1,721,036 research outputs found
Le fantôme et la machine
No full textMartin Jonathan, Chemero Anthony. Le fantôme et la machine. In: Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive, n°60, 2013/2. Pragmatisme(s) et sciences cognitives. pp. 251-261
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Enacter l’imagination : à la croisée de la philosophie de la cognition et de la philosophie des techniques
No full textCette thèse porte sur la relation entre l'imagination et la technique. Cette thèse part d’un constat selon lequel, dans le paysage des sciences cognitives contemporaines, on trouve peu de travaux qui s’intéressent à la relation entre imagination, créativité et technique. La question de la constitution technique de l’imagination n'a été que récemment esquissée à la manière d’un projet théorique par des philosophes des sciences cognitives tels que Lambros Malafouris (2013), Daniel Hutto et Erik Myin (2017) et Shaun Gallagher (2017). Dans leur sillage, les partisans des approches de la cognition dite 5E (enactive, incarnée, située, étendue et écologique) ont commencé à prendre plus au sérieux le rôle de l'engagement socio-matériel et technique dans l'imagination (Poulsgaard 2019 ; Dereclenne 2020 ; Van Dijk et Rietveld 2020). Cette thèse s’inscrit pleinement dans la lignée de ces travaux. A la lumière d’une lecture croisée du pragmatisme, de la philosophie française de la technique, de l’anthropologie matérielle et des sciences cognitives contemporaines, l’enjeu y est de montrer que la technique façonne l’esprit imaginatif et créatif. Les conceptions contemporaines de l’imagination et de la créativité dans le champ des sciences cognitives sont principalement internalistes et représentationalistes. La première partie de cette thèse (chapitres 1 et 2) soutient que l’internalisme et le représentationalisme conduisent à sous-estimer le rôle de l'engagement technique et socio-matériel dans les processus imaginatifs et créatifs. Coupables d'une sorte de dualisme intenable entre l'esprit et la technique, les conceptions internalistes et représentationnalistes de l'imagination et de la créativité comprennent le développement et l'engagement techniques comme des moyens a posteriori d'extériorisation et de matérialisation de processus imaginatifs et créatifs purement internes, indépendants de l’engagement concret et incarné avec l’environnement socio-matériel, en particulier technique. Dans un tel contexte théorique la technique ne constitue, ni ne participe d'aucune manière aux processus imaginatifs et créatifs. Le chapitre 2 présente des principes épistémologiques (section 1) et ontologiques (section 2) à l’aune desquels surmonter les limites de l'internalisme et du représentationalisme, pour penser plus efficacement la relation constitutive entre imagination et technique. À la lumière des approches pragmatistes de John Dewey et de Nelson Goodman, ce chapitre soutient que le manque de considération pour la technique est le résultat d'un sophisme philosophique, ledit " sophisme méréologique ". Ce sophisme conduit à attribuer au cerveau le seul rôle explicatif et à ignorer le rôle essentiel et constitutif des facteurs externes et de l'engagement pratique. Le chapitre 2 explique comment ce sophisme fonctionne dans le cas de l'imagination et soutient qu'il existe une autre façon d'expliquer les processus imaginatifs, sans postuler l'existence de représentations mentales et sans réduire les processus imaginatifs à des processus purement internes, représentationnels et cérébraux. Cette critique épistémologique conduit à la promotion d'une ontologie des transactions individu-monde, développée dans la suite de la thèse à travers l'ontologie des relations de Simondon, l'ontologie enactive des couplages individu-monde et l'ontologie écologique des affordances. La deuxième partie (chapitres 3, 4 et 5) combine les traditions philosophiques analytiques et continentales, pour offrir une théorie alternative de l'imagination et de la créativité en tant que techniquement constituées. Plus précisément, le chapitre 3 présente la conception simondonienne de la relation entre imagination et technique. Dans ce chapitre on montre comment il est possible de combiner le cadre conceptuel et les intuitions de Simondon avec les approches de la cognition 5E. Comme les enactivistes, Simondon thématise l'insertion de la subjectivité dans la vie.This dissertation focuses on the relation between imagination and technics. There is no actual research on the relationship between imagination, creativity and technics in contemporary cognitive science. Nowhere is the question of thetechnical constitutivity of imagination articulated. This question has only recently been sketched out as a theoretical project by enactive philosophers of cognitive science (Malafouris 2013; Hutto and Myin 2017; Gallagher 2017). In the wakeof it, proponents of 5E cognition approaches (i.e., enactive, embodied, embedded, extended and ecological cognition approach) have started takingthe role of socio-material and technical engagement in imagination more seriously (Poulsgaard 2019; Dereclenne 2020; Van Dijk and Rietveld 2020). This dissertation aims to pursue this reflection. Simply put, in light of a crossreading of pragmatism, French philosophy of technics, material anthropology and contemporary cognitive science, the stake is to show that technics shapes the imaginative and creative mind. Contemporary conceptions of imagination and creativity in the field ofcognitive science are mainly internalist and