199 research outputs found

    The Study on the Simulation of Sediment Deposition and Benefit of Desilting for the Deji Reservoir

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    德基水庫位於台中縣和平鄉,位處大甲溪流域上游,為一高山水庫。德基使用至今已近40年,水庫啟用的前20年間集水區並未發生較大的土砂災害,但在民國88年921地震後使得大量的土石滑落造成中橫公路谷關-德基段中斷,亦造成德基集水區邊坡土石鬆動,到民國90年後數個較大的颱風事件將原本位於邊坡的鬆動土石帶至庫內,對水庫造成不小影響,因此本次研究分別使用CFX 11.0及NETSTARS兩模式,分別模擬水庫底床變化及細粒泥沙入流變化情形。 CFX11.0模擬輸入條件分別是以冬季枯水期之入流量歷線、民國94年之泰利颱風及民國93年底的冬颱南瑪督之入流歷線為輸入資料。透過此三案例的模擬可了解各流量下,濁水流入水庫後,泥砂移動時間和濃度分布。NETSTARS模式則是使用民國62年至98年德基水庫平均淤積速度及921地震後民國90至98年的泥砂入流速度,模擬未來30年間德基水庫底床可能的變化情形。 在CFX11.0的模擬結果得知,由前段三種不同輸入結果可看出,降雨強度越大的情況下,高濃度的濁水到達壩前就會越早,相對的冬季枯水期則需花較長的時間才會到達壩前。在NETSTARS的模擬結果兩者部分區域高程差異甚至可達7~8公尺。而比較兩者可發現,以921地震後9年之平均淤積速度為輸入條件所模擬的案例與德基建成至今平均淤積率所模擬的案例,兩者三角洲淤積坡前段在庫區的位置差異不大,但兩者的高程差異則甚為明顯,整體來說以民國90年至民國98年平均淤積量所模擬的結果平均高程遠較另一案例高,與理論也相符合。Deji Reservoir is located at the upstream in Dajia river watershed, Taichung country. The earthquake 921 and violent typhoons after 2001 not only broke Central Cross-Island Highway but also made massive effects for Deji Reservoir. In this research two models- CFX11.0 and NETSTARS had been used to simulate the change of reservoir bed and transport of suspended sediment. The input data of CFX11.0 model are the stream flows and stages during TALIM typhoon, NANMADOL typhoon and in winter. By using these three cases we can understand the time of sediment transportation and the concentration in the reservoir. The NETSTARS model applied the average deposit rate during 2001~2009 and 1973~2009 to estimate the future 30 years river bed of Deji Reservoir. The results of CFX11.0 indicate that greater rainfall, the turbidity current moves faster, and flow will move slowly in winter. There are about 7~8 meters of elevation difference at some region of river bed from the simulation of NETSTARS. The delta increases faster and higher from the simulation by inputting the average sedimentation rate into NETSTARS from 2001 to 2009. The result also agrees with the theory.摘要…………………………………………………………………….…I ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………...III 圖目錄……………………………………………………….…….……VI 表目錄……………………………………………………...……….VIII 符號表…………………………………………………………………..IX 壹、 緒論…………………………………………………………………1 1-1前言………………………………..………………………....……1 1-2研究動機與目的………………………………………......………1 1-3本文架構與研究流程………………………………......…………2 貳、 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………4 2-1使用模式簡介…………………………………………………......4 2-2水庫泥沙運移特性………………………………………….......10 2-3水庫清淤對策資料蒐集……………………………………….....15 參、 研究方法…………………………………………………….....19 3-1樣區概述…………………………………………………….......19 3-2模式使用…………………………………………………….......26 3-3研究步驟及方法…………………………………………….......28 肆、 結果與討論……………………………………………………….35 4-1德基庫區濃度變化模擬……………………………………….....35 4-2德基水庫底床變化模擬……………………………………….....49 4-3清淤方案研擬………………………………………………….....56 4-4效益評估……………………………………………………….....61 伍、 結論與建議……………………………………………………….71 5-1結論…………………………………………………………….....71 5-2建議………………………………………………………….......72 參考文獻…………………………………………..……………………75 附錄…………………………………………………………………...7

    Casinaria leo subsp. leo leo Maheshwary & Gupta 1977

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    <i>Casinaria leo leo</i> Maheshwary & Gupta, 1977 <p> <i>Casinaria leo leo</i> Maheshwary & Gupta, 1977: 164–165.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 female, Xizang, Linzhi, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 14.VII.2003, Deji Meiduo, No20035385.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China (Taiwan, Xizang); India.</p>Published as part of <i>Han, Yuan-Yuan, Achterberg, Kees Van & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2021, The genus Casinaria Holmgren, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) from China, pp. 504-536 in Zootaxa 4974 (3)</i> on pages 521-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4777951">http://zenodo.org/record/4777951</a&gt

    Campoplex hei Han & Achterberg & Chen 2021, sp. nov.

