.97與171.97 mg N/L。在慢性毒試驗中，所測試的總氨濃度有0 (控制組)、0.38、1.14與3.80 mg N/L。成長試驗方面，在總氨濃度大於1.14 mg N/L 的環境下蝦隻成長情形較差。生殖試驗方面，當外界的總氨濃度大於1.14 mg N/L時，母蝦的抱卵率、孵出的蝦苗數量以及公蝦的雄性生殖器指數皆會下降，而且在總氨濃度為3.80 mg N/L的情況下，甚至完全沒有母蝦抱卵。本研究亦發現在總氨濃度為3.80 mg N/L的情況下，攝食情形會受到抑制，而且耗氧量也會受影響。由結果可知，過高的總氨濃度對於多齒新米蝦而言的確會造成生理上之影響。根據本研究結果，多齒新米蝦對總氨的最大容許濃度為0.38-1.14 mg N/L (未解離氨為0.0013-0.0038 mg N/L)。謝辭....................................................Ⅰ
中文摘要................................................Ⅱ
英文摘要................................................Ⅲ
壹、前言.................................................1
一、氨的毒害.............................................1
二、多齒新米蝦...........................................2
三、放流水與水質標準.....................................4
貳、文獻回顧.............................................5
一、毒性試驗.............................................5
二、耗氧量...............................................6
三、攝食.................................................7
四、成長.................................................8
五、生殖.................................................9
參、研究目的............................................10
肆、材料與方法..........................................11
一、試驗生物的畜養......................................11
二、試驗用水：氨溶液....................................11
三、試驗方法之設計......................................12
四、水質分析方法........................................19
五、統計分析方法........................................21
伍、結果................................................22
一、急性毒試驗..........................................22
二、氨消長試驗..........................................23
三、耗氧試驗............................................25
四、攝食試驗............................................25
五、成長試驗............................................26
六、生殖試驗............................................27
陸、討論................................................29
一、急性毒試驗..........................................29
二、氨消長試驗..........................................30
三、耗氧試驗............................................34
四、攝食試驗............................................35
五、成長試驗............................................36
六、生殖試驗............................................38
七、各試驗之混合討論....................................40
柒、結論................................................43
參考文獻................................................44
圖......................................................54
表......................................................70
附錄、陸域地面水體(河川、湖泊)分類及水質標準............7
Constructing a Framework for the Association between Enterprises’ Knowledge Management Needs and Maturity
No full text本研究目的在於探討企業的知識管理需求與其知識管理成熟度之關聯性。本研究採用質性研究之個案研究法，深入探討目前已導入知識管理的企業現況，瞭解企業對知識管理的目標、需求、知識管理流程，以及知識管理成熟度，提供本研究建立一套更有效率，以分析出企業的知識管理需求與知識管理成熟度之關聯性的架構。本研究以產業多樣化的方式，訪談個案對象涉及政府機關、服務業、工程業、醫療業、銀行業、電視購物業等，讓本研究之研究方法都可在各個產業、各種類型的組織都可以應用。
研究結果發現，每間企業對知識管理的定義、需求都有所不同，連帶影響對知識管理的需求也會有所不同，在以企業需求為前提下，去探討知識管理需求構面所重視的權重也會有所不同，顯示出在探討知識管理等議題，不能以普遍化的方式去套用在每間企業情境上。在知識管理成熟度上，目前大部分的企業都尚未達到最高階層，但也顯示出知識管理的能力不應以追求最高為目標，而是以追求最適合為目標，也代表企業在發展知識管理計畫，還是應以企業的需求為主要考量。知識管理成熟模型可以用來分析企業目前在知識管理上的發展程度，以及還有哪些是可以繼續加強和改善的參考指標，但也許不會是唯一正確的參考。在探討知識管理需求與成熟度的關聯度部份，絕大部份的企業的知識管理成熟模型上的實務能力並非完全與知識管理需求是有高關聯度的，透過品質機能展開，明顯看出實務能力和需求之間的關聯度，提供企業可以針對與需求有高關聯度的能力去提升，彌補其他較低關聯度的能力，以滿足所有知識管理需求。本研究結論部分提供了實務面的研究貢獻，使用品質機能展開方法，可做為企業管理者在評估知識管理需求與成熟度的關聯度的有效的方法。This research’s object is to discover the association between enterprises’ knowledge management needs and maturity. This research adopts the qualitative research – case study to deeply discuss enterprise’s situation for those imported knowledge management, to understand the goal, need, process and the maturity of knowledge management for enterprises, and eventually to construct a more efficient framework for analyzing the relationship between knowledge management need and maturity. This research has concerned about industry diversity, including government agency, service, engineering industry, medical industry, banking, and TV shopping industry, to make the research method be able to apply to every kind of industry, and every type of organization.
The research result shows that every enterprise’s definition and need for knowledge management are totally different, therefore the need for knowledge management varies among enterprises. On the premise of enterprise’s need, the weights of different aspects for discussing knowledge management needs are also different. This shows that there’s no general method to apply to every enterprises’ situation when we make discussion on the issue of knowledge management. About the knowledge management maturity, the levels of knowledge management maturity for most cases haven’t reached the highest level yet. It shows that we are not seeking for the highest level of knowledge management capability but for the fittest one. And it also shows that when the enterprise has knowledge management plan, we should take the enterprise’s need as major concern. The knowledge management maturity model can be used to analyze the enterprise’s knowledge management development level, and to find out if there’s anything should be improved or refined. But it might not be the only index. After analyzing the association between knowledge management need and maturity, capability in practice can’t have high association with needs for most cases. Based on Quality Function Deployment, we can see the association between practice capabilities and needs clearly. It provides enterprise to improve some capabilities that have high association with needs, to make up the others, and to fit all knowledge management needs. This research provides practical research comment and uses Quality Function Deployment to be the efficient way to measure the association between knowledge management needs and maturit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