representationalist. Part one (chapters 1 and 2) argues that these views severely underestimate the role of technical and socio-material engagement in imaginative and creative processes. Guilty of a kind of dualism between mind and technics of which we should get rid of, internalist and representationalist conceptions of imagination and creativity understand technical development and engagement as means for the exteriorization of imaginative and creative achievements. These achievements remain internal to the representational brain only, prior to concrete embodied engagement with the technical environment. In this theoretical context, technics does not constitute, nor participate, in any way, into imaginative and creative processes. Chapter 2 presents epistemological (section one) and ontological (section two) principles that could help us to overcome the limitations of internalism and representationalism, and to think of the constitutive relationship between imagination and technics more efficiently. In light of John Dewey and Nelson’s Goodman’s pragmatist approaches, this chapter argues that the lack of consideration for technics is a result of a philosophical fallacy, the so-called “mereological fallacy”-- i.e. attributing to the mind-brain the only explanatory role while ignoring the essential and constitutive role of external factors and practical engagement. Chapter 2 explains how this fallacy works in the case of imagination and argues that there is another way to explain imaginative processes without postulating the existence of mental representations and reducing imaginative processes to purely internal and brain processes. This epistemological criticism leads to the promotion of an ontology of individual-world transactions, which is developed in the rest of the dissertation through Simondon’s ontology of relations, the enactive ontology of individual world couplings and the ecological ontology of affordances. Part 2 (chapter 3, 4 and 5) combines the analytic and the continental philosophical traditions, to offer an alternative theory of imagination and creativity as technically constituted. More specifically, chapter 3 presents the work of French philosopher of subjectivity and technics, Gilbert Simondon. It is shown how it is possible to combine Simondon’s conceptual framework and intuitions with 5E approaches. Like enactivists, Simondon thematizes the insertion of subjectivity in life. He also offers stimulating perspectives to help enactivists think about the articulation differently. That is, not only, as classical enaction does, between life, cognition and the lived body, but more extensively, between life, cognition and the sociocultural environment
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Relational classification in behavior analysis and ecological psychology
No full textThe thesis discusses relational classification in behavior analysis and ecological psychology. First, relational classification within behavior analysis is discussed in a theoretical article. The article aims to technically define the distinction between structure and function. The definition endeavors to be (a) in line with previous usage, (b) pay homage to the idea that different yet continuous functional levels can be studied in their own right, and (c) be empirically accountable. The philosophical concept of multiple realizability is used as a theoretical reference point. It is argued that structure-function relationships can be explicated as operationalized multiple realizability. Three criteria for structure-function relationships are distilled. First, structural variables s1…sn must converge on the same relational variable(s) C1…Cn. Second, the structural variables s1…sn must diverge from each other by criteria D1…Dn. Third, the structural variables s1…sn must be relevant for instantiating the relational variables(s) C1…Cn. This definition is tested out in an interdisciplinary and dual purposed experiment, conducted at the University of Cincinnati. The study aims to exemplify structure-function relations as data and introduce the concept of dynamic agent-environment fit from ecological psychology. Dimensionless ratios, or “pi-numbers”, are used to investigate time-based avoidance behavior in a ball transportation task. Plastic play-pen balls were delivered 8 meters away from a wooden box on a progressive and non-contingent interval schedule. Participants were asked to transport the delivered balls into the box. The balls had to be transported rapidly, so that new balls would not stack at the delivery location. The delivery intervals would change gradually from 2-12 or 12-2 seconds. Participants learned to adapt to these changing conditions and time their transportation attempts to avoid stacking. The temporal properties of this avoidance behavior, when considered in proportion to the delivery interval, proved to be an invariant ratio regardless of absolute time. Participants spent 80% of the delivery interval to move towards the box and back. In addition, they moved faster towards the box than back to the delivery location. This invariance is revealed when the data is described using pi-numbers. These pi-numbers were used as a reference point to evaluate structure-function relations of the time-based avoidance behavior. The velocity at which participants moved is cautiously put forth as a candidate for structure in relation to the pi-numbers as function
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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