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    Campoplex hei sp. nov. Figs. 39–40 Material examined. Holotype: female, Zhejiang, Tianmushan Xianrending, 1.VII.2001, 1520m, Piao Meihua, No 200105708 (ZJUH). Paratypes: 1 female, Fujian, Chongan Sangang, 5.XII.1989, Wang Jiashe, No 20008409; 1 female, Fujian, Sangang, 9.IV.1981, Wang Jiashe, No 854190; 1 female, 3 males, Guangdong, Dawuling, 3.X.2001, Xu Zaifu, No 20020470, 20020548, 20020478, 20020944; 15 females, 2 males, Guizhou, Fanjinshan Jinding, 12.VII.1993, Chen Xuexin, No 938313, 938830, 938139, 938683, 938665, 938684, 939315, 939340, 939328, 939330, 938319, 938803, 939342, 939341, 939345; 4 females, 2 males, Guizhou, Fanjinshan Huixiangpin, 13.VII.1993, Xu Zaifu, No 938254, 936290, 935870, 935855, 936038, 936286; 1 female, Guizhou, Fanjinshan Huixiangpin, 11.VII.1993, Yao Songlin, No 937220; 3 females, 1 male, Guizhou, Fanjinshan Huguosi, 1.VIII.2001, 1300m, Piao Meihua, No 200107681, 200108977, 200108787, 200108241; 1 female, Guizhou, Xishui Changqiangou, 29.IX.2000, Ma Yun, No 200102761; 1 female, Henan, Luanchuan Longyuwan, 13.VII.1996, Cai Pin, No 974761; 1 female, Henan, Ludai Honghe, 27. V.2000, Cai Ping, No 200101753; 1 female, Henan, Neixiangbao Tianman, 15.VII.1998, Chen Xuexin, No 988826; 1 female, Henan, Songxian Baiyunshan, 11–18.VII.1996, Cai Pin, No 972765; 1 female, Hubei, Shennongjia Muyuzhen, 26.VII.2012, Liu Zhen, No 201206503; 1 female, Shaanxi, Liubaxian Shibandian, 19.VIII.2013, Tu Binbin, No 201310432; 1 female, Shaanxi, Qinling Niubeiliang, 11.VIII.2013, Tu Binbin, No 201305740; 1 female, Shaanxi, Zhouzhi, 26.VIII.2013, Tu Binbin, No 201309500, 201309495, 201309565; 1 female, Shandong, Junan, 8.VII.1987, Dong Yancai, No 875415; 1 female, Shanxi, Lishan Xiachuan, 26.VII.2012, Liu Zhen, No 201206503; 1 female, Shanxi, Lishan Xiachuan, 26.VII.2012, Liu Zhen, No 201206503; 1 female, 1 male, Sichuan, Daofu Luhuo, 5.VIII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201407160, 201407149; 1 female, Sichuan, Qingchengshan, 3.VIII.1980, He Junhua, No 802795; 1 female, Sichuan, Wolong Dengshenggou, 9.VIII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201401452; 2 females, Sichuan, Wolong Yinchanggou, 7.VIII.2013, Liuzhen, No 201409360, 201409316; 4 females 1 male, Sichuan, Xiaojinxian, 9.VIII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201404326, 201404310, 201404306, 201404287, 201404305; 2 females, Sichuan, Xichang, 17.VIII.1980, He Junhua, No 801820, 801830; 2 females, Xizang, Lasa, 15.VII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201406125, 201406117; 1 female, Xizang, Linzhi Bayizhen, 3.IX.2002, Lin Naiquan, No 20033340; 1 female, Xizang, Linzhi, 21.VIII.2003, Deji Meiduo, No 20034366; 1 female, Xizang, Linzhi, 21.VIII.2003, Deji Meiduo, No 20034366; 4 females, Xizang, Xiayadong, 19.VII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201400796, 201403484, 201400665, 201400086; 1 female, Xizang, Zhangmu, 27.VII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201400348; 1 female, Xizang, Zhangmu, 27.VII.2013, Liu Zhen, No 201400348; 1 female, Yunnan, Kunming, 30.III.1981, He Junhua, No 811125; 1 female, Yunnan, Lijiang Wenbishan, 28. VI.2007, Sharkey, No 200804984; 1 female, Yunnan, Maguan, 6. VI.2018, Malaise trap, No 20180611; 1 female, Yunnan, Ruili Mengxiu, 2. V.1981, He Junhua, No 813124; 2 females, Yunnan, Xiaguan, 14. V.1981, He Junhua, No 810920, 810915; 1 female, Zhejiang, Anji Longwanshan, 11.IV.1999, Wu Hong, No 20001818; 1 male, Zhejiang, Hangzhou Yuhuangshan, 20.VII.2003, Wu Qiong, No 20057224; 1 female, Zhejiang, Kaihua Gutianshan, 18.VIII.2003, Yu Xiaoxia, No 20058661; 1 female, Zhejiang, Lishui Fengyangshan, 10.VIII.2003, Daiwu, No 20042897; 1 female, Zhejiang, Longquan Fengyangshan, 7.VIII.2003, No 20055739; 1 female, Zhejiang, Moganshan, 9.VIII.1984, Qian Mo, No 845807; 1 male, Zhejiang, Qingyuan Baishanzu, 13.IX.1993, Chen Hanlin, No 950037; 1 female, Zhejiang, Qingliangfeng, 21. V.2012, Yan Chengjin, No 201202502; 1 female, 1 male, Zhejiang, Qingyuan Baishanzu, 2.X.1993, Wu Hong, No 945628, 905659; 1 female, Zhejiang, Songyang, 15.VII.1989, He Junhua, No 894199; 15 females, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 25. VI.1984, Chen Xuexin, No 980615, 941824, 997265, 980053, 842593, 20038367, 877194, 872585, 873330, 872393, 872710, 872325, 872375, 872415, 872411; 5 females, 1 male, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 20.VII.1987, Lou Xiaoming, No 873712, 874330, 873844, 873794, 874293, 874286; 1 female, Zhejiang, Tianmushan Xianrending, 25.VII.2011, Song Shengnan, No 201101535; 1 female, Zhejiang, Tianmushan Xianrending, 30.VII.2003, Shi Min, No 20030634; 2 females, Zhejiang, Tianmushan