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Catalytic Properties of Sulfonic Acid-functionalized Mesoporous Silica Prepared in Alkaline Environment
No full text介孔二氧化矽在吸附、觸媒、光學材料與薄膜等方面都有相當的應用性，而介孔材料的孔洞結構與穩定性是決定其應用價值的關鍵。本篇論文的研究為，在鹼性條件下(pH ~ 10)，利用共沉澱法以cetyltriethylammonium (CTEA+)作為模版試劑，矽源為 sodium silicate (Na2SiO3)，有機矽烷前驅物為(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS)。初合成樣品經過乙醇萃取移除模板試劑後，再使用H2O2將硫醇官能基做進一步的氧化，產生磺酸化官能基。在不同陰離子(Cl-與NO3-)條件下可得到具有三維立方堆積孔洞結構(3D-cubic，Pm3n)與二維六方堆積孔洞結構(2D-hexagonal，p6mm)之介孔材料，且加入的官能基含量可達S/Si = 15 mol%。催化反應部份，將不同長碳鏈羧酸(lauric acid與醋酸)與醇類(甲醇與苯甲醇)在50℃下進行脂化反應，以所合成的固體酸觸媒作為催化劑，且與具有磺酸根官能基的MCM-41材料比較其催化活性。催化結果顯示具有3D-cubic (Pm3n)的孔洞結構具有較高的初始速率，此結果可說明三維的孔洞結構與二維隧道型孔洞比較起來，有利於反應物與產物在孔洞內擴散。Mesoporous silica materials have potential applications in sorption, catalysis and optoelectronic devices. For practical applications, the porous structure and framework stability are the main concerns. In this study, two sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous materials were synthesized using cetyltriethylammonium (CTEA+) ion as pore-directing agent by one-pot co-condensation of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in alkaline condition (pH~10). After the templating surfactants were removed, the thiol groups were oxidized to sulfonic acid groups by H2O2. Well-ordered functionalized mesoporous silica materials of 2D-hexagonal (p6mm) and 3D-cubic (Pm3n) structures with sulfonic acid contents (S/Si molar ratio) up to 1.53 mmol H+/g were obtained in the presence of NO3- and Cl- anions, respectively. . The catalytic properties of these materials in esterifications of carboxylic acids of different chain lengths (lauric acid or acetic acid) with methanol or benzylalcohol were examined, and the results were compared with that of sulfonic acid-functionalized MCM-41. The initial rates of esterification over cubic Pm3n material were faster than that over 2D-hexagonal materials, attributing to the easier diffusion of the reactants in the 3D-pores than 2D-channels
sj-pdf-1-aut-10.1177_1362361321995725 – Supplemental material for Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-aut-10.1177_1362361321995725 for Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Minyue Zhang, Suyun Xu, Yu Chen, Yi Lin, Hongwei Ding and Yang Zhang in Autism</p
sj-pdf-3-aut-10.1177_1362361321995725 – Supplemental material for Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-3-aut-10.1177_1362361321995725 for Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Minyue Zhang, Suyun Xu, Yu Chen, Yi Lin, Hongwei Ding and Yang Zhang in Autism</p
sj-pdf-2-aut-10.1177_1362361321995725 – Supplemental material for Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-aut-10.1177_1362361321995725 for Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Minyue Zhang, Suyun Xu, Yu Chen, Yi Lin, Hongwei Ding and Yang Zhang in Autism</p
Measuring Elastic Constants of Piezoelectric Material and Flowing Fluid Viscosity by Ultrasonic Testing Method
No full text超音波檢測不僅在工業界應用廣泛，於醫療體系、日常生活中亦普遍存在。工業中尤以非破壞檢測領域最常使用，因為其具有幾乎能穿透各種試件並對人體無害的優點，也可同時作缺陷檢測、材料常數量測與即時監控樣品品質，並因操作簡易所以被廣泛接受。
傳統超音波量測是直接由示波器上時域訊號的回波間距配合已知試片厚度，計算波行進的時間藉以求得波速值(脈衝回波法)，然而主要待測材質為等向性材料因此超音波的入射方向並不會影響波速值，本文將嘗試先以脈衝回波法測量異向性(壓電)塊狀材料的波速，評估量測的準確度與可行性。
完成較厚的壓電塊狀材料測試之後，再進一步利用超音波搭配振幅頻譜法對於一般無法由拉伸試驗求得的薄層固體材料與陶瓷材料作非破壞性檢測，本文主要討論的內容是目前被廣為應用的壓電材料(PZT、半導體晶圓)之彈性性質，包含縱波波速、橫波波速與彈性常數測定，以作為相關元件設計之參考數據。
文中也探討改用液體延遲層代替固體延遲層對實驗結果所產生的影響。分析液體黏度與厚度等變因對量測訊號與計算結果影響的程度，可以歸納液體延遲層的優缺點作為實驗架設的考量。論文中也利用振幅頻譜法配合流體力學公式推算液體黏度，並實際針對高黏度液體(甘油、果糖)與低黏度液體(液晶)進行靜態黏度測定，同時探討一般環境中的壓力與溫度對液體黏度的影響。另一部份的實驗則是分析動態流體的黏度，其中包含牛頓流體的定量檢測與非牛頓流體的定性觀察。Ultrasonic inspection, a technique of non-destructive test (NDT), is widely applied in material properties testing because of its low cost and high accuracy. Elastic constants of materials play an important role in many engineering applications and designs. In general, the piezoelectric material properties are not easily obtained from tensile test. Therefore, the non-destructive ultrasonic technique is used in this study to evaluate phase velocities by pulse-echo and amplitude-spectrum methods, and then determine the elastic constants of materials by using phase velocities. In this regard, the experimental results of phase velocities did an excellent work in correlating the standard values calculated from the wave propagation theory.
