1,721,013 research outputs found
Smoke-free homes and youth smoking behavior in Italy: Findings from the SIDRIAT longitudinal study
Full text linkIntroduction: Few studies have explored whether smoke-free homes (SFH) can promote reductions of smoking onset in children, particularly in households with smoking parents. The aim of this study was to determine whether youths living in SFH were less likely to progress to smoking. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, 11-year, two-wave study on 778 children aged 6-7 years and 985 adolescents aged 13-14 in 2002. At baseline, youths were asked whether or not adults smoked at home (SFH); at follow-up, in 2012-2014, whether a household smoking ban (HSB) had been implemented during the course of the study. Logistic regression was used to investigate SFH effects on youth smoking behaviors. Results: Sixty-nine percent of children and 54% of adolescents reported SFH at baseline; 80% of children and 71% of adolescents reported HSB at follow-up. Youths living in non-SFH at baseline were twice as likely to become established smokers at follow-up compared with those living in SFH (children + adolescents: odds ratio [OR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39-2.94; adolescents: OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.36-3.42; children: OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 0.80-3.56), either for youths living with nonsmoking parents at baseline and follow-up (OR for both children and adolescents = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.70-5.51) or for youths with ≥1 smoking parent at baseline and follow-up (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.01-4.46). The effect was greater in youths living in the worst situation (non-SFH at baseline + non-HSB at follow-up) compared with those in the best situation (SFH at baseline + HSB at follow-up; children: OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.10-9.35; adolescents: OR = 5.41; 95% CI = 2.66-10.97). Conclusions: Household smoke-free policies had a significant impact in protecting youths from becoming established smokers. Implications: The results of the SIDRIAT longitudinal study showed that youths living in homes where people smoked at baseline were twice as likely to become established smokers 11 years later at follow-up, compared with youths living in SFH. The lower number of established smokers among youths living in SFH at baseline was recorded not only in households with nonsmoking parents but also in those with smoking parents. Implementing a home smoking ban is recommended in all households. Living in homes with no ban may be a risk factor for smoking initiation, which is independent of having smoking parents
Proposta di valutazione della pregressa esposizione ad amianto in un gruppo di ex-esposti
No full textLa pubblicazione riporta un metodo di classificazione delle esposizioni ad amianto in un gruppo di ex esposti
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dinamiche temporali della mortalità per asbestosi in coorti di lavoratori del cemento- amianto in Italia
Full text linkIntroduzione
Il cemento amianto è un settore lavorativo che ha comportato un’esposizione occupazionale ad elevate concentrazioni di
fibre di amianto. Tra i dipendenti del cemento amianto si riporta la presenza di un certo numero di lavoratori affetti da
asbestosi, una malattia polmonare occupazionale causata dall'inalazione e dalla deposizione di fibre di amianto nel tessuto
polmonare, la cui progressione determina disabilità, insufficienza respiratoria e morte prematura. Nei paesi occidentali il
tasso di mortalità per asbestosi è associato al passato consumo di amianto e segue dinamiche temporali correlate alla
latenza.
Obiettivi
L’obiettivo dello studio è valutare le dinamiche temporali e i determinanti associati con la mortalità per asbestosi tra le 21
coorti osservate, costituite da lavoratori del cemento amianto esposti ad alte concentrazioni di fibre di amianto.
Metodi
La mortalità per asbestosi è stata analizzata in una coorte di 13076 addetti al cemento amianto (18.1% donne). Per ogni
lavoratore è stata calcolata l’esposizione cumulativa sulla base della storia personale e i valori di esposizione diciascuna
azienda per anno pesando per la diversa varietà mineralogica sulla base della frazione di amianto utilizzato (Hodgson e
Darnton 2010). Sono state condotte tre diverse analisi, basate su Rapporti Standardizzati di Mortalità (RSM), modello Età-
Periodo-Coorte (EPC) attraverso un modello di Poisson e analisi composizionale della mortalità per malattie asbesto
correlate (tumore primitivo pleurico e peritoneale, tumore del polmone e asbestosi). In tutte e tre le analisi si è considerata
l'esposizione cumulativa. Gli RSM sono stati calcolati utilizzando i tassi di mortalità di riferimento per regione, sesso,
calendario e limitati al calcolo delle persone-anno ad eventi dopo il 1970.
Risultati
Le analisi si basano su 512117 anni-persona (388914 anni-persona dal 1970). La mortalità per asbestosi raggiunge valori
elevati soprattutto tra le donne (uomini RSM: 508; donne: 1027). I valori dei RSM per asbestosi aumentano rapidamente
all'aumentare dell'esposizione cumulativa e con il tempo trascorso dalla prima esposizione. L'analisi EPC riporta un chiaro
contributo dell'età sulla mortalità con un andamento crescente a partire dai 60 anni ed con un picco di mortalità a 75-80
anni; i rischi relativi confermano l’associazione con esposizione cumulativa ed è un minore rischio tra le donne.Tra i
lavoratori più pesantemente esposti, l'asbestosi diventa la prima causa di morte per malattie asbesto-correlate tra le
persone più anziane.
Conclusioni
Si conferma che la mortalità da asbestosi è stata determinata principalmente dall'esposizione cumulativa. La differente
composizione delle malattie asbesto correlate è attribuibile all'esposizione ad amianto e alla diversa abitudine al fumo tra
generi. Come conseguenza del declino delle esposizioni dopo il 1980, il numero di morti per asbestosi è destinato a
diminuire drasticamente nei prossimi decenni
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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