Xianrending, 25.VII.2011, Liu Zhen, No 201101877, 201101346; 1 female, Zhejiang, Xitianmushan Xianrending, 29.VII.2003, Wu Qiong, No 20040044; 1 female, Zhejiang, Xitianmushan Xianrending, 2.VII.2000, Ma Yun, No 200103977; 1 male, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 12. VI.1993, Ma Yun, No 934410; 1 female, 1 male, Zhejiang, Xitianmushan, No 882753, 882709; 3 females, Zhejiang, Tianmushan Xianrending, 1.VII.2001, 1520m, Piao Meihua, No 200105179, 200105697, 200105929; 1 male, Zhejiang, Xitianmushan, 18. VI.1983, Shi Zuhua, No 830427; 4 females, 3 males, Zhejiang, Tianmushan Xianrending, VII.1998 – IV.1999, Zhao Mingshui, No 992423, 20057642, 994370, 998796, 995413, 994354, 200010647; 1 male, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 2.IX.1987, Fan Jinjiang, No 875634; 1 female, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 2. VI.1990, He Junhua, No 905091; 1 female, Zhejiang, Tianmushan, 17. V.1988, Xu Weiliang, No 885597. Description. Female (Fig. 39) holotype. Body length 6.5 mm, fore wing length 5.0 mm. Head. Antenna with 29 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.2× longer than second flagellomere. Face (Fig. 40E) granulose. Clypeus (Fig. 40E) mat, slightly convex, apical margin slightly curved. Malar space granulose, 0.6× basal width of mandible. Mandible with a very weak lamella. Frons granulose, median carina absent. Vertex granulose. Interocellar distance (Fig. 40F) 1.8× ocello-ocular distance and 2.3× distance between median and lateral ocelli. Temple mat. Occipital carina evenly arched. Mesosoma. Pronotum granulose dorsally, trans-striate below. Mesoscutum (Fig. 40G), scutellum and metanotum granulose. Mesopleuron (Fig. 40B) granulose, trans-striate below tegula, speculum smooth and shiny. Propodeum (Fig. 40C) granulose; area basalis trapezoid; area superomedia granulose; area petiolaris trans-striate; area superomedia confluent with area petiolaris, not depressed medially; all carina strong with median carina under costulae weakly developed; propodeal spiracle small and oval. Wing. Fore wing (Fig. 40A) areolet present and with a short stalk emitting 2m-cu vein from its apical part. Marginal cell short, distal part of surrounding vein 2.0× longer than proximal one. Vein 1cu-a opposite M&RS. External angles of second discal cell acute (70°). Hind wing with nervellus intercepted at lower 0.15 of its length. Legs. Hind femur 4.9× longer than wide. Inner spur of hind tibia 0.5× as long as first tarsomere of hind tarsus. Tarsal claws pectinate. Metasoma. First metasomal segment (Fig. 40H) round in cross-section of basal 0.3, with dorso-lateral carina and lateral groove. Postpetiole and second tergite granulose. Second tergite 0.62× as long as first tergite, as long as its apical width; thyridium round, its distance from basal margin of tergite equal to its diameter. Third tergite 0.6× as long as its apical width. Sixth and seventh tergites without emarginations medially. Ovipositor sheath approx. 1.4× longer than hind femur, ovipositor (Fig. 40D) gradually upcurved. Colour. Black. Mandible except teeth, palpi and tegula, extreme apex of fore and mid coxae, fore and mid trochanters, yellow; scape and pedicel blackish-brown; fore and mid coxae below, hind coxa and hind trochanter blackish-brown; remainder of fore and mid legs yellowish brown with telotarsus infuscated; remainder of hind leg yellowish brown with apex of hind tibia infuscated and tarsus from first tarsomere 0.8, brownish; metasoma entirely black. Variation. Malar space 0.5–0.8× basal width of mandible; interocellar distance 0.8–1.8× ocello-ocular distance; propodeal carina with medio-longitudinal carina under costula sometimes indistinct to absent; lateral longitudinal carina weak to strong; areolet with stalk short to long; hind femur yellowish brown to black; subbase of hind tibia not infuscated to infuscated. Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang). Comparative diagnosis. This species is similar to C. concretus sp. nov., but differs from the latter by having pronotum granulose dorsally, metanotum granulose, propodeal carinae not strongly developed, thyridium separated from basal margin of tergite by its diameter, and metasoma entirely black. Etymology. Named in honour of Prof. Jun-hua He for his great contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Hymenoptera.Published as part of Han, Yuan-Yuan, Achterberg, Kees Van & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2021, The genus Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) from China, pp. 1-121 in Zootaxa 5066 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5066.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/565393

    Generalized multiframe tasks

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    A new model for sporadic task systems is introduced. This model | the generalized multiframe task model | further generalizes both the conventional sporadic-tasks model, and the more recent multiframe model of Mok and Chen. A framework for determining feasibility for a wide variety of task systems is established � this framework is applied to this task model to obtain a feasibility-testing algorithm that runs in time pseudo-polynomial in the size of the input for all systems of such tasks whose densities are bounded by a constant less than one

    Data-Driven Evaluation of MOOC-Based Blended College English Teaching via Enhanced Neural Networks

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    The rapid proliferation of massive open online courses (MOOCs) presents both opportunities and challenges for traditional higher education. As MOOCs offer scalable, high-quality educational resources, they have the potential to significantly enhance instructional outcomes in university settings. In this context, the online-offline hybrid teaching model has emerged as a promising pedagogical approach, particularly in the domain of college English instruction. However, the effective integration of MOOCs into blended learning frameworks remains a complex and evolving challenge. This study presents a data-driven analysis of MOOC-based hybrid teaching for college English. It first identifies key limitations in current implementations, including issues related to interactivity, learner engagement, and instructional design. To address these challenges, a strategic framework is proposed to optimize the blended teaching process. Furthermore, this work introduces an enhanced back propagation (BP) neural network model to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid English instruction. The improved model incorporates an additional momentum term (AMT), adaptive learning rate (ALR), and a conjugate gradient (CG) optimization algorithm to overcome the limitations of traditional BP networks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior performance in terms of accuracy and F1 score compared to conventional methods such as support vector machines (SVM) and deep belief networks (DBN). These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and highlight the potential of intelligent evaluation models in advancing MOOC-based blended learning environments
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