The influence of buffer layer on the experimental measurement for the thin layer system has also been investigated in this study. We replaced solid buffer layer with liquid ones which has different viscosity and layer thickness to analyze the differences of longitudinal wave velocity between different test conditions. The accuracy of experimental measurement on longitudinal wave velocity will be increased with the increasing liquid viscosity.
In addition, the viscosity of thin liquid layer in static equilibrium and the environmental influence on the liquid viscosity are also discussed. The viscosity of liquids are obtained by inverting the wave velocities and attenuation coefficients with amplitude-spectrum method. The viscosities of liquid obtained in this study agree with the results presented in the literature. Furthermore, the viscosity of flowing fluid is measured by a self-designed liquid circular system.目 錄
誌謝I
摘要 II
AbstractIII
表目錄VIII
圖目錄XI
第一章 緒論1
1.1 文獻回顧1
1.2 研究動機與內容簡介4
第二章 理論分析7
2.1 振幅頻譜法7
2.1.1 波速的推導 7
2.1.2 液體黏度的計算11
2.2 固體材料常數的推算12
2.2.1 應用波動理論推算等向性與異向性材料常數12
2.2.2 應用波動理論推算壓電材料彈性常數15
第三章 實驗儀器架設原理及操作17
3.1 儀器架設與實驗流程17
3.1.1 固體材料實驗17
3.1.2 流動液體黏度實驗17
3.2 實驗儀器原理18
3.2.1 超音波探頭之構造與原理18
3.2.2 超音波的音場與傳遞19
3.2.3 超音波的衰減20
3.3 實驗試片的設計21
第四章 壓電材料彈性常數量測29
4.1 塊狀壓電晶體29
4.1.1 x-y plane 30
4.1.2 y-z plane 32
4.1.3 x-z plane 33
4.1.4 石英的彈性材料常數測定34
4.2 塊狀壓電陶瓷34
4.2.1 x-y plane 36
4.2.2 y-z plane 36
4.2.3 x-z plane 37
4.2.4 壓電陶瓷的彈性材料常數測定38
4.3 薄層晶圓的波速39
4.3.1 AT-cut Quartz 39
4.3.2 Silicon 42
4.3.3 LiNbO3 43
4.3.4 LiTaO3 45
4.4 薄層壓電陶瓷的波速48
4.4.1 PIC-151 48
4.4.2 PZT-5J 49
第五章 液體延遲層對量測薄層固體的影響 88
5.1 不同黏度之液體延遲層探討88
5.2 不同厚度之待測層探討88
5.3 不同厚度之延遲層探討89
5.4 金屬薄層的波速量測90
第六章 薄層液體的黏度量測104
6.1 靜態液體的黏度量測104
6.1.1 果糖黏度104
6.1.2 甘油黏度105
6.1.3 高分子纖維素溶液黏度105
6.1.4 液晶黏度 106
6.1.5 溫度與壓力對果糖黏度的影響107
6.2 動態液體的黏度量測108
6.2.1 控制體積法108
6.2.2 動態循環111
第七章 結論與未來展望130
附錄 A 133
附錄 B 135
附錄 C 136
參考文獻13
Comparison of two different therapeutic strategies in treatment of canine Babesia gibsoni Asian genotype infection
No full text犬吉貝氏焦蟲亞洲亞型的感染(Babesia gibsoni，B. gibsoni)之治療長期以來對臨床獸醫師相當具有挑戰性，自從發現對atovaquone具抗藥性的蟲體後，治療B. gibsoni除了合併給予atovaquone以及azithromycin(簡稱AA組)外，研究其他治療策略就顯得非常重要。本研究的目的在於評估合併給予clindamycin phosphate、diminazene aceturate及imidocarb diproprionate(簡稱CDI組)之療效並與AA組的治療效力做比較，進一步分析台灣焦蟲的基因突變情形。本研究將三十隻經由血液抹片檢查(blood smear examination)或聚合酶鏈鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)確診為B. gibsoni感染的患犬，依據治療方法不同分為兩組：AA組以atovaquone (13.3mg/Kg body weight，PO，q8h) 與azithromycin (10mg/Kg body weight，PO， q24h)合併治療，CDI組則以clinidamycin phosphate (30mg/kg body weight，PO， q12h)、diminazene aceturate (3.5mg/kg body weight，IM，就診日單次注射) 與 imidocarb diproprionate(6mg/kg body weight，SC，注射完diminazene後隔天單次給予)合併治療。完整紀錄患犬就診當天(day 0)與回診第7、14、21與28天的血紅素(Hb)、血容比(PCV)、紅血球(RBC)、血小板數(platelet counts)與寄生蟲血症(parasitemia)，利用巢式多重引子PCR(multiplex-nested PCR，Nested-mPCR)區分B. gibsoni的型別，並定序B. gibsoni cytochrom b(CYTb)基因以觀察突變情形。根據本研究結果，CDI組和AA組有相同的抑制寄生蟲血症與使血液檢查異常恢復的能力，甚至在第28天時，CDI組的Hb、PCV與RBC數值都較AA組高。AA組的復發率(relapse rate)為41.2%然而在CDI組僅15.4%，並且在所有AA組未康復的犬隻中都發現CYTb基因的M121I突變。綜合上述，B. gibsoni在AA組合治療之後確實出現抗藥性，而且CYTb基因的M121I突變與抗藥性的蟲體具絕對相關。因此一旦犬隻復發，則B. gibsoni CYTb基因的定序就顯得相當重要，如果出現了M121I的突變，則需要考量AA組合以外的治療策略。和AA組合相比，CDI組合雖然需要較長的治療時間，但是降低寄生蟲血症的能力相同，且有較高的康復率及所需的花費較少且無明顯的副作用，因此，在臨床治療犬隻B. gibsoni感染上，本研究的發現提供了一個新的選擇。The treatment of Babesia gibsoni Asian genotype (B. gibsoni Asian genotype) has long been a challenge to veterinarians as no drug can be used alone to eliminate the pathogen. Thirty client-owned dogs naturally infected with B. gibsoni as diagnosed with blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were enrolled in this study. Dogs were divided into two groups based on the treatment strategy initially. AA group received atovaquone (13.3mg/Kg body weight, PO, q8h) and azithromycin (10mg/Kg body weight, PO, q24h) and CDI group was treated with clinidamycin phosphate (30mg/kg body weight, PO, q12h), diminazene aceturate (3.5mg/kg body weight, IM, single dose at presenting day) and imidocarb diproprionate(6mg/kg body weight, SC, single dose, the day after diminazene was administrated). PCV, Hb, RBC, platelet counts, and parasitemia were recorded at presenting day (day 0) and during treatment at day 7, 14, 21, and 28. The B. gibsoni 18S rRNA gene was amplified and B. gibsoni cytochrom b (CYTb) gene were sequenced. As compare from the efficacy of suppressing parasitemia and the recovery of hematologic abnormalities, both groups have almost equal efficacy in treating B. gibsoni infection. Values of Hb, PCV, and RBC were higher in CDI group than in AA group at day 28. There were 41.2% dogs in AA group and 15.4% dogs in CDI relapsed after treatment, AA had higher relapsed rate than CDI. M121I mutation in B. gibsoni CYTb gene was detected in all AA-relapse and AA-non-remission samples. Drug resistance do occurred after treating by AA combination and M121I mutation in B. gibsoni CYTb gene is highly correlated in atovaquone-resistant B. gibsoni. Once relapse occurred, screening of the sequence of B. gibsoni CYTb gene is important and an alternative therapeutic strategy should be considered. Compared to AA combination, CDI combination has the same efficacy to suppress parasitemia, a higher recovery rate, and is less expensive without obvious side effects, unless it took longer treatment period. The CDI combination provided a good alternative choice in treating B. gibsoni Asian genotype